1707 in topic: Arts Architecture - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Mexico - Science Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State leaders From Categories: births - deaths 1707 - Events. January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Act of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scot ...

Including:

• 1707 - Events
• 1707 - Births
• 1707 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1707: Encyclopedia - 1707

1778 in topic: Arts Architecture - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Mexico - Science Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State leaders From Categories: births - deaths 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). 1778 - Events. The term thoroughbred was first used in the United States in a ...

Including:

• 1778 - Events
• 1778 - Births
• 1778 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1778: Encyclopedia - 1778

The degree Celsius (°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. The Celsius scale sets 0.01 °C to be at the triple point of water and a degree Celsius to be 1/273.16 of the difference in temperature between the triple point of water and absolute zero. Until 1954 the scale was defined with the freezing point of water at 0 °C and the boiling point at 100 °C at standard atmospheric pressure, this definition is still a close approximation to ...

Including:

• Celsius - History
• Celsius - Naming
• Celsius - Application
• Celsius - Comparison of temperature scales

Read more here: » Celsius: Encyclopedia - Celsius

John Tradescant the Elder (ca 1570s–1638) and his son, John Tradescant the Younger (1608–1662), must head the list of historic plantsmen. Charles de l'Ecluse, better known as Carolus Clusius (1526–1609), and Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778) are other examples. These early botanists, who certainly grew (and sometimes had also collected) many of the plants they described, can be described as pl ...

See also:

Plantsman, Plantsman - Defining the word, Plantsman - Some notable plantsmen and women, Plantsman - Other uses, Plantsman - Notes

Read more here: » Plantsman: Encyclopedia II - Plantsman - Some notable plantsmen and women

Scarlet tiger moth - Common Names. The Scarlet Tiger Moth Scarlet tiger moth - Taxonomy. The scientific name for the scarlet tiger moth is Callimorpha dominula. It was first categorised by Carolus Linnaeus in 1758. It belongs to the genus Callimorpha and it previously belonged to the genus Panaxia. It belongs to the tiger moth family, Arctiidae. ...

See also:

Scarlet tiger moth, Scarlet tiger moth - Nomenclature, Scarlet tiger moth - Common Names, Scarlet tiger moth - Taxonomy, Scarlet tiger moth - Ecology, Scarlet tiger moth - Ecological Genetics

Read more here: » Scarlet tiger moth: Encyclopedia II - Scarlet tiger moth - Nomenclature

Chrysanthemums were cultivated in China as a flowering herb as far back as the 15th century BCE. An ancient Chinese city was named Chu-Hsien, meaning "chrysanthemum city". The flower was introduced into Japan probably in the 8th century CE, and the Emperor adopted the flower as his official seal. There is a "Festival of Happiness" in Japan that celebrates the flower. The flower was brought to the Western World in the 17th century. It was named by Carolus Linnaeus from the Greek prefix chrys-, which means golden (the colour of the original flowers), and -anthemo ...

See also:

Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum - History, Chrysanthemum - Ornamental uses, Chrysanthemum - Food uses, Chrysanthemum - External link

Read more here: » Chrysanthemum: Encyclopedia II - Chrysanthemum - History

Thunberg was born at Jönköping, and became a pupil of Carolus Linnaeus at Uppsala University. There he studied natural philosophy and medicine, and took his degree in 1767. In 1770, he left Sweden for Paris, to continue his studies in medicine and natural history. In 1771, during a stay in Amsterdam and Leiden, he studied their botanical gardens and musea. He was invited to visit the Dutch colonies and Japan to collect specimens for Dutch botanical gardens. He left in December 1771, as the ship's surgeon in the Dutch East India Comp ...

See also:

Carl Peter Thunberg, Carl Peter Thunberg - Early Life, Carl Peter Thunberg - Japan, Carl Peter Thunberg - Return to Sweden, Carl Peter Thunberg - Selected publications

Read more here: » Carl Peter Thunberg: Encyclopedia II - Carl Peter Thunberg - Early Life

Aristotle divided the living world between animals and plants, and this was followed by Carolus Linnaeus in the first hierarchical classification. Since then biologists have begun emphasizing evolutionary relationships, and so these groups have been restricted somewhat. For instance, microscopic protozoa were originally considered animals because they move, but are now treated separately. In Linnaeus' original scheme, the animals were one of three kingdoms, divided into the classes of Vermes, Insecta, Pisces, Amphibia, Aves, and Mamma ...

See also:

Animal, Animal - Characteristics, Animal - Structure, Animal - Reproduction and development, Animal - Origin and fossil record, Animal - Groups of animals, Animal - Deuterostomes, Animal - Ecdysozoa, Animal - Platyzoa, Animal - Lophotrochozoa, Animal - History of classification, Animal - Usage of the word animal, Animal - Examples, Animal - Reference

Read more here: » Animal: Encyclopedia II - Animal - History of classification

The Celsius temperature scale was originally designed so that the freezing point of water is 100 degrees, and its boiling point is 0 degrees at standard atmospheric pressure. This was reversed to its modern order some time after his death, in part at the instigation of Daniel Ekström, the manufacturer of most of the thermometers used by Celsius. Several other people, including Per Elvius the Elder from Sweden (1710) and Christian of Lyons (1743), independently invented the same temperature scale. The oft-quoted claim that the botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1740) is amongst those is unsubstantiated. The Delisle scale was another tem ...

See also:

Celsius, Celsius - History, Celsius - Naming, Celsius - Application, Celsius - Comparison of temperature scales

Read more here: » Celsius: Encyclopedia II - Celsius - History

The above represent the rules of Tablut as described by Carolus Linnaeus' diary from 1732, and this is the typical way in which Hnefatafl and its derivatives are played by reconstructionists. However, Neil Peterson has researched into the historical sources and even carried out a scientific study suggesting that Linneaus' special capture of the king is incorrect. Firstly, snippets within the description of Tawlbrydd by Robert ap Ifan (written earlier than Linneaus' account, in 1597) imply that the king could be captured by two men. Se ...

See also:

Tafl games, Tafl games - Versions, Tafl games - Reconstruction, Tafl games - Controversy

Read more here: » Tafl games: Encyclopedia II - Tafl games - Controversy

The domestic cat was named Felis catus by Carolus Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae of 1758. Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber named the wild cat Felis silvestris in 1775. The domestic cat is now considered a subspecies of the wild cat: by the strict rule of priority of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature the name for the species thus ought to be F. catus since Linnaeus published first. However, in practice almost all biologists use F. silvestris for the wild species, usin ...

See also:

Cat, Cat - Characteristics, Cat - Physical, Cat - Senses, Cat - Communication, Cat - Hunting and diet, Cat - Hygiene, Cat - Environment, Cat - Reproduction and genetics, Cat - Domestication, Cat - Feral cats, Cat - Environmental issues, Cat - Scientific classification, Cat - Varieties of domestic cat, Cat - History and mythology

Read more here: » Cat: Encyclopedia II - Cat - Scientific classification

The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, or Carl von Linné, (1707-1778), often called the father of taxonomy or flower-king, was born in Älmhult in Småland. He gave the Twinflower its Latin name based on his own (Latin: Linnea borealis, because of his particular fondness of it. The flower has become Småland's provincial flower. Another notable person from Älmhult is Ingvar Kamprad, the founder of the global concern IKEA. The name "Småland" is found in the name of the kindergarten at IKEA stores. See also:

Småland, Småland - Counties, Småland - Population, Småland - Geography, Småland - History, Småland - Historical cities, Småland - Heraldry, Småland - Dukes, Småland - National Parks, Småland - Culture, Småland - Literature, Småland - Smalandians, Småland - Tongue, Småland - Sub-divisions, Småland - Small lands, Småland - Hundreds, Småland - Notes, Småland - Reference

Read more here: » Småland: Encyclopedia II - Småland - Culture

Black Chiton (Katharina tunicata) on a stone with a seastar Its English name originates from a Greek word chitōn, which means "tunic" and is also the source word of the substance chitin. Its Greek-derived name Polyplacophoran comes from the words poly- (many), plako- (tablet), and -phoros (bearing). Chitons were first studied by Carolus Linnaeus in 1758. Since his description of the first four species, chitons have been variously classified. They were called Cyclobranchians ("round arm") in t ...

See also:

Chiton, Chiton - Structure, Chiton - Name, Chiton - Activities, Chiton - Classification, Chiton - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Chiton: Encyclopedia II - Chiton - Name

The Finback has long been known to taxonomists. It was first described by Frederick Martens in 1675 and then again by Paul Dudley in 1725. These descriptions were used as the basis of Carolus Linnaeus' Balaena physalus (1758). The Comte de Lacepede reclassified it as Balaenoptera physalus early in the nineteenth century. The specific name comes from the Greek physa, meaning bellows. The Fin Whale is a close relative of the Blue Whale taxonomically speaking. Evolutionary divergence occurred between 3 and 5 million years ago. Hybrids between the two species are quite common - for every 1000 Fin Wh ...

See also:

Fin Whale, Fin Whale - Taxonomy, Fin Whale - Physical description and behaviour, Fin Whale - Population and distribution, Fin Whale - Human interaction

Read more here: » Fin Whale: Encyclopedia II - Fin Whale - Taxonomy

Aristotle divided the living world between animals and plants, and this was followed by Carolus Linnaeus in the first hierarchical classification. Since then biologists have begun emphasizing evolutionary relationships, and so these groups have been restricted somewhat. For instance, microscopic protozoa were originally considered animals because they move, but are now treated separately. Kingdom Animalia has several characteristics that set it apart from other living things. Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular, which separates t ...

See also:

Animal, Animal - Characteristics, Animal - Structure, Animal - Reproduction and development, Animal - Origin and fossil record, Animal - Groups of animals, Animal - Deuterostomes, Animal - Ecdysozoa, Animal - Platyzoa, Animal - Lophotrochozoa, Animal - History of classification, Animal - Usage of the word animal, Animal - Examples, Animal - Reference

Read more here: » Animal: Encyclopedia II - Animal - Characteristics

His most important publication was "De plantis libri XVI" (Florence, 1583). This last work has made Cesalpino immortal; the date of its publication, 1583, is one of the most important in the history of botany before Carolus Linnaeus. The permission to print the book is dated 27 September, 1581. The work is dedicated to the Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici (1541–1587); including dedication and the indexes, it contains some 670 quarto pages, of which 621 are taken up with the text proper. Unlike the "herbals" of that period, it contains no ...

See also:

Andrea Cesalpino, Andrea Cesalpino - Life, Andrea Cesalpino - Philosophical works, Andrea Cesalpino - Medical and physiological works, Andrea Cesalpino - Botanical works, Andrea Cesalpino - Source

Read more here: » Andrea Cesalpino: Encyclopedia II - Andrea Cesalpino - Botanical works

The city's name is believed to be constructed by the words "väg" (road) and "sjö" (lake), meaning the road over the frozen Växjö lake that farmers took in the winter to get to the market place that later became the city. Växjö received its city charter in 1342, but was an important market and commercial centre already at the pass of the first millennium. In the 12th century the construction of Växjö Cathedral was begun and hence Växjö grew to become an important religious centre in the Diocese of Växjö. The city arms displ ...

See also:

Växjö, Växjö - History, Växjö - Notable locations, Växjö - Notable natives

Read more here: » Växjö: Encyclopedia II - Växjö - History

The botanical term "Angiosperm" (Greek: αγγειον, receptacle, and σπερμα, seed) was coined in the form Angiospermae by Paul Hermann in 1690, as the name of that one of his primary divisions of the plant kingdom, which included flowering plants possessing seeds enclosed in capsules, in contradistinction to his Gymnospermae, or flowering plants with achenial or schizo-carpic fruits—the whole fruit or each of its pieces being here regarded as a seed and naked. The term and its antonym were maintained by Carolus Linnaeus with the s ...

See also:

Flowering plant, Flowering plant - History, Flowering plant - Origins, Flowering plant - Classification, Flowering plant - Families of flowering plants, Flowering plant - Internal structure, Flowering plant - Vegetative organs, Flowering plant - The flower fruit and seed, Flowering plant - Flowering plant sexuality, Flowering plant - Fertilization, Flowering plant - Embryology, Flowering plant - Fruit and seed, Flowering plant - Economic importance

Read more here: » Flowering plant: Encyclopedia II - Flowering plant - History

Swedish authors of worldwide recognition include Carolus Linnaeus, Emanuel Swedenborg, August Strindberg, Selma Lagerlöf, Vilhelm Moberg, Harry Martinson and Astrid Lindgren. Many well-known inventions and discoveries, historical and modern, were made by Swedes. Some notable figures are Alfred Nobel, Anders Celsius, Baltzar von Platen, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, John Ericsson, ...

See also:

Sweden, Sweden - History, Sweden - Pre-history, Sweden - Middle Ages, Sweden - A major power, Sweden - Modern history, Sweden - Recent history, Sweden - Politics, Sweden - Energy politics, Sweden - Economy, Sweden - Welfare state, Sweden - Education, Sweden - Geography, Sweden - Counties, Sweden - Provinces, Sweden - Largest cities, Sweden - Demographics, Sweden - Language, Sweden - Culture, Sweden - Swedish Nobel Prize Winners, Sweden - Music, Sweden - Media, Sweden - Holidays, Sweden - Cuisine, Sweden - Sports, Sweden - Religion, Sweden - Miscellaneous topics, Sweden - International rankings, Sweden - Notes

Read more here: » Sweden: Encyclopedia II - Sweden - Culture

Harderwijk received city rights from Count Otto II of Guelders in 1231[1]. A defensive wall surrounding the city was completed by the end of that century. The oldest part of the city is near where the streets Hoogstraat and Grote Poortstraat are today. Around 1315 the city was expanded southwards, which included the construction of what is now called the Grote Kerk (Large Church). A second, northward expansion took place around 1425. Particularly a ...

See also:

Harderwijk, Harderwijk - Population centres, Harderwijk - The city of Harderwijk, Harderwijk - Veluwe

Read more here: » Harderwijk: Encyclopedia II - Harderwijk - The city of Harderwijk

Hnefatafl is the name of a game frequently referred to in the Norse sagas. Vikings considered skill at hnefatafl to be a valuable attribute, and in one story one player kills the other due to a disagreement over the game. However, the rules of this game were never recorded, and only playing pieces and fragmentary boards are extant, so it is not known for sure how the game was played. Tawl-bwrdd was played in Wales. Robert ap Ifan documented it in a manuscript dated 1587. It was played on an 11×11 board. The rules are somewhat vague, but it is u ...

See also:

Tafl games, Tafl games - Versions, Tafl games - Reconstruction, Tafl games - Controversy

Read more here: » Tafl games: Encyclopedia II - Tafl games - Versions