Carthago Nova

Abdera was an ancient seaport town on the south coast of Spain, between Malaca (now Málaga) and Carthago Nova (now Cartagena), in the district inhabited by the Bastuli. It was founded by the Carthaginians as a trading station, and after a period of decline became under the Romans one of the more important towns in the province of Hispania Baetica. It was situated on a hill above the modern Adra. Of its coins the most ancient bear the Phoenician inscription abdrt with the head of Heracles (Melkarth) and a tunny-fi ...

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Abdera was an ancient seaport town on the south coast of Spain, between Malaca (now Málaga) and Carthago Nova (now Cartagena), in the district inhabited by the Bastuli. It was founded by the Carthaginians as a trading station, and after a period of decline became under the Romans one of the more important towns in the province of Hispania Baetica. It was situated on a hill above the modern Adra. Of its coins the most ancient bear the Phoenician inscription abdrt with the head of Heracles (Melkarth) and a tunny-fi ...

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The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century and created a state in North Africa, centered on the city of Carthage. The Vandals may have given their name to the province of Andalusia (originally, Vandalusia, then Arabic Al-Andalus), in the south of Spain, where they temporarily settled before pushing on to Africa. The Goth Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths and regent of the Visigoths, was allied by marriage with the Vandals, as well as with the Burgund ...

Including:

• Vandals - Origins
• Vandals - History
• Vandals - Gaul
• Vandals - Iberia
• Vandals - Africa
• Vandals - Sack of Rome
• Vandals - Decline
• Vandals - List of kings
• Vandals - Vandalic language
• Vandals - Modern heritage

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC - 200s BC - 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC Years: 214 BC 213 BC 212 BC 211 BC 210 BC - 209 BC - 208 BC 207 BC 206 BC 205 BC 204 BC Events Second Punic War: In a surprise assault, the Romans under Scipio Africanus Major captured Carthago Nova, the most important city in Carthaginian Spain. Fabius Maximus captures Tarentum through treachery.

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Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC - 230s BC - 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC Years: 235 BC 234 BC 233 BC 232 BC 231 BC - 230 BC - 229 BC 228 BC 227 BC 226 BC 225 BC Events Sieve of Eratosthenes developed. The Roman Lucius Coruncanius is assaulted and killed while on a diplomatic mission to Queen Teuta, an event leading to the First Illyrian War. Temple of Horus built by Ptolemy II ...

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For other places of the same name, see Cartagena. Cartagena is a seaport in southeast Spain on the Mediterranean Sea, in the autonomous community of Murcia. The coordinates of Cartagena are 37°36′N 0°59′W. It is a walled town and has a fine harbor defended by forts. In the time of Philip II of Spain, it was a major naval seaport of Spain. It's still an imp ...

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Hannibal anticipated that a consular army would move along the coast towards Hispania, and so took a combined army of 40,000 North Africans and Iberians across southern France by an inland route and crossed the Alps over the winter. His invasion of Italia came as a surprise to the Romans, for he had constructed no fleet, and it was believed his army could not possibly make it through the mountains. Indeed, it sustained very heavy casualties, including all but three of his 37 war elephants. Nevertheless, that spring he came into Northe ...

See also:

Second Punic War, Second Punic War - Background, Second Punic War - The war in Italy, Second Punic War - The war in Hispania, Second Punic War - The attack on Carthage, Second Punic War - Results, Second Punic War - List of battles

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Spain - Prehistory. The indigenous peoples peoples of the Iberian peninsula, consisting of a number of separate tribes, are given the generic name of Iberians. This may have included the Basques, as one of the pre-Celtic people. The most important culture of this period is that of the city of Tartessos. Beginning in the 9th century BC, Celtic tribes entered the Iberian peninsula through the Pyrenees and settled throughout the peninsula, becoming the Celtiberians. The seafaring Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians successively settled along the ...

See also:

Spain, Spain - History, Spain - Prehistory, Spain - Roman Empire, Spain - Muslim Spain, Spain - The Fall of Muslim Rule, Spain - From the Renaissance to the 19th Century, Spain - 20th century, Spain - 21st century, Spain - Politics, Spain - Administrative divisions, Spain - Autonomous communities, Spain - Provinces, Spain - Places of sovereignty, Spain - Geography, Spain - Most populous metropolitan areas, Spain - Territorial disputes, Spain - Economy, Spain - Demographics, Spain - Identities, Spain - Minority groups, Spain - Religion, Spain - International rankings, Spain - Other images

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Scipio Africanus - Early years. Scipio was present at the disastrous Battle of Ticinus (where, according to one tradition, he saved his father's life); and those at the Trebia and at Cannae. Even after the last of these defeats at the hands of the Carthaginians, he was resolutely focused on securing Roman victory. On hearing that Lucius Caecilius Metellus and other politicians were at the point of giving up the struggle and quitting Italy in despair, he gathered what few followers he could find and stormed into the meeting, where at sword-point he forced all present to swear that th ...

See also:

Scipio Africanus, Scipio Africanus - Biography, Scipio Africanus - Early years, Scipio Africanus - Campaign in Hispania, Scipio Africanus - African Campaign, Scipio Africanus - Syria, Scipio Africanus - Allegations of Corruption, Scipio Africanus - Opinions, Scipio Africanus - Music, Scipio Africanus - Notes

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Before his main attack, Scipio sent one detachment to block the entrance to the valley separating the two armies and one to the road leading north to Baecula, thus providing security to his main force while harassing any Carthaginian attempt to retreat. After these preliminary deployments were done, the Roman light troops advanced against their Carthaginian counterparts on the first step. Despite the steep slope and under a shower of missile attack, the Romans had little difficulty driving back the Carthaginian light tr ...

See also:

Battle of Baecula, Battle of Baecula - Prelude, Battle of Baecula - Battle, Battle of Baecula - Aftermath

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Main article: History of Spain Spain - Prehistory. The aboriginal peoples of the Iberian peninsula, consisting of a number of separate tribes, are given the generic name of Iberians. This may have included the Basques, the only pre-Celtic people in Iberia surviving to the present day as a separate ethnic group. The most important culture of this period is that of the city of Tartessos. Beginning in the 9th century BC, Celtic tribes entered the Iberian peninsula through the Pyrenees and settled throughout the peni ...

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Spain, Spain - History, Spain - Prehistory, Spain - Roman Empire, Spain - Muslim Spain, Spain - The Fall of Muslim Rule, Spain - From the Renaissance to the 19th Century, Spain - 20th century, Spain - 21st century, Spain - Politics, Spain - Administrative divisions, Spain - Autonomous communities, Spain - Provinces, Spain - Places of sovereignty, Spain - Geography, Spain - Most populous metropolitan areas, Spain - Territorial disputes, Spain - Economy, Spain - Demographics, Spain - Identities, Spain - Minority groups, Spain - Religion, Spain - International rankings, Spain - Other images

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The Carthaginians established a permanent trading depot on the Murcian coast at Cartagena, which the Romans called Carthago Nova. For the Carthaginian traders, the mountainous territory was merely the Iberian hinterland of their seacoast emporium. Roman Murcia was a part of the province of Hispania Tarraconensis. Under the Moors, who introduced the large-scale irrigation on which Murcian agriculture depends, the province was known as Todmir; it included, according to Idrisi, the 11th century Arab cartographer based in Sicily, the cities of M ...

See also:

Murcia autonomous community, Murcia autonomous community - History, Murcia autonomous community - Culture, Murcia autonomous community - Communications, Murcia autonomous community - External link

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Scipio Africanus - Early years. Scipio was born in Rome into the highly political Cornelii family. Scipio was present at the disastrous Battle of Ticinus (where, according to one tradition, he saved his father's life); and those at the Trebia and at Cannae. Even after the last of these defeats at the hands of the Carthaginians, he was resolutely focused on securing Roman victory. On hearing that Lucius Caecilius Metellus and other politicians were at the point of giving up the struggle and quitting Italy i ...

See also:

Scipio Africanus, Scipio Africanus - Biography, Scipio Africanus - Early years, Scipio Africanus - Campaign in Hispania, Scipio Africanus - African Campaign, Scipio Africanus - Syria, Scipio Africanus - Allegations of Corruption, Scipio Africanus - Opinions, Scipio Africanus - Music, Scipio Africanus - Notes

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The historian Herodotus recorded (2.44): In the wish to get the best information that I could on these matters, I made a voyage to Tyre in Phoenicia, hearing there was a temple of Heracles at that place, very highly venerated. I visited the temple, and found it richly adorned with a number of offerings, among which were two pillars, one of pure gold, the other of smaragdos, shining with great brilliancy at night. In a conversation which I held with the priests, I inquired how long their temple had been built, and found by their ...

See also:

Melqart, Melqart - Cult, Melqart - Mythology

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Leander, enjoying an elite position in the secure surroundings of tolerated Catholic culture in Seville, became at first a Benedictine monk, and then 579 he was appointed bishop of Seville. In the meantime he founded a celebrated school, which soon became a center of Catholic learning. As Bishop he had access to the Catholic Merovingian princess Ingunthis, who had come as a bride for the kingdom's heir, and he worked tirelessly with her to convert her husband Hermenegild, the eldest son of Liuvigild, an act of court intrigue that cannot hone ...

See also:

Leander of Seville, Leander of Seville - Family, Leander of Seville - Life, Leander of Seville - Works

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The Vandals were divided in two tribal groups, the Silingi and the Hasdingi. The Silingi lived in an area recorded for centuries as Magna Germania, now Silesia. In the 2nd century, the Hasdingi, led by the kings Raus and Rapt (or Rhaus and Raptus) moved south, and first attacked the Romans in the lower Danube area, then made peace and settled in western Dacia (Romania) and Roman Hungary. In 400 or 401, possibly because of attacks by the Huns, the Vandals along with their allies, (the Sarmatian Alans and Germanic Suebians), star ...

See also:

Vandals, Vandals - Origins, Vandals - History, Vandals - Gaul, Vandals - Iberia, Vandals - Africa, Vandals - Sack of Rome, Vandals - Decline, Vandals - List of kings, Vandals - Vandalic language, Vandals - Modern heritage

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The Spanish Constitution, although affirming the sovereignty of the Spanish Nation, recognizes historical nationalities. The Castilian-derived Spanish (called both español and castellano in the language itself) is the official language throughout Spain, but other regional languages are also spoken. Without mentioning them by name, the Spanish Constitution recognizes the possibility of regional languages being co-official in their respective autonomous communities. The following languages are co-official with Span ...

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Spain, Spain - History, Spain - Prehistory, Spain - Roman Empire, Spain - Muslim Spain, Spain - The Fall of Muslim Rule, Spain - From the Renaissance to the 19th Century, Spain - 20th century, Spain - 21st century, Spain - Politics, Spain - Administrative divisions, Spain - Autonomous communities, Spain - Provinces, Spain - Places of sovereignty, Spain - Geography, Spain - Most populous metropolitan areas, Spain - Territorial disputes, Spain - Economy, Spain - Demographics, Spain - Identities, Spain - Minority groups, Spain - Religion, Spain - International rankings, Spain - Other images

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After Scipio’s surprise attack and capture of Carthago Nova, the three Carthaginian armies in Spain remained separated, and their generals at odds with each other, thus giving the Romans a chance to deal with them one by one. Early in 208 BC, Scipio moved against Hasdrubal, whose force wintered at Baecula, on the upper reached of the river Baetis (modern day Guadalquiver). Upon learning the approach of the Romans, Hasdrubal shifted his camp to a strong defensive position — a high and deep plateau south of Baecula, protected ...

See also:

Battle of Baecula, Battle of Baecula - Prelude, Battle of Baecula - Battle, Battle of Baecula - Aftermath

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The Spanish Constitution of 1978, in its second article, recognizes historic entities ("nationalities," a carefully chosen word in order to avoid "nations") and regions, inside the unity of the Spanish nation. But Spain's identity is sometimes, in fact, an overlap of different regional identities, some of them even conflicting. Castile is considered by many to be the "core" of Spain. However, this may just be a reflection of the fact that the Castilian national identity was the first one to be quashed by the Spanish Empire in the revolt of the Communa ...

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Spain, Spain - History, Spain - Prehistory, Spain - Roman Empire, Spain - Muslim Spain, Spain - The Fall of Muslim Rule, Spain - From the Renaissance to the 19th Century, Spain - 20th century, Spain - 21st century, Spain - Politics, Spain - Administrative divisions, Spain - Autonomous communities, Spain - Provinces, Spain - Places of sovereignty, Spain - Geography, Spain - Most populous metropolitan areas, Spain - Territorial disputes, Spain - Economy, Spain - Demographics, Spain - Identities, Spain - Minority groups, Spain - Religion, Spain - International rankings, Spain - Other images

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Spain's mixed capitalist economy supports a GDP that on a per capita basis is 87% that of the four leading West European economies. The centre-right government of former Prime Minister Aznar successfully worked to gain admission to the first group of countries launching the European single currency, the euro, on 1 January 1999. The Aznar administration continued to advocate liberalization, privatisation, and deregulation of the economy and introduced some tax reforms to that end. Unemployment fell steadily under the Aznar and Zapatero admini ...

See also:

Spain, Spain - History, Spain - Prehistory, Spain - Roman Empire, Spain - Muslim Spain, Spain - The Fall of Muslim Rule, Spain - From the Renaissance to the 19th Century, Spain - 20th century, Spain - 21st century, Spain - Politics, Spain - Administrative divisions, Spain - Autonomous communities, Spain - Provinces, Spain - Places of sovereignty, Spain - Geography, Spain - Most populous metropolitan areas, Spain - Territorial disputes, Spain - Economy, Spain - Demographics, Spain - Identities, Spain - Minority groups, Spain - Religion, Spain - International rankings, Spain - Other images

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