Swedish authors of worldwide recognition include Carolus Linnaeus, Emanuel Swedenborg, August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Vilhelm Moberg, Harry Martinson and Astrid Lindgren. Many well-known inventions and discoveries, historical and modern, were made by Swedes. Some notable figures are Alfred Nobel, Anders Celsius, Baltzar von Platen, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, John Ericsson, Anders Jonas Ångström, Lars Magnus Ericsson, Svante Arrhe ...

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Sweden, Sweden - History, Sweden - Pre-history, Sweden - Middle Ages, Sweden - A major power, Sweden - Modern history, Sweden - Recent history, Sweden - Politics, Sweden - Energy politics, Sweden - Economy, Sweden - Welfare state, Sweden - Education, Sweden - Geography, Sweden - Counties, Sweden - Largest cities, Sweden - Demographics, Sweden - Language, Sweden - Culture, Sweden - Music, Sweden - Media, Sweden - Holidays, Sweden - Cuisine, Sweden - Sports, Sweden - Religion, Sweden - Miscellaneous topics, Sweden - International rankings, Sweden - Notes

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The earliest known system of classifying forms of life comes from the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who classified all living organisms know at that time as either a plant or an animal. He futher classified animals based on their means of transportation (air, land, or water). In 1172 Ibn Rushd (Averroes), who was a judge (Qadi) in Seville, translated and abridged Aristotle's book de Anima (On the Soul) into Arabic. His original commentary is now los ...

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Scientific classification, Scientific classification - Modern developments, Scientific classification - Early systems, Scientific classification - Linnaeus, Scientific classification - Examples, Scientific classification - Group suffixes

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The Banksia genus was first described and named by Carolus Linnaeus the Younger in his April 1782 publication Supplementum Plantarum systematis vegetabilium; hence the full name for the genus is "Banksia L.f." The genus name honours the English botanist Sir Joseph Banks, who collected the first Banksia specimens in 1770, during James Cook's first expedition. The name Banksia had in fact already been published in 1775 as Banksia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst, referring to the genus now known as Pimelia< ...

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Banksia, Banksia - Description, Banksia - Distribution and Habitat, Banksia - Ecological aspects, Banksia - Taxonomy, Banksia - Uses and cultural references, Banksia - Gallery

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Swedish authors of worldwide recognition include Carolus Linnaeus, Emanuel Swedenborg, August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Vilhelm Moberg, Harry Martinson and Astrid Lindgren. Many well-known inventions and discoveries, historical and modern, were made by Swedes. Some notable figures are Alfred Nobel, Anders Celsius, Baltzar von Platen, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, John Ericsson, Anders Jonas Ångström, Lars Magnus Ericsson, Svante Arrheni ...

See also:

Sweden, Sweden - History, Sweden - Pre-history, Sweden - Middle Ages, Sweden - A major power, Sweden - Modern history, Sweden - Recent history, Sweden - Politics, Sweden - Energy politics, Sweden - Economy, Sweden - Welfare state, Sweden - Education, Sweden - Geography, Sweden - Counties, Sweden - Largest cities, Sweden - Demographics, Sweden - Language, Sweden - Culture, Sweden - Music, Sweden - Media, Sweden - Holidays, Sweden - Cuisine, Sweden - Sports, Sweden - Religion, Sweden - Miscellaneous topics, Sweden - International rankings, Sweden - Notes

Read more here: » Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Sweden - Culture

Species Plantarum, 1753 Carolus Linnaeus online at gallica Description : a two-volume work, going through many editions (ever expanding), listing all plants then known, made accessible by an ordering in (artificial) classes and orders, and giving every listed species a two-part name (binary name). With this book anybody, by counting the male and female parts present in a flower, could get to a listing of the genera the plant in question belongs to. This is the prime staring point ...

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List of publications in biology, List of publications in biology - Aerobiology, List of publications in biology - Anatomy, List of publications in biology - Gray's Anatomy, List of publications in biology - Astrobiology, List of publications in biology - Biochemistry, List of publications in biology - Biogeography, List of publications in biology - Bioinformatics, List of publications in biology - Biomechanics, List of publications in biology - Biophysics, List of publications in biology - Botany, List of publications in biology - Cell biology, List of publications in biology - Molecular Biology of the Cell, List of publications in biology - Chorology, List of publications in biology - Computational neuroscience, List of publications in biology - Cognitive neuroscience, List of publications in biology - The organization of behavior, List of publications in biology - Perception of shape from shading, List of publications in biology - Phantoms in the Brain, List of publications in biology - Neuronal Correlates of Attention and Memory, List of publications in biology - Carcinology, List of publications in biology - Cryptozoology, List of publications in biology - Cytology, List of publications in biology - Developmental biology, List of publications in biology - Genomic Regulatory Systems: Development and Evolution, List of publications in biology - In silico multicellular systems biology and minimal genomes, List of publications in biology - Disease, List of publications in biology - Ecology, List of publications in biology - Ethology & Behavior, List of publications in biology - Entomology, List of publications in biology - Epidemiology, List of publications in biology - Evolutionary biology, List of publications in biology - Histoire Naturelle, List of publications in biology - On The Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type, List of publications in biology - The Origin of Species, List of publications in biology - The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, List of publications in biology - Evolutionary developmental biology, List of publications in biology - The Evolution of Individuality, List of publications in biology - Ontogeny and Phylogeny, List of publications in biology - Freshwater biology, List of publications in biology - Genetics, List of publications in biology - Experiments on Plant Hybridization, List of publications in biology - Herpetology, List of publications in biology - Histology, List of publications in biology - Ichthyology, List of publications in biology - Immunology, List of publications in biology - Limnology, List of publications in biology - Malacology, List of publications in biology - Mammalogy, List of publications in biology - Marine biology, List of publications in biology - Microbiology, List of publications in biology - Molecular biology, List of publications in biology - DNA Sequencing with Chain-Terminating Inhibitors, List of publications in biology - Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory Manual, List of publications in biology - Mycology, List of publications in biology - Neurobiology, List of publications in biology - Paleontology, List of publications in biology - Tempo and Mode in Evolution, List of publications in biology - Parasitology, List of publications in biology - Pathology, List of publications in biology - Phycology, List of publications in biology - Physiology, List of publications in biology - Phytopathology, List of publications in biology - Phylogenetics, List of publications in biology - Phylogenetic Systematics, List of publications in biology - Inferring Phylogenies, List of publications in biology - Population biology, List of publications in biology - Psychiatry, List of publications in biology - The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct, List of publications in biology - Psychobiology, List of publications in biology - Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, List of publications in biology - Psychopharmacology, List of publications in biology - Psychophysics, List of publications in biology - Tracking an object through feature space, List of publications in biology - Oncology, List of publications in biology - Origin of life, List of publications in biology - Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth, List of publications in biology - A Short History of Nearly Everything, List of publications in biology - Ornithology, List of publications in biology - Structural biology, List of publications in biology - Systems biology, List of publications in biology - The Future and Limits of Systems Biology, List of publications in biology - The Meaning of Systems Biology, List of publications in biology - Taxonomy, List of publications in biology - Systema Naturae, List of publications in biology - The Natural History of Selborne, List of publications in biology - Souvenirs entomologiques, List of publications in biology - Toxicology, List of publications in biology - Virology, List of publications in biology - Xenobiology, List of publications in biology - Evolving the Alien: The Science of Extraterrestrial Life, List of publications in biology - Zoology, List of publications in biology - History of Animals, List of publications in biology - Naturalis Historia

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List of publications in biology - Systema Naturae. Carolus Linnaeus First published 1735 Description: With this publication Linneaus codified the basic taxonomic system still in use by biologists today: a rank-based classification with binomial nomenclature for species. Importance: Topic creator, breakthrough, influence List of publications in biology - The Natural History of Selborne. Gilbert White 1813 The letters Description: In these letter ...

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List of publications in biology, List of publications in biology - Aerobiology, List of publications in biology - Anatomy, List of publications in biology - Gray's Anatomy, List of publications in biology - Astrobiology, List of publications in biology - Biochemistry, List of publications in biology - Biogeography, List of publications in biology - Bioinformatics, List of publications in biology - Biomechanics, List of publications in biology - Biophysics, List of publications in biology - Botany, List of publications in biology - Cell biology, List of publications in biology - Molecular Biology of the Cell, List of publications in biology - Chorology, List of publications in biology - Computational neuroscience, List of publications in biology - Cognitive neuroscience, List of publications in biology - The organization of behavior, List of publications in biology - Perception of shape from shading, List of publications in biology - Phantoms in the Brain, List of publications in biology - Neuronal Correlates of Attention and Memory, List of publications in biology - Carcinology, List of publications in biology - Cryptozoology, List of publications in biology - Cytology, List of publications in biology - Developmental biology, List of publications in biology - Genomic Regulatory Systems: Development and Evolution, List of publications in biology - In silico multicellular systems biology and minimal genomes, List of publications in biology - Disease, List of publications in biology - Ecology, List of publications in biology - Ethology & Behavior, List of publications in biology - Entomology, List of publications in biology - Epidemiology, List of publications in biology - Evolutionary biology, List of publications in biology - Histoire Naturelle, List of publications in biology - On The Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type, List of publications in biology - The Origin of Species, List of publications in biology - The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, List of publications in biology - Evolutionary developmental biology, List of publications in biology - The Evolution of Individuality, List of publications in biology - Ontogeny and Phylogeny, List of publications in biology - Freshwater biology, List of publications in biology - Genetics, List of publications in biology - Experiments on Plant Hybridization, List of publications in biology - Herpetology, List of publications in biology - Histology, List of publications in biology - Ichthyology, List of publications in biology - Immunology, List of publications in biology - Limnology, List of publications in biology - Malacology, List of publications in biology - Mammalogy, List of publications in biology - Marine biology, List of publications in biology - Microbiology, List of publications in biology - Molecular biology, List of publications in biology - DNA Sequencing with Chain-Terminating Inhibitors, List of publications in biology - Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory Manual, List of publications in biology - Mycology, List of publications in biology - Neurobiology, List of publications in biology - Paleontology, List of publications in biology - Tempo and Mode in Evolution, List of publications in biology - Parasitology, List of publications in biology - Pathology, List of publications in biology - Phycology, List of publications in biology - Physiology, List of publications in biology - Phytopathology, List of publications in biology - Phylogenetics, List of publications in biology - Phylogenetic Systematics, List of publications in biology - Inferring Phylogenies, List of publications in biology - Population biology, List of publications in biology - Psychiatry, List of publications in biology - The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct, List of publications in biology - Psychobiology, List of publications in biology - Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, List of publications in biology - Psychopharmacology, List of publications in biology - Psychophysics, List of publications in biology - Tracking an object through feature space, List of publications in biology - Oncology, List of publications in biology - Origin of life, List of publications in biology - Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth, List of publications in biology - A Short History of Nearly Everything, List of publications in biology - Ornithology, List of publications in biology - Structural biology, List of publications in biology - Systems biology, List of publications in biology - The Future and Limits of Systems Biology, List of publications in biology - The Meaning of Systems Biology, List of publications in biology - Taxonomy, List of publications in biology - Systema Naturae, List of publications in biology - The Natural History of Selborne, List of publications in biology - Souvenirs entomologiques, List of publications in biology - Toxicology, List of publications in biology - Virology, List of publications in biology - Xenobiology, List of publications in biology - Evolving the Alien: The Science of Extraterrestrial Life, List of publications in biology - Zoology, List of publications in biology - History of Animals, List of publications in biology - Naturalis Historia

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The Centigrade scale is the original scale devised by Anders Celsius (1701-1744) in which the boiling point of water at 1,000 millibars was defined as 0 degrees and the freezing point of water was defined as 100 degrees. This is exactly the reverse of the modern Celsius scale, named after Anders Celsius. It was then reversed to its modern order some time after his death, in part at the instigation of Daniel Ekström, the manufacturer of most of the thermometers used by Celsius. Several other people, including Per Elvius the Elder from Sweden ...

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Celsius, Celsius - History, Celsius - Naming, Celsius - Application, Celsius - Comparison of temperature scales

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For notes on rearing populations see the essay by Don McNamara (unknown date). The larvae feed mostly on comfrey Symphytum officionale. The imagos fly by day. ...

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Scarlet tiger moth, Scarlet tiger moth - Nomenclature, Scarlet tiger moth - Common Names, Scarlet tiger moth - Taxonomy, Scarlet tiger moth - Ecology, Scarlet tiger moth - Ecological Genetics

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The first published name of an organism or group takes priority; later names for that organism or group are junior synonyms and are not considered valid. John Edward Gray published the name Antilocapra anteflexa in 1855 for a species of pronghorn, based on a pair of horns. However, it is now thought that his specimen was an unusual individual of the species Antilocapra americana published by George Ord in 1815. Ord's name thus takes priority, with Antilocapra anteflexa being a junior synonym.

The history of hominoid taxonomy is somewhat confusing and complex. The names of subgroups have changed their meaning over time as new evidence from fossil discoveries, anatomy comparisons and DNA sequences, has changed understanding of the relationships between hominoids. The story of the hominoid taxonomy is one of gradual demotion of humans from a special position in the taxonomy to being one branch among many. It also illustrates the growing influence of cladistics (the science of class ...

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Ape, Ape - Historical and modern terminology, Ape - Biology, Ape - Cultural aspects, Ape - New Subspecies?, Ape - History of hominoid taxonomy, Ape - Classification and evolution, Ape - Legal status

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The genus ranges from small trees, shrubs, vines to herbaceous plants. A significant percentage of these are succulent plant, some of which remarkably resemble cacti despite being unrelated, an example of convergent evolution. To the exception of a few species (i.e. Euphorbia hedytoides or Euphorbia curtisii), this genus is composed of monoecious species. Spurges have a highly specialized inflorescence: the cyathium, which are reduced unisexual flowers grouped into characteristic pseudanthia. It consists of a central pis ...

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Spurge, Spurge - Description, Spurge - Distribution, Spurge - Taxonomy, Spurge - Reference

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Plant sexuality - Flower morphology. A species, such as the ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), demonstrates the possible range of variation in morphology and functionality exhibited by flowers with respect to gender. Flowers of the ash are wind-pollinated and lack petals and sepals. Structurally, the flowers may be either male, female, or hermaphrodite, the latter consisting of two anthers and an ovary ('c' below). A male flower can be morphologically male ('a' below) or a hermaphrodite flower with anthers and a ...

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Plant sexuality, Plant sexuality - Terminology, Plant sexuality - Morphological mechanisms, Plant sexuality - Flower morphology, Plant sexuality - Physiological mechanisms, Plant sexuality - Evolution, Plant sexuality - Angiosperms, Plant sexuality - Cultivation of dioecious plants, Plant sexuality - External link

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They are very varied in flower size and appearance. They grow in tufts, in racemose inflorescences, sometimes in corymbs or panicles. The apical, lateral or basal flowers are mostly small to medium in size and are not marked by a conspicuous display. They are borne on on a dense inflorescence. Many species are fragrant. The flowers may be produced only once, or during several years from the same or new raceme ...

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Epidendrum, Epidendrum - Distribution and ecology, Epidendrum - Characteristics, Epidendrum - Synonymy, Epidendrum - Species, Epidendrum - Culture, Epidendrum - Reference, Epidendrum - External link

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Chrysanthemum flowers are boiled to make a sweet drink in some parts of Asia. The resulting beverage is known simply as "chrysanthemum tea". Chrysanthemum tea has many medicinal uses, including an aid in recovery from influenza. The leaves of several species are edible, and in particular C. coronarium (the crown daisy or garland chrysanthemum) is grown commercially in East Asia as a leaf vegetable, known as tung ho (Chinese: 茼蒿; Pinyin: See also:

Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum - History, Chrysanthemum - Ornamental uses, Chrysanthemum - Food uses, Chrysanthemum - External link

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Modern chrysanthemums are much more showy than their ancient relatives. The flowers occur in various forms, and can be daisy-like, decorative, pompons or buttons. This genus contains many hybrids developed for horticultural purposes. In addition to the traditional yellow, other colours are available, such as white, purple, and red. In some countries of Europe and in Japan, chrysanthemums are symbolic of death and are only used for funerals or on graves. In the United States, the flow ...

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Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum - History, Chrysanthemum - Ornamental uses, Chrysanthemum - Food uses, Chrysanthemum - External link

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From the mid nineteenth century onwards it became ever more apparent that a body of rules was necessary to govern scientific names. In the course of time these became Nomenclature Codes governing the naming of animals (ICZN), plants (incl. Fungi, cyanobacteria) (ICBN), bacteria (ICNB) and viruses. These codes differ. For example, the ICBN, the plant Code does not allow tautonyms, whereas the ICZN, the animal Code does allow tautonymy. The starting points, the time from wh ...

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Binomial nomenclature, Binomial nomenclature - History, Binomial nomenclature - Value of binomial nomenclature, Binomial nomenclature - Nomenclature Codes, Binomial nomenclature - Derivation of names, Binomial nomenclature - Binomenal nomenclature

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The Carolina anole can reach a total length of about 22 cm. Females are slightly smaller, about 16 cm). The male has a dewlap–pink or light red in color–that can be extended from the chin as a courtship or territorial display. This dewlap display is often accompanied by head bobbing and "pushups." Green Anoles can have a green or a brown body color, depending on mood, time of day, surroundings, and temperature, with a white underbelly. Males are of solid color across the back, and females have a white stripe along the b ...

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Carolina anole, Carolina anole - Description, Carolina anole - Distribution, Carolina anole - Diet, Carolina anole - Behavior

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The genus name and species descriptor may come from any source whatsoever. Often they are Latin words, but they may also come from Ancient Greek, from a place, from a person (preferably a naturalist), a name from a local language, etc. In fact, taxonomists come up with specific descriptors from a variety of sources, including in-jokes and puns. However, names are always treated grammatically as if they were a Latin sentence. For this reason the name of a species is sometimes called its "Latin name," although this terminology is frowned upon ...

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Binomial nomenclature, Binomial nomenclature - History, Binomial nomenclature - Value of binomial nomenclature, Binomial nomenclature - Nomenclature Codes, Binomial nomenclature - Derivation of names, Binomial nomenclature - Binomenal nomenclature

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Plant sexuality - Angiosperms. It is thought that flowering plants evolved from a common hermaphrodite ancestor, and that dioecy evolved from hermaphroditism. Hermaphroditism is very common in flowering plants—about 70% are hermaphroditic, while only about 5% are dioecious and 7% are monoecious. About 7% of species exhibit gynodioecy or androdioecy, while 10% contain both u ...

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Plant sexuality, Plant sexuality - Terminology, Plant sexuality - Morphological mechanisms, Plant sexuality - Flower morphology, Plant sexuality - Physiological mechanisms, Plant sexuality - Evolution, Plant sexuality - Angiosperms, Plant sexuality - Cultivation of dioecious plants, Plant sexuality - External link

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They are very varied in flower size and appearance. They grow in tufts, in racemose inflorescences, sometimes in corymbs or panicles. The apical, lateral or basal flowers are mostly small to medium in size and are not marked by a conspicuous display. They are borne on on a dense inflorescence. Many species are fragrant. The flowers may be produced only once, or during several years from the same or new raceme ...

See also:

Epidendrum, Epidendrum - Distribution and ecology, Epidendrum - Characteristics, Epidendrum - Synonymy, Epidendrum - Species, Epidendrum - Hybrids, Epidendrum - Culture, Epidendrum - Reference, Epidendrum - External link

Read more here: » Epidendrum: Encyclopedia II - Epidendrum - Characteristics

Epidendrum apaganoides Epidendrum peperonia ...

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Epidendrum, Epidendrum - Distribution and ecology, Epidendrum - Characteristics, Epidendrum - Synonymy, Epidendrum - Species, Epidendrum - Culture, Epidendrum - Reference, Epidendrum - External link

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Chitons eat algae, bryozoans, diatoms and sometimes bacteria by scraping the rocky substrate with their well-developed radula. Some species have an enlarged anterior girdle by which they feed on other small invertebrates, such as shrimp and possibly even small fish, by holding the girdle up off the surface and then clamping down on the unsuspecting, shelter-seeking prey. Some chitons exhibit homing behavior, returning to the same spot during the day and coming out at night to feed. Predators include seagulls, seas ...

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Chiton, Chiton - Structure, Chiton - Name, Chiton - Activities, Chiton - Classification, Chiton - Miscellaneous

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