Modern paleontology sets ancient life in its contexts, by studying how long-term physical changes of global geography ("paleogeography") and climate ("paleoclimate") have affected the evolution of life, how ecosystems have responded to these changes and have changed the planetary environment in turn, and how these mutual responses have affected today's patterns of biodiversity. So paleontology overlaps with geology, the study of rocks and rock formations, and with botany, biology, zoology, and ecology, fields concerned with living creatures and how they interact. Palynology is the study ...

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Paleontology, Paleontology - Overview, Paleontology - Notable paleontologists, Paleontology - Ficitional paleontologists, Paleontology - Research

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Caecilians are the only order of amphibians which only use internal insemination. The male Caecilians have a penis-like organ, the phallodeum, which is inserted into the cloaca of the female for 2 to 3 hours. About 25% of the species are oviparous (egg-laying); the eggs are guarded by the female. For some species the young Caecilians are already metamorphed when they hatch, other hatch as larvae. The larvae aren't fully aquatic, but spe ...

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Caecilian, Caecilian - Anatomy, Caecilian - Distribution, Caecilian - Reproduction, Caecilian - Origin of the name, Caecilian - Taxonomy, Caecilian - Misc

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Uppsala was originally located a few kilometers to the north, at a location now known as Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala). Today's Uppsala was then called Östra Aros. (Old) Uppsala was, according to medieval writer Adam of Bremen, the main heathen centre of Sweden, and the Temple at Uppsala contained magnificent idols of the Æsir gods. After Christianization in the 11th century, the city withstood the Christian forces for an additional 50 years, but eventually the temple was demolished in the 11th century. As a replacement ...

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Uppsala, Uppsala - History, Uppsala - Politics, Uppsala - Geography, Uppsala - Economy, Uppsala - Universities, Uppsala - Sites of interest, Uppsala - Notable natives

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In addition to the complete absence of wings and of metamorphosis, the Aptera are characterized by peculiar elongate mandibles, with toothed apex and sub-apical grinding surface, like those of certain Crustacea; by the presence between the mandibles and maxillae of a pair of appendages (superlinguae or maxillulae), which are absent or vestigial in all other insects; and, in most genera, by the presence in the adult of abdominal appendages used for locomotion, these latter vary ...

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Aptera, Aptera - Characters, Aptera - Classification, Aptera - Thysanura, Aptera - Collembola, Aptera - Distribution and Habits, Aptera - Geological History, Aptera - Development, Aptera - Bibliography

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Växjö University has 14.000 students (2004). Industries include Alstom and Aerotech Telub. Växjö houses Sweden's only glass museum [1] and is the capital of the "Kingdom of Crystal" [2] and the "Kingdom of Furniture" [3]. The Swedish Emigrant Institute [4] was established in 1965 by the governor Gunnar Helén and resides since then in the House of Emigrants near the Växjö lake in the heart of the city. It contains archives, library, museum, and a research center relating to the emigration period between 1846 and 1930, when 1.3 million (or 20%) of the ...

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Växjö, Växjö - History, Växjö - Notable locations, Växjö - Notable natives

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Although the flowers of most Epidendrum species are rather small and not very showy, these orchids are nevertheless widely cultivated, such as Epidendrum secundum, Epidendrum radicans, Epidendrum ibaguense and Epidendrum cinnabarinum. Most Epidendrum species require intermediate to warm conditions for culture, although a few of the commonly cultivated species, such as Epidendrum radicans grow cool. In Auckland and other sub-tropical regions of New Zealand, the cool growing plants will flower all year round. While they are normally grown in pots, it is also p ...

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Epidendrum, Epidendrum - Distribution and ecology, Epidendrum - Characteristics, Epidendrum - Synonymy, Epidendrum - Species, Epidendrum - Hybrids, Epidendrum - Culture, Epidendrum - Reference, Epidendrum - External link

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Epidendrum apaganoides Epidendrum peperonia ...

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Epidendrum, Epidendrum - Distribution and ecology, Epidendrum - Characteristics, Epidendrum - Synonymy, Epidendrum - Species, Epidendrum - Hybrids, Epidendrum - Culture, Epidendrum - Reference, Epidendrum - External link

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Whereas Linnaeus classified for ease of identification, it is now generally accepted that classification should reflect the Darwinian principle of common descent. Since the 1960s a trend called cladistic taxonomy or cladism has emerged, arranging taxa in an evolutionary tree. If a taxon includes all the descendants of some ancestral form, it is called monophyletic, as opposed to paraphyletic. Other groups are called polyphyletic. A new formal code of nomenclature, the PhyloCode, is currently under development, intended to deal with clades rather than taxa. It is unclear, ...

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Scientific classification, Scientific classification - Modern developments, Scientific classification - Early systems, Scientific classification - Linnaeus, Scientific classification - Examples, Scientific classification - Group suffixes

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Over time, our understanding of the relationships between living things has changed. The greatest change was the widespread acceptance of evolution as the mechanism of biological diversity and species formation. After this, it became generally understood that classifications ought to reflect the phylogeny of organisms, where each taxon should originate from a single ancestral form. In some systems it is generally encouraged that taxa should b ...

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Linnaean taxonomy, Linnaean taxonomy - Example classification: humans, Linnaean taxonomy - Nomenclature, Linnaean taxonomy - Later developments, Linnaean taxonomy - Quotations, Linnaean taxonomy - Reference

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In February 1778, Thunberg left Ceylon for Amsterdam, passing by at the Cape and staying there for two weeks. He finally arrived at Amsterdam in October 1778. He returned to Sweden in 1779. But first he made a short trip to London and made the acquaintance of Sir Joseph Banks. He saw there the Japanese collection from 1680’s of the German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer (1651-1716), who had preceded him at Dejima. He also met Forster, who introduced him to his co ...

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Carl Peter Thunberg, Carl Peter Thunberg - Early Life, Carl Peter Thunberg - Japan, Carl Peter Thunberg - Return to Sweden, Carl Peter Thunberg - Selected publications

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Buildings and locations where the university has activities or which are significantly connected to its history. Asterisk marks buildings which are currently not used by the University. Some of the historic buildings in central Uppsala have had to be let to other activities, as their protected status has made it impossible to make modifications necessary to meet requirements to adjust to the needs for students with disabilities. Uppsala University - University Park and Cathedral area. GustavianumSee also:

Uppsala University, Uppsala University - History, Uppsala University - Before the reformation, Uppsala University - The crisis of the 16th century, Uppsala University - The expansion of the 17th century, Uppsala University - The age of mercantilism and enlightenment, Uppsala University - Organization, Uppsala University - Locations and campus areas, Uppsala University - University Park and Cathedral area, Uppsala University - West of Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - Other locations in wider Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - South of central Uppsala, Uppsala University - North of Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - University Library, Uppsala University - University Hospital, Uppsala University - Life at the University, Uppsala University - Nations and student union, Uppsala University - Art music and sports, Uppsala University - People

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The value of the binomial nomenclature system derives primarily from its economy, its widespread use, and the stability of names it generally favors: Every species can be unambiguously identified with just two words. The same name can be used all over the world, in all languages, avoiding difficulties of translation. Although such stability as exists is far from absolute, the procedures associated with establishing binomial nomenclature tend to favor stability. For example, when species are transferred between ...

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Binomial nomenclature, Binomial nomenclature - History, Binomial nomenclature - Value of binomial nomenclature, Binomial nomenclature - Nomenclature Codes, Binomial nomenclature - Derivation of names, Binomial nomenclature - Binomenal nomenclature

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Main article: List of Uppsala University People As the dominant academic institution in Sweden for several centuries, Uppsala University has ever since its first period of expansion in the early part of the 17th century educated a large proportion of Swedish politicians and civil servants, from 17th century Chancellor of the Realm (rikskansler) Johan Oxenstierna (1611-1657) and Lord Chief Justice (riksdrots) Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie (1622-1686) to the first Social Democratic Prime Minister of Sweden, Hjalmar Br ...

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Uppsala University, Uppsala University - History, Uppsala University - Before the reformation, Uppsala University - The crisis of the 16th century, Uppsala University - The expansion of the 17th century, Uppsala University - The age of mercantilism and enlightenment, Uppsala University - Organization, Uppsala University - Locations and campus areas, Uppsala University - University Park and Cathedral area, Uppsala University - West of Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - Other locations in wider Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - South of central Uppsala, Uppsala University - North of Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - University Library, Uppsala University - University Hospital, Uppsala University - Life at the University, Uppsala University - Nations and student union, Uppsala University - Art music and sports, Uppsala University - People

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With a few exceptions, most notably the sponges (Phylum Porifera), animals have bodies differentiated into separate tissues. These include muscles, which are able to contract and control locomotion, and a nervous system, which sends and processes signals. There is also typically an internal digestive chamber, with one or two openings. Animals with this sort of organization are called metazoans, or eumetazoans when the fo ...

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Animal, Animal - Characteristics, Animal - Structure, Animal - Reproduction and development, Animal - Origin and fossil record, Animal - Groups of animals, Animal - Deuterostomes, Animal - Ecdysozoa, Animal - Platyzoa, Animal - Lophotrochozoa, Animal - History of classification, Animal - Usage of the word animal, Animal - Examples, Animal - Reference

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In August 1775 he arrived at the Dutch factory of the V.O.C. (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) at Dejima, a small artificial island (120 m by 75 m) in the Bay of Nagasaki, connected to the city by a landfill. He was appointed head surgeon (1775-1776) of this trading-post. But, like the Dutch, he was hardly allowed to leave the island. Nevertheless, he was one of the few to be allowed to conduct some botanical research ashore. In order to obtain more specimens, he traded his knowledge of European medicine with Japanese interpreters f ...

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Carl Peter Thunberg, Carl Peter Thunberg - Early Life, Carl Peter Thunberg - Japan, Carl Peter Thunberg - Return to Sweden, Carl Peter Thunberg - Selected publications

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Some well-known types of animals, listed by their common names: alligator alpaca ant antelope badger bat bear bee beetle bird bison butterfly cat chicken chimpanzee cockroach coral cow crocodile deer dinosaur dog dolphin earthworm elephant elk fish fly fox frog< ...

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Animal, Animal - Characteristics, Animal - Structure, Animal - Reproduction and development, Animal - Origin and fossil record, Animal - Groups of animals, Animal - Deuterostomes, Animal - Ecdysozoa, Animal - Platyzoa, Animal - Lophotrochozoa, Animal - History of classification, Animal - Usage of the word animal, Animal - Examples, Animal - Reference

Read more here: » Animal: Encyclopedia II - Animal - Examples

Main article: Uppsala University Library The university library holds about 5.25 million volumes of books and periodicals (131,293 shelf meters), 61,959 manuscripts, 7,133 music prints, and 345,734 maps and other graphic documents. The holdings of the collection of manuscripts and music includes, among other things, the Gothic Bible manuscript Codex Argenteus. The most widely recognized building of the university library is Carolina Rediviva, the "revived Carolina", thus named in reference to Academia Carolina (se ...

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Uppsala University, Uppsala University - History, Uppsala University - Before the reformation, Uppsala University - The crisis of the 16th century, Uppsala University - The expansion of the 17th century, Uppsala University - The age of mercantilism and enlightenment, Uppsala University - Organization, Uppsala University - Locations and campus areas, Uppsala University - University Park and Cathedral area, Uppsala University - West of Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - Other locations in wider Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - South of central Uppsala, Uppsala University - North of Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - University Library, Uppsala University - University Hospital, Uppsala University - Life at the University, Uppsala University - Nations and student union, Uppsala University - Art music and sports, Uppsala University - People

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The Uppsala Academic Hospital or Akademiska sjukhuset, which functions as a teaching hospital for the Faculty of Medicine and the Nursing School, is run by the Uppsala County Council in cooperation with the university. As of 2003, the hospital had 7,719 employees and as of 2004 1,079 places for patients. The university hospital is actually older than the university, as it goes back to the earliest hospital, founded in Uppsala in 1302, much later merged with the university clinic. This was used for 400 years until the great fire ...

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Uppsala University, Uppsala University - History, Uppsala University - Before the reformation, Uppsala University - The crisis of the 16th century, Uppsala University - The expansion of the 17th century, Uppsala University - The age of mercantilism and enlightenment, Uppsala University - Organization, Uppsala University - Locations and campus areas, Uppsala University - University Park and Cathedral area, Uppsala University - West of Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - Other locations in wider Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - South of central Uppsala, Uppsala University - North of Central Uppsala, Uppsala University - University Library, Uppsala University - University Hospital, Uppsala University - Life at the University, Uppsala University - Nations and student union, Uppsala University - Art music and sports, Uppsala University - People

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In 2002, a new giant ape troop was discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo. These apes share many features of both chimpanzees and gorillas. According to a report from BBC News Online [1], the apes have large black faces, are two meters tall and make nests on the ground, all like gorillas. However, they live hundreds of kilometers from any other gorilla troops, and their diet is high in ...

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Ape, Ape - Historical and modern terminology, Ape - Biology, Ape - Cultural aspects, Ape - New Subspecies?, Ape - History of hominoid taxonomy, Ape - Classification and evolution, Ape - Legal status

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A strength of Linnaean taxonomy is that it can be used to develop a simple and practical system for organizing the different kinds of living organisms. The most important aspect of this is the general use of binomial nomenclature, the combination of a genus name and a specific epithet ("sapiens" in the example above), to uniquely identify each species of organism. In the example, humankind is uniquely identified by the binomial Homo sapiens. No other species of animal can have this binomial. In this way, every species is given a uniqu ...

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Linnaean taxonomy, Linnaean taxonomy - Example classification: humans, Linnaean taxonomy - Nomenclature, Linnaean taxonomy - Later developments, Linnaean taxonomy - Quotations, Linnaean taxonomy - Reference

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Most classification schemes in use today are based, at least in part, on Pilsbry's Manual of Conchology (1892-1894), extended and revised by Kaas and Van Belle (1985-1990). Classification method I [2]: Class Polyplacophora Order Neoloricata Family Leptochitonidae include genus Leptochiton Family Afossochitonidae Family Ischnochitonidae include genera Callistochiton, Callochiton, Chaetopleura, Ischnochiton, Lepidochitona ...

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Chiton, Chiton - Structure, Chiton - Name, Chiton - Activities, Chiton - Classification, Chiton - Miscellaneous

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Taxa above the genus level are often given names derived from the Latin (or Latinized) stem of the type genus, plus a standard suffix. The suffixes used to form these names depend on the kingdom, and sometimes the phylum and class, as set out in the table below. Notes The stem of a word may not be straightforward to deduce from the nominative form as it appears in the name of the genus. For example, Latin "homo" (human) has stem "homin-", thus Hominidae, not "Homidae". For animals, there are standard suffixes for taxa on ...

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Scientific classification, Scientific classification - Modern developments, Scientific classification - Early systems, Scientific classification - Linnaeus, Scientific classification - Examples, Scientific classification - Group suffixes

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