Dictionary - Cartography: Oceanography Dictionary - Cartography
  Definition and meaning of cartography:   cartography - the science, technology, and art of making maps and charts. Cart...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cartography: Encyclopedia - Cartography
Cartography or mapmaking (in Greek chartis = map and graphein = write) is the study and practice of making maps or globes. Maps have trad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cartography: Encyclopedia Ii - Cartography - Naming Conventions
There are several ways to name the places on a map. Early explorers named them in several ways — after themselves, people in their home...   » Read the article

Article - Sufism: The Sufi Understanding Of The Enneagram
Enneagram: The Sufi Enneagram explored as a way of becoming aware of how the pains of the heart can blurr out the reality of our essence ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography - Geographic Techniques
As spatial interrelationships are key to this synoptic science, maps are a key tool. Classical cartography has been joined by a more mode...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth - Descriptions Of Earth
Earth has often been personified as a deity, in particular a goddess (see Gaia and Mother Earth). The Chinese earth goddess Hu-Tu is simi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Longitude: Encyclopedia Ii - Longitude - History Of The Measurement Of Longitude
Longitude - The search for a solution. The measurement of longitude is important to both cartography and navigation. Historically, the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Flat Earth: Encyclopedia Ii - Flat Earth - The Middle Ages
Flat Earth - Early Middle Ages. Europe's view of the world between 600 and 1000 is difficult to determine because of the general scarci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-khwarizmi: Encyclopedia - Al-khwarizmi
Al-Khwarizmi was an Iranian astrologer, mathematician, astronomer, scientist, and author born around 800 and died around 840. The word Al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth - Environment And Ecosystem
Earth is the only place in the universe where life is absolutely known to exist, and some scientists believe that biospheres might be rar...   » Read the article

Article - Oceanography Sitemap I - C
This is a sitemap for Oceanography - C . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. The ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christopher Columbus: Encyclopedia Ii - Christopher Columbus - Columbus' Campaign For Funding
Columbus first presented his plan to the court of Portugal in 1485. The king's experts believed that the route would be longer than Colum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earth: Encyclopedia Ii - Earth - Physical Characteristics
See also: Geology The Earth consists of several atmospheric, hydrologic, and mainly geologic layers. Its components are the atmosphere, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biruni: Encyclopedia - Biruni
ابوريحان بيرونى Abu Raihan Biruni (also, Abu Rihan Muhammad bin Ahmad, Al-Biruni, Alberuni Persian: ابوریحان بیر...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydrography: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydrography - Overview
Large scale hydrography is usually undertaken by national or international organizations that sponsor data collection through precise sur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydrography: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydrography - Overview:
Large scale hydrography is usually undertaken by national or international organizations that sponsor data collection through precise sur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Distortion: Encyclopedia - Distortion
A distortion is the (usually) undesirable alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of an object, image, sound, waveform...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography: Encyclopedia - Geography
Geography is the study of the locational and spatial variation of both natural and human phenomena on Earth. The word derives from the Gr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Data: Encyclopedia - Data
Data is the plural of datum. A datum is a statement accepted at face value (a "given"). A large class of practically important statements...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christopher Columbus: Encyclopedia - Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (1451 – 20 May 1506) was an explorer and trader who crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached the Americas on October...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Dee: Encyclopedia - John Dee
John Dee (July 13, 1527 – 1608 or 1609) was a noted British mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, occultist, and consultan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia - Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: 元朝 or 大元帝國) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also call...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aerial Photography: Encyclopedia - Aerial Photography
Aerial photography is the taking of photographs from above with a camera mounted on an aircraft, balloon, rocket, kite, skydiver or simil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture Of Greece: Encyclopedia - Culture Of Greece
The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, with its beginnings in Ancient Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conformal Map: Encyclopedia - Conformal Map
In mathematics, a conformal map is a function which preserves angles. More formally, a map w = f(z) is called conformal (or angle-prese...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - U.s. National Geodetic Survey: Encyclopedia - U.s. National Geodetic Survey
The National Geodetic Survey is the successor agency in the United States to the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. It was first established...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery
The so-called Age of Discovery was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, during which European...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas: Encyclopedia - Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas
A monument of cartography is "Andrees Allgemeiner Handatlas" (after Richard Andree, 1835-1912), published by Velhagen & Klasing in Bi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 2d Computer Graphics: Encyclopedia - 2d Computer Graphics
2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images—mostly from two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Map: Encyclopedia - Map
A map is a simplified depiction of a space, a navigational aid which highlights relations between objects within that space. Most usually...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Projection: Encyclopedia - Projection
The word projection has several uses. In digital identity, a transaction. See also link contracts In chemistry: Fischer projection Hawo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cone: Encyclopedia - Cone
A cone is a basic geometrical shape: see cone (solid). Several things have also been called "cones" on account of their shape: A volcani...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atlas Mira: Encyclopedia - Atlas Mira
Although initially Russian cartography could not glory in original work - the "Atlas Marxa" (1905), for example, is merely a translation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydrography: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydrography - History
Hydrography's origin lies in the making of maps done by geographers in by means drawings and notations made by individual mariners. These...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Computer-aided Design: Encyclopedia - Computer-aided Design
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of a wide range of computer-based tools that assist engineers, architects and other design profess...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Minute Of Arc: Encyclopedia - Minute Of Arc
A minute of arc, arcminute, or MOA is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60) of one degree. Since one degree is defi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydrography: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydrography - History
Hydrography's origin lies in the making of maps done by geographers in by means drawings and notations made by individual mariners. These...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cartesian Coordinate System: Encyclopedia - Cartesian Coordinate System
Cartesian means relating to the French mathematician and philosopher Descartes, who, among other things, worked to merge algebra and Eucl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Athanasius Kircher: Encyclopedia - Athanasius Kircher
Athanasius Kircher (sometimes spelt Kirchner) (May 2, 1601?–27 November 1680) was a 17th century German Jesuit scholar who published ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cartouche: Encyclopedia - Cartouche
A cartouche, in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is an oblong enclosure with a vertical line at one end, indicating that the text enclosed is a roya...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Technology: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Technology - By Period And Geography
History of technology - Early technology. Fire used since the paleolithic, possibly by homo erectus as early as 800,000 years ago Clot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperstition: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperstition - Hyperstition And Theory
According to the theorists of hyperstition, hyperstition (loosely defined as fictional quantities that make themselves real) can be follo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Flat Earth: Encyclopedia Ii - Flat Earth - Antiquity
Belief in a flat Earth is found in humankind's oldest writings. In early Mesopotamian thought the world was portrayed as a flat disk floa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Map Projection: Encyclopedia Ii - Map Projection - Projections By Surface
Map projection - Cylindrical. The term "cylindrical projection" is used to refer to any projection in which meridians are mapped to equ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Distance Geometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Distance Geometry - Introduction
A straight line is the shortest path between two points. Therefore the distance from A to B is no bigger than the length of the straight-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Imaginary Number: Encyclopedia Ii - Imaginary Number - Geometric Interpretation
Geometrically, we find the imaginary numbers on the vertical axis of the complex number plane, allowing them to be presented orthogonal t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Leiden University Library: Encyclopedia Ii - Leiden University Library - Special Collections
Leiden University Library - Western Manuscripts. The collection Western Manuscripts contains all western manuscripts (including 2,500 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ole Rømer: Encyclopedia Ii - Ole Rømer - Rømer And The Speed Of Light
The determination of longitude is a significant practical problem in cartography and navigation. King Philip III of Spain offered a prize...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ocean Exploration: Encyclopedia Ii - Ocean Exploration - Timeline Of Ocean Exploration
Ocean exploration - Early exploration. 4500 B.C. Around this time, coastal cultures like those in Greece and China began diving into t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - National Geospatial-intelligence Agency: Encyclopedia Ii - National Geospatial-intelligence Agency - History
The U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) prior to the 2004 Defense Authorization Bill September-October 2003 State of the A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - On Exactitude In Science: Encyclopedia Ii - On Exactitude In Science - Plot
The story elaborates on a conceit in Lewis Carroll's Sylvie and Bruno: a fictional map that had "the scale of a mile to the mile." One of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-khwarizmi: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-khwarizmi - Biography
It is not certain where al-Khwarizmi was born. His name indicates he might have came from Khwarizm in the Khorasan province of Persia (no...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sea Monster: Encyclopedia Ii - Sea Monster - Overview
The decorative drawings of heraldic dolphins and sea monsters that were frequently used throughout history to illustrate maps died away w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of Greece - Art And Architecture
The art and architecture of ancient Greece have greatly influenced Western art through the present day. Byzantine art and architecture al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Petrus Apianus: Encyclopedia Ii - Petrus Apianus - Life And Work
He was born as Peter Bienewitz (or Bennewitz) in Leisnig in Saxony; his father was a shoemaker. The family was relatively well off, belon...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nord Elder Scrolls: Encyclopedia Ii - Nord Elder Scrolls - Society
Today, Nordic society still exists largely as it always has, and may varyingly be described as a peasant state. Contrary to the habits of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stereographic Projection: Encyclopedia Ii - Stereographic Projection - Formula
Stereographic projection - Polar coordinates. On a sphere, let φ be azimuth and θ be co-latitude (angular distance from the pole). Le...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Trigonometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Trigonometry - Early History
The origins of trigonometry trace to the cultures of the ancient Egyptian, Babylonian and Indus Valley civilizations, over 4000-5000 year...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Yuan Dynasty - Birth Of The Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire. Temujin, later to be more prominently known as Genghis Khan, was the first in the line of Yuan ruler...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uses Of Trigonometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Uses Of Trigonometry - How These Fields Interact With Trigonometry
The fact that these fields make use of trigonometry does not mean knowledge of trigonometry is needed in order to learn anything about th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842: Encyclopedia Ii - United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842 - Preparations
In May, 1828, the United States Congress, after prodding by President John Quincy Adams, voted to send an expedition round the world, it ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Louis Feuillée: Encyclopedia Ii - Louis Feuillée - South American Discoveries
During this South American voyage, he had described and mapped the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, the Río de la Plata, the Sebald Islan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Limehouse: Encyclopedia Ii - Limehouse - History
From its earliest days, Limehouse, like neighbouring Wapping, has followed the sea. This was one of London's most important ports from la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christopher Columbus: Encyclopedia Ii - Christopher Columbus - Voyages
Christopher Columbus - First voyage. The year 1492, on the evening of August 3, Columbus left from Palos with three ships, the Santa Ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Reformation In Switzerland: Encyclopedia Ii - Reformation In Switzerland - Development Of Protestantism
As part of their struggle for independence, the Swiss cantons had already in the 15th century sought to limit the influence of the Church...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Trigonometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Trigonometry - About Trigonometry
Two triangles are said to be similar if one can be obtained by uniformly expanding the other. This is the case if and only if their corre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-khwarizmi: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-khwarizmi - Biography
It is not certain where al-Khwarizmi was born. His name indicates he might have came from Khwarizm in the Khorasan province of Persia (no...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dieppe Seine-maritime: Encyclopedia Ii - Dieppe Seine-maritime - History
First recorded as a small fishing settlement in 1030, Dieppe was an important prize fought over during the Hundred Years' War. Dieppe hou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Graph Drawing: Encyclopedia Ii - Graph Drawing - Methods
Graphs are usually represented pictorially using dots to represent vertices, and arcs to represent the edges between connected vertices. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography - Structure Of Geography
William Hughes - who taught the geography of the Holy Lands to divinity students at King's College London - defined geography in an addre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antonio Pigafetta: Encyclopedia Ii - Antonio Pigafetta - Voyage
In Seville, he heard of the trip of Magellan, and negotiated to be admitted as a paying passenger. In spite of initial difficulties with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yuan Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Yuan Dynasty - Birth Of The Yuan
Yuan Dynasty - Founding an Empire. Temujin, later to be more prominently known as Genghis Khan, was the first in the line of Yuan ruler...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geographic Information System: Encyclopedia Ii - Geographic Information System - Techniques Used In Gis
Geographic information system - Relating information from different sources. If you could relate information about the rainfall of your...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christopher Columbus: Encyclopedia Ii - Christopher Columbus - Voyages
Christopher Columbus - First voyage. The year 1492, on the evening of August 3, Columbus left from Palos with three ships, the Santa Ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cartesian Coordinate System: Encyclopedia Ii - Cartesian Coordinate System - Three-dimensional Coordinate System
Sometime in the early 19th century the third dimension of measurement was added, using the z-axis. The coordinates in a three dimensiona...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conformal Map: Encyclopedia Ii - Conformal Map - Complex Analysis
An important family of examples of conformal maps comes from complex analysis. If U is an open subset of the complex plane, C, then a fun...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Data: Encyclopedia Ii - Data - Uses Of Data In Computing
Raw data are numbers, characters, images or other outputs from devices to convert physical quantities into symbols, in a very broad sense...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Distortion: Encyclopedia Ii - Distortion - Electronic Signals
In telecommunication and signal processing, distortion occurs when the output of a "system" is different from what is expected under idea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Computer-aided Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Computer-aided Design - Fields Of Use
Computer-aided design - Architecture. The software package may produce its results in several formats, but typically provides a graphic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-khwarizmi: Encyclopedia Ii - Al-khwarizmi - Introduction
Khwarizmi was born in the town of Khwarizm (now Khiva), in Khorasan province of Persia (now in Uzbekistan). Some historians argue though ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - John Dee: Encyclopedia Ii - John Dee - Biography
John Dee - Early life. Dee was born in Tower Ward, London to a Welsh family, whose surname derived from the Welsh du ("black"). His fat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Map: Encyclopedia Ii - Map - Introduction
Map-making dates back to the Stone Age and appears to predate written language by several millennia. One of the oldest surviving maps is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 2d Computer Graphics: Encyclopedia Ii - 2d Computer Graphics - 2d Graphics Techniques
2D graphics models may combine geometric models (also called vector graphics), digital images (also called raster graphics), text to be t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Of Discovery - Exploration By Land
The prelude to the Age of Exploration was a series of European expeditions crossing Eurasia by land in the late Middle Ages. While the Mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography - Structure Of Geography
William Hughes - who taught the geography of the Holy Lands to divinity students at King's College London - defined geography in an addre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Athanasius Kircher: Encyclopedia Ii - Athanasius Kircher - Works
Kircher published a large number of substantial books on a very wide variety of subjects, such as Egyptology, geology, and music theory. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of Greece - Art And Architecture
The art and architecture of ancient Greece have greatly influenced Western art through the present day. Byzantine art and architecture al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of Greece - Philosophy, Science And Mathematics
Main article: Greek philosophy The tradition of philosophy in Ancient Greece also added to the literary works. Greek learning has had a p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Computer-aided Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Computer-aided Design - Software Providers Today
This is an ever changing industry with many well know products and companies being taken over and merged with others. There are many CAD ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Trigonometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Trigonometry - Trigonometry Today
There are an enormous number of applications of trigonometry. Of particular value is the technique of triangulation which is used in astr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Map Projection: Encyclopedia Ii - Map Projection - Projections By Preservation Of A Metric Property
Map projection - Conformal. Conformal map projections preserve angles locally: Mercator Stereographic Lambert conformal conic Map pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uses Of Trigonometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Uses Of Trigonometry - Statistics Including Mathematical Psychology
Some psychologists have claimed that intelligence quotients are distributed according to the celebrated bell-shaped curve. About 40% of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antonio Pigafetta: Encyclopedia Ii - Antonio Pigafetta - Return
In the battle in which Magellan was killed in Mactan, Philippines, Pigafetta was wounded. Nevertheless, he managed to recover and was amo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age Of Discovery: Encyclopedia Ii - Age Of Discovery - Exploration Begins In Portugal
It was not until the carrack and then the caravel were developed in Iberia that European thoughts returned to the fabled East. These expl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christopher Columbus: Encyclopedia Ii - Christopher Columbus - Early Life
There are various versions of Columbus' origins and life before 1476. (See Columbus' national origin.) The account that has traditionally...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christopher Columbus: Encyclopedia Ii - Christopher Columbus - Columbus' National Origin
Although the vast majority of historians consider him Italian, various doubts have been expressed regarding Columbus's national origin. E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography - History Of Geography
The Greeks are the first known culture to actively explore geography as a science and philosophy. Mapping by the Romans as they explored ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography - Related Fields
Geography - Urban regional and spatial planning. Urban planning, regional planning and spatial planning use the science of geography to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of Greece - Cuisine
Main article: Greek cuisine Greeks are reputed for their healthy Mediterranean diet. The cuisine of Greece has influences from Italian, B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geographic Information System: Encyclopedia Ii - Geographic Information System - History Of Development
35,000 years ago, on the walls of caves near Lascaux, France, Cro-Magnon hunters drew pictures of the animals they hunted. Associated wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christopher Columbus: Encyclopedia Ii - Christopher Columbus - Perceptions Of Columbus
Christopher Columbus has had a cultural significance beyond his actual achievements and actions as an individual; he also became a symbol...   » Read the article