The alterations listed below may be undertaken voluntarily by some individuals; they may also be performed for medical reasons or performed on infants or adults against their will. Any of these changes may be considered modifications or mutilations. Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue. Male Circumcision Posthectomy Frenectomy Castration Orchidectomy Penectomy Female circumcision ClitoridotomySee also:

Genital modification and mutilation, Genital modification and mutilation - Circumcision, Genital modification and mutilation - Elective genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Alteration of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Addition to tissue

Read more here: » Genital modification and mutilation: Encyclopedia II - Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration

Hurrian speakers formed the majority population of the kingdom of Mitanni, though they appear to have been governed by a class of foreign nobility. Their literature had a deep influence on the Hittites, and the Indo-European Hittite language exhibits many Hurrian loanwords, including most of the religious vocabulary. Two episodes from Hesiod's Theogony may be derived from Hurrian myths: the castration of Uranus by Cronus may be derived from the castration of Anu by Kumarbi, while Zeus's overthrow of Cronus and Cronus's regurgitation o ...

See also:

Hurrians, Hurrians - History, Hurrians - Material culture, Hurrians - Impact, Hurrians - Connections and origin theories, Hurrians - Notes, Hurrians - Books

Read more here: » Hurrians: Encyclopedia II - Hurrians - Impact

Guido Maffeo, born a peasant, is castrated at the age of six to preserve his soprano voice, and becomes a star of the opera by the time he's a teenager. However, like many castrato, he loses his voice as he enters manhood. After a failed suicide attempt, he becomes a music teacher in the Naples conservatorio where he was raised. While he becomes an excellent teacher and composer, he is denied the fame he originally had. Tonio Treschi is (apparently) the last son of a noble family from the Republic of Venice, his father, Andrea, a member of the Serenissima's Council of Three. About ten years younger than Guido, he possesses a ...

See also:

Cry to Heaven, Cry to Heaven - Overview, Cry to Heaven - Plotline, Cry to Heaven - Motifs, Cry to Heaven - Significance

Read more here: » Cry to Heaven: Encyclopedia II - Cry to Heaven - Overview

There are many possible types of hypogonadism and several ways to categorize them. Hypogonadism - by Congenital vs. acquired. An example of congenital hypogonadism (present at birth) is Turner syndrome. An example of acquired hypogonadism (develops in childhood or adult life) is castration. Hypogonadism - by Hormones vs. fertility. Hypogonadism can involve just hormone production or just fertility, but most commonly involves both. Examp ...

See also:

Hypogonadism, Hypogonadism - Classification, Hypogonadism - by Congenital vs. acquired, Hypogonadism - by Hormones vs. fertility, Hypogonadism - by Affected system, Hypogonadism - Diagnosis, Hypogonadism - Treatment

Read more here: » Hypogonadism: Encyclopedia II - Hypogonadism - Classification

From four to seven years of age, the child enters the phallic phase, when the sexual organs become the child's primary object-cathexis. In this stage, the child becomes fascinated with urination, which is experienced as pleasurable, both in its expulsion and retention. The trauma connected with this phase is that of castration, which makes this phase especially important for the resolution of the Oedipus complex. Over this time, the child began to deal with separation anxiety by finding symbolic ways of representing and thus controlli ...

See also:

Psychosexual development, Psychosexual development - Oral phase, Psychosexual development - Sadistic-anal phase, Psychosexual development - Phallic phase, Psychosexual development - Latency phase, Psychosexual development - Genital phase

Read more here: » Psychosexual development: Encyclopedia II - Psychosexual development - Phallic phase

WARLOCK:

1) "Oath Breaker" and "Traitor", from Scottish Gaelic dialect. Also refers to the binding of the candidate in preparation for initiation. Wiccans do NOT use this word for a 'male witch'! Its meaning is from the Old English (one source: Scottish) word: waerloga. 

2)A word for an untrustworthy man, an oathbreaker, sometimes an eunuch (castrated male). It's thought to have come into usage by Witches to describe one who had betrayed them.

(See also: WARLOCK, Witchcraft, Wicca, Paganism, Pagan Dictionary)

In animals, castration (removal of the testes) and salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes), called "neutering" or "spaying" when applied to pets, are used to reduce or eliminate sexual behaviour, and to prevent conception, heat and possible uterine diseases in females, potentially prolonging an animal's lifespan. Due to the hormonal changes involved with both genders, this will definitely cause minor personality changes in the animal. When these changes are undesired, a different method of sterilization can be used ...

See also:

Sterilization surgical procedure, Sterilization surgical procedure - Vasectomy, Sterilization surgical procedure - Safety and effectiveness, Sterilization surgical procedure - Reversal, Sterilization surgical procedure - Sterilization of animals

Read more here: » Sterilization surgical procedure: Encyclopedia II - Sterilization surgical procedure - Sterilization of animals

Trap-Neuter-Return begins with the trapping of feral cats using humane cage traps. The captured feral cats are taken (in the trap) to a veterinary clinic where they are sterilized by the castration of males and spaying of females. Typical TNR programs also involve providing the cats vaccinations against certain diseases like rabies, feline panleukopenia, herpes, and calicivirus. Finally the cats are marked so that they can be easily identified as a sterilized feral, usually by cropping the pointed end of the ear so that it has a square appearance (known as ear tipping) or ...

See also:

Trap-Neuter-Return, Trap-Neuter-Return - TNR methodology, Trap-Neuter-Return - Rationale given for use, Trap-Neuter-Return - Controversy surrounding TNR

Read more here: » Trap-Neuter-Return: Encyclopedia II - Trap-Neuter-Return - TNR methodology

Relying on material from his self-analysis and on anthropological studies of totemism, Freud developed the Oedipus complex as an explanation of the formation of the superego. The traditional paradigm in a (male) child's psychological coming-into-being is to first select the mother as the object of libidinal investment. This however is expected to arouse the father's anger, and the infant surmises that the most probable outcome of this would be castration. Although Freud devoted most of his early literature to the Oedipus complex in males, by ...

See also:

Oedipus complex, Oedipus complex - Theory of the Oedipus complex, Oedipus complex - Little Hans: a case study by Freud, Oedipus complex - Critiques of the Oedipus Complex, Oedipus complex - Philosophy and the Oedipus Complex

Read more here: » Oedipus complex: Encyclopedia II - Oedipus complex - Theory of the Oedipus complex

In the 1970s and 1980s, suspected gay men and lesbians in the South African Defense Force were forced to undergo torture and gross maltreatment, including aversion therapy and chemical castration. Aversion therapy sometimes involved applying electric current, via electrodes, to men while they were shown pictures of naked men. The current would be turned off when photographs of naked women were shown. Historically, in the Western world, injections of apomorphine were used, resulting in violent illness. At least one person has died as a result. This ...

See also:

Aversion therapy, Aversion therapy - Aversion therapy and gay men, Aversion therapy - Popular culture

Read more here: » Aversion therapy: Encyclopedia II - Aversion therapy - Aversion therapy and gay men

Stag Johnny Rottentail (Amy Ray) Laramie (Amy Ray) Lucystoners (Amy Ray) Hey Castrator (Amy Ray) Late Bloom (Amy Ray) Measure of Me (Amy Ray, Kaia Wilson) Black Heart Today (Amy Ray) Mtns of Glory (Amy Ray) Lazyboy (Amy Ray) On Your Honor (Amy Ray) Prom Put It Out for Good (Amy Ray) Driver Education (Amy Ray) Rural Faggot (Amy Ray) Give In (Amy Ray) Covered for You (Amy Ray ...

See also:

Amy Ray, Amy Ray - Discography, Amy Ray - Side projects

Read more here: » Amy Ray: Encyclopedia II - Amy Ray - Discography

Hanging by the neck as form of capital punishment was introduced to Britain by the Anglo-Saxon invaders of the 5th century. By the 10th century it had become a common method of execution. William the Conqueror decreed that hanging should only be used for conspirators or in times of war and ordered that criminals should instead be castrated and have their eyes put out. William Rufus re-introduced hanging but only for those found guilty of poaching royal deer. Henry I brought hanging back as the main means of execution for a whole host of crimes. The first recorded execution at the notorious ...

See also:

Capital punishment in the United Kingdom, Capital punishment in the United Kingdom - Origins, Capital punishment in the United Kingdom - Reform, Capital punishment in the United Kingdom - Abolition, Capital punishment in the United Kingdom - Notable executions

Read more here: » Capital punishment in the United Kingdom: Encyclopedia II - Capital punishment in the United Kingdom - Origins

Abdominal self-surgery is extremely rare. Two well-publicized cases have found their way into the medical literature. The first, in 1979, involved a male student who had already performed a self-castration. He also attempted to reduce the activity of his adrenal glands with an injection of bovine serum albumin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and Freund's adjuvant. When this produced an abscess at the injection site, he resorted to self-surgery. His psychiatrist, Dr. Ned Kalin, reports (Kalin, 1979): At four o'clock ...

See also:

Self-surgery, Self-surgery - Genital self-surgery, Self-surgery - Abdominal self-surgery, Self-surgery - Self-trepanation

Read more here: » Self-surgery: Encyclopedia II - Self-surgery - Abdominal self-surgery

Vasectomy should not be confused with castration: vasectomy does not involve removal of the testicles and it affects neither the production of male sex hormones (mainly testosterone) nor their secretion into the bloodstream. Therefore sexual desire (libido) and the ability to have an erection and an orgasm with an ejaculation are not often affected. Because the sperm itself makes up a very small proportion of the ejaculate, vasectomy does not affect the volume, appearance, texture or flavour of the ejaculate. Similarly, in females, hormone production, libido, ...

See also:

Sterilization surgical procedure, Sterilization surgical procedure - Vasectomy, Sterilization surgical procedure - Safety and effectiveness, Sterilization surgical procedure - Reversal, Sterilization surgical procedure - Sterilization of animals

Read more here: » Sterilization surgical procedure: Encyclopedia II - Sterilization surgical procedure - Vasectomy

There were three: Brontes, Steropes and Arges. Uranus feared their strength and locked them in Tartarus. Later, Cronus, another son of Uranus and Gaia, freed the Cyclopes, along with the Hecatonchires after Uranus was castrated and overthrown by Cronus, but Cronus then placed them back in Tartarus, where they remained, guarded by Campe, until freed by Zeus. They fashioned lightning bolts for Zeus to use as a weapon and helped him overthrow Cronus and the other Titans. The thunderbolts which became Zeus' signature weapon were forged by all three Cyclopes: Arges added brightness, Brontes ...

See also:

Cyclops, Cyclops - First generation, Cyclops - Second generation, Cyclops - Polyphemus, Cyclops - Etymology, Cyclops - Origins, Cyclops - Cyclopean walls

Read more here: » Cyclops: Encyclopedia II - Cyclops - First generation

Xu Pingjun's future husband Liu Bingyi was the only surviving descendant of Liu Ju, Emperor Wu's crown prince who was forced into a failed rebellion in 91 BC when he was still an infant. He was spared, but was made a commoner, and as an orphan had to survive on the largess of others, including his grandfather's old subordinate Zhang He (張賀), who was also castrated by Emperor Wu as punishment fo ...

See also:

Empress Xu Pingjun, Empress Xu Pingjun - Family background, Empress Xu Pingjun - Marriage to then-commoner Liu Bingyi, Empress Xu Pingjun - As empress, Empress Xu Pingjun - Death

Read more here: » Empress Xu Pingjun: Encyclopedia II - Empress Xu Pingjun - Marriage to then-commoner Liu Bingyi

Hesiod is not, however, the last word on the Titans. Surviving fragments of Orphic poetry in particular preserve some variations on the myth. In one Orphic text, Zeus does not simply set upon his father violently. Instead, Rhea spreads out a banquet for Cronus, so that he becomes drunk upon honey. Zeus chains him and castrates him. Rather than being consigned to Tartarus, Cronus is dragged – still drunk – to the cave of ...

See also:

Titan mythology, Titan mythology - The Titans in Hesiod, Titan mythology - The Titans in other Greek sources, Titan mythology - The Titans in the twentieth century, Titan mythology - Titans in Neopaganism, Titan mythology - Titans in Modern Literature

Read more here: » Titan mythology: Encyclopedia II - Titan mythology - The Titans in other Greek sources

The weight of a female varies between 60 and 170 kg. In some subspecies of reindeer, the male is slightly larger; in others, the male can weigh up to 300 kg. Both sexes grow antlers, which (in the Scandinavian variety) for old males fall off in December, for young males in the spring and for females during the summer. This means that all of Santa's Reindeer are females, or castrated males. The antlers typically have two separate groups of points (see image), a lower and upper. Domesticated animals (reindeer) are shorter-legged and heavier th ...

See also:

Reindeer, Reindeer - Habitat, Reindeer - Anatomy, Reindeer - Population, Reindeer - Diseases and threats, Reindeer - Reindeer and humans, Reindeer - Economy, Reindeer - Local names, Reindeer - Subspecies, Reindeer - Trivia, Reindeer - Famous Reindeer

Read more here: » Reindeer: Encyclopedia II - Reindeer - Anatomy

The age of opera seria corresponded with the rise to prominence of the castrati, often prodigiously gifted male singers who had undergone castration before puberty in order to retain a high high, powerful soprano voice backed by decades of rigorous musical training. They were cast in heroic male roles, alongside another new breed of operatic creature, the prima donna. The rise of these star singers with formidable technical skills spurred composers to write increasingly complex vocal music, and many operas of the time were written as ...

See also:

Opera seria, Opera seria - Structure, Opera seria - Metastasio, Opera seria - The age of opera seria

Read more here: » Opera seria: Encyclopedia II - Opera seria - The age of opera seria

The Old Believers movement also gave birth to several marginal break-off groups such as: the Skoptzy (Скопцы), who practiced castration of men and removal of breasts from women in order to enforce sexual abstinence; the Beguny (Бегуны), who treated any official papers (like passports) as marks of the Antichrist; the Duhobory (Духоборы), who rejected the idea of the Trinity; and others. However, these break-off groups were always considered ...

See also:

Old Believers, Old Believers - History, Old Believers - The rubrics of Studion, Old Believers - Reform based on books used by Greeks unified with Rome, Old Believers - Philosophy, Old Believers - Differences between the Old Believers and new style Russian Orthodoxy, Old Believers - Denominations, Old Believers - Break-off sects, Old Believers - Similarities between Old believers and Protestants, Old Believers - Modern situation, Old Believers - Old Believer Churches

Read more here: » Old Believers: Encyclopedia II - Old Believers - Break-off sects

Hesiod

(c 700 bc) A Greek poet In the Theogony he describes the genealogy of the Olympian gods, of whom Zeus was king, and how they came to power and suppressed revolts against their authority.

After praising the muses, divine patrons of the arts, the poet describes the origin of the universe in terms of mating and procreation. The first ruler of the gods was Ouranos ("Sky") and Gaia ("Earth"). Ouranos was overthrown by his children, the Titans, led by Kronos, who castrated his father. Kronos swallowed his own children by Rhea, until she tricked him by giving him a stone to swallow in place of the infant Zeus, who grew up to overthrow his father. The succession of dynasties clearly reflects the succession myth known in the ancient Near East.

For Hesiod, Zeus is not only the ultimate victor in the struggles between the gods but the guarantor of justice and human morality.

(See also: Hesiod, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Hesiod

(c 700 bc) A Greek poet In the Theogony he describes the genealogy of the Olympian gods, of whom Zeus was king, and how they came to power and suppressed revolts against their authority.

After praising the muses, divine patrons of the arts, the poet describes the origin of the universe in terms of mating and procreation. The first ruler of the gods was Ouranos ("Sky") and Gaia ("Earth"). Ouranos was overthrown by his children, the Titans, led by Kronos, who castrated his father. Kronos swallowed his own children by Rhea, until she tricked him by giving him a stone to swallow in place of the infant Zeus, who grew up to overthrow his father. The succession of dynasties clearly reflects the succession myth known in the ancient Near East.

For Hesiod, Zeus is not only the ultimate victor in the struggles between the gods but the guarantor of justice and human morality.

(See also: Hesiod, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)