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Carnation Revolution | A Wisdom Archive on Carnation Revolution | | Carnation Revolution A selection of articles related to Carnation Revolution | |
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Carnation Revolution, Carnation Revolution - Consequences, Carnation Revolution - Context, Carnation Revolution - Events, Carnation Revolution - External References, Carnation Revolution - Freedom Day, Estado Novo (Brazil), Portuguese Colonial War
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Carnation Revolution | | | |  Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Rádio e Televisão de Portugal - HistoryRTP—Radiotelevisão Portuguesa was originally established in December 15, 1955. Experimental broadcasts began in 1956 from the Feira Popular studios in Lisbon. Regular broadcasting, however, did not start until March 7, 1957, and reached roughly 65% of the Portuguese population at the time. By the mid-1960s, RTP was broadcasting all over the country.
December 25, 1968 saw the creation of a second television channel, RTP2 (currently called a dois: or simply 2:). In the 1970s, two new regional channels were created for the Portuguese archipelagos of M ...
See also:Rádio e Televisão de Portugal, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal - History, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal - RTP television channels, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal - RDP radio stations Read more here: » Rádio e Televisão de Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Rádio e Televisão de Portugal - History |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Social Democratic Party Portugal - In Government and Opposition The Social Democratic Party participated in a number of coalition governments in Portugal between 1974 and 1979, following the Carnation Revolution. This is seen as a transitional period in Portuguese politics, in which political institutions were built and took time to stabilize. In 1979, the PSD formed an electoral alliance, known as the Democratic Alliance (AD), with the Democratic Social Center (now called the People's Party) and a couple of smaller, right wing parties. The AD won the parliamentary elections towards the end of 1979, and ...
See also:Social Democratic Party Portugal, Social Democratic Party Portugal - History, Social Democratic Party Portugal - In Government and Opposition, Social Democratic Party Portugal - List of leaders Read more here: » Social Democratic Party Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Social Democratic Party Portugal - In Government and Opposition |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Zeca Afonso - The Beginning of His Political Action In 1956 he released his first record, Fados de Coimbra.
In 1956/57 he became a teacher and worked in the south of Portugal.
Due to his financial problems he sent his children to Mozambique in 1958 where his parents were at the time. In that year he became enthralled by Humberto Delgado's presidential campaign (which Delgado lost due to massive fraud perpetrated by the fascist regime).
In 1959 he started singing in many popular groups around the country, which granted him more and more contact with the harsh living conditions of the Portuguese people.
In 1960 his ...
See also:Zeca Afonso, Zeca Afonso - Early Life, Zeca Afonso - The University Years, Zeca Afonso - The Beginning of His Political Action, Zeca Afonso - The Anti-Fascist Resistance, Zeca Afonso - The Revolutionary Period, Zeca Afonso - The Last Years, Zeca Afonso - After Zeca's Death, Zeca Afonso - Discography Read more here: » Zeca Afonso: Encyclopedia II - Zeca Afonso - The Beginning of His Political Action |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - University of Lisbon - Faculties
University of Lisbon - Faculty of Law.
The Faculty of Law (Portuguese: Faculdade de Direito) [1] was officially created by a Decree of March 22, 1911 as Faculdade de Ciências Económicas e Políticas, but was only installed in 1913, and was given its current designation later in 1918. It was originally located at the Valmor Building (Edifício Valmor) at the Campo dos Mártires da Pátria. It was transferred to its current campus at the University City (Cidade Universitária) in 1957-1958. A new building, housing th ...
See also:University of Lisbon, University of Lisbon - History, University of Lisbon - Faculties, University of Lisbon - Faculty of Law, University of Lisbon - Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon - Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon - Faculty of Letters Read more here: » University of Lisbon: Encyclopedia II - University of Lisbon - Faculties |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - University of Coimbra - Sports clubs and traditions Closely related with this old university are many academic traditions and institutions with a strong impact on the city's life. The old "Republics" (autonomous students' residences) remain, as well as some traditional festivities, most notably the "Queima das Fitas" (a celebration of graduation's end, symbolized by the burning of the ribbons with the colors of each of the eight faculties), the frequent use of traditional attire, the "Fado de Coimbra" (Coimbra's fado, now sung in organized shows rather than the traditional street serenades), and ...
See also:University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra - History, University of Coimbra - Organization, University of Coimbra - Students, University of Coimbra - Sports clubs and traditions, University of Coimbra - List of faculties, University of Coimbra - Stats and other info, University of Coimbra - Alumni, University of Coimbra - Noted Professors and Lecturers, University of Coimbra - Noted Attendees, University of Coimbra - List of research units, University of Coimbra - Other students in Coimbra Read more here: » University of Coimbra: Encyclopedia II - University of Coimbra - Sports clubs and traditions |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Non-violent revolution - List of non-violent revolutions by era
Non-violent revolution - Decolonization.
Non-violent revolution - Cold War.
1968 - The Prague Spring a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia.
1981-1989 - The Solidarity movement in Poland marshals popular resistance to communist rule, though progress is halted by the imposition of martial law.
1988, 1989 - The Singing Revolution - a cycle of singing mass demonstrations, followed by a living chain across the Baltic st ...
See also:Non-violent revolution, Non-violent revolution - Overview, Non-violent revolution - List of non-violent revolutions by era, Non-violent revolution - Decolonization, Non-violent revolution - Cold War, Non-violent revolution - Post-Cold War period, Non-violent revolution - Organizers and supporters, Non-violent revolution - Foundations, Non-violent revolution - Other organizations, Non-violent revolution - Current non-violent resistance, Non-violent revolution - Armenia, Non-violent revolution - Azerbaijan, Non-violent revolution - Belarus, Non-violent revolution - Moldova, Non-violent revolution - Mongolia, Non-violent revolution - Russia Bashkortostan, Non-violent revolution - Uzbekistan Read more here: » Non-violent revolution: Encyclopedia II - Non-violent revolution - List of non-violent revolutions by era |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Music of Portugal - Fado Fado (fate in Portuguese) arose in Lisbon as the music of the urban poor. Fado songs are typically lyrically harsh, with the singer resigned to sadness, poverty and loneliness, but remaining dignified and firmly controlled.
Fado is said to have been born in the beginning of the 19th century in Lisbon, when immigrants from Brazil were commonplace, and their music was the fofa and lundum dances. These were often crude and vilified by the upper-class at the time, but soon became the basis for fado. Portuguese literature, especiall ...
See also:Music of Portugal, Music of Portugal - Fado, Music of Portugal - Regional folk music, Music of Portugal - Trás-os-Montes, Music of Portugal - Baixo Alentejo, Music of Portugal - Political music, Music of Portugal - Underground Read more here: » Music of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Music of Portugal - Fado |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - History of Guinea-Bissau - 19th and 20th centuries Portuguese conquest and consolidation of the interior did not begin until the latter half of the 19th century. Portugal lost part of Guinea to French West Africa, including the center of earlier Portuguese commercial interest, the Casamance River region. A dispute with Britain over the island of Bolama was settled in Portugal's favor with the involvement of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.
Before World War I, Portuguese forces, with some assistance from the Muslim population, subdued animist tribes and eventually established the terri ...
See also:History of Guinea-Bissau, History of Guinea-Bissau - Portuguese rule, History of Guinea-Bissau - 19th and 20th centuries, History of Guinea-Bissau - Struggle for independence, History of Guinea-Bissau - Vieira's presidency, History of Guinea-Bissau - Democracy Read more here: » History of Guinea-Bissau: Encyclopedia II - History of Guinea-Bissau - 19th and 20th centuries |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Goa - History Goa has a long history stretching back to the 3rd century BC, when it formed part of the Mauryan Empire. Goa was later ruled by the Satavahanas of Kolhapur (in Maharashtra) around two thousand years ago. It eventually passed to the Chalukyas of Badami, who controlled it between 580 to 750. Over the next few centuries Goa was successively ruled by the Silharas, the Kadambas and the Chalukyans of Kalyani, rulers of Deccan India.
In 1312, Goa came under the governance of the Delhi Sultanate. However the kingdom's grip on the region was w ...
See also:Goa, Goa - Origin of name, Goa - History, Goa - Geography and climate, Goa - Subdivisions, Goa - Flora and fauna, Goa - Economy, Goa - Transport, Goa - Demographics, Goa - Culture, Goa - Sports, Goa - Government and politics, Goa - Media and Communication, Goa - Education Read more here: » Goa: Encyclopedia II - Goa - History |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Flag of Portugal - Meaning of the Flag
Flag of Portugal - Colours.
The flag probably has a much more ambiguous meaning than the traditional, most popular explanations for its design. The most commonly held belief is that during the Estado Novo, the nationalist authoritarian regime, which lasted from 1933 until the 1974 Carnation Revolution, claims that the green represented hope and the red represented the blood of those who died serving the nation. This definition of the colours is currently the commonly accepted one, ho ...
See also:Flag of Portugal, Flag of Portugal - Meaning of the Flag, Flag of Portugal - Colours, Flag of Portugal - Portuguese shield, Flag of Portugal - Armillary sphere, Flag of Portugal - Evolution of the Portuguese Flag, Flag of Portugal - 1095 - 1139/1143, Flag of Portugal - 1139/1143 - 1185, Flag of Portugal - 1185 - 1245/1248, Flag of Portugal - More recent flags Read more here: » Flag of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Flag of Portugal - Meaning of the Flag |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Lisbon - History
Lisbon - Neolithic era to the Roman Empire.
During the Neolithic the region was inhabited by the same peoples that lived in other regions of Atlantic Europe, and are known as the Iberians. They built religious monuments called megaliths. Dolmens and Menhirs still survive in the countryside around the city. The Celts invaded after first millennium BC and they intermarried with the Iberians, giving birth to the Celtic-speaking local tr ...
See also:Lisbon, Lisbon - Geography and location, Lisbon - Climate, Lisbon - Demographics, Lisbon - Culture, Lisbon - History, Lisbon - Neolithic era to the Roman Empire, Lisbon - Roman Empire to the Moorish conquest, Lisbon - Moorish Rule, Lisbon - From the Middle Ages to the Portuguese Empire, Lisbon - XIX and XX centuries, Lisbon - Contemporary Events, Lisbon - Economy, Lisbon - Transportation, Lisbon - Education in Lisbon, Lisbon - Gallery, Lisbon - Miscellaneous, Lisbon - Buildings, Lisbon - Prominent people born in Lisbon, Lisbon - Greater Lisbon Read more here: » Lisbon: Encyclopedia II - Lisbon - History |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - History of Portugal - Portugal Portugal's name derives from the Roman name Portus Cale (Latin for Warm Port). Cale was the name of an early settlement located at the mouth of the Douro River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean in the north of what is now Portugal. Around 200 BCE, the Romans took the Iberian Peninsula from the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War, and in the process conquered Cale and renamed it Portus Cale. During the Middle Ages, the region around Cale became known by the Visigoths as Portucale. Portucale evolved ...
See also:History of Portugal, History of Portugal - Portugal, History of Portugal - Early history, History of Portugal - Roman Lusitania, History of Portugal - Germanic kingdoms, History of Portugal - Moorish rule and the Reconquista, History of Portugal - Affirmation of Portugal, History of Portugal - Discoveries Odyssey: Glory of the Empire, History of Portugal - Decline of the Empire, History of Portugal - Pombaline Era, History of Portugal - Crises of the Nineteenth Century, History of Portugal - The First Republic, History of Portugal - New State Estado Novo, History of Portugal - The Third Republic, History of Portugal - Timeline Read more here: » History of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - History of Portugal - Portugal |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - History of West Africa - Prehistory Archaeological studies at Mejiro Cave have found that early human settlers, probably related to the Pygmies, had arrived in West Africa around 12,000 B.C.E. Microlithic stone industries have been found primarily in the region of the Savannah where fairly advanced pastoral tribes existed using chiseled stone blades and spears. The tribesmen of Guinea and the forested regions of the coast were without microliths for thousands of years, but prospered using bone tools and other means. In the fifth millennium, as the ancestors of modern West Afri ...
See also:History of West Africa, History of West Africa - Prehistory, History of West Africa - Empires, History of West Africa - Jihad and colonization, History of West Africa - Colonialism, History of West Africa - Postcolonial West Africa Read more here: » History of West Africa: Encyclopedia II - History of West Africa - Prehistory |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Lanka Sama Samaja Party - History The Lanka Sama Samaja Party was founded on 18 December 1935 with the broad aims of Independence and Socialism, by a group of young people who had gathered together for that purpose.
Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Origins.
The LSSP grew out of the Youth Leagues, in which a nucleus of Marxists had developed. The leaders were mainly educated returnees from London, youth who had come into contact with the ideas of the European Left and were influenced by Harold Laski. Dr S.A. Wickremasinghe, an early returnee and a ...
See also:Lanka Sama Samaja Party, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Name, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - History, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Origins, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Early period, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Fourth International, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Mass Party, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Hartal and after, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Trade Union Activities, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Coalition Politics, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - In the Wilderness, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - 1994 and After, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Organisation, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - General Secretary, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Electoral results, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Leaders and Important Members, Lanka Sama Samaja Party - Publications Read more here: » Lanka Sama Samaja Party: Encyclopedia II - Lanka Sama Samaja Party - History |
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| | | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - 1974 - Events
1974 - January.
January 5 - Dungeons & Dragons officially released.
January 6 - In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving time commences nearly four months early in the United States..
January 27 - Brisbane Qld Australia was flooded.
January 30 - G. Gordon Liddy found guilty of Watergate charges
1974 - February.
February 1 - Fire in Joelman Bank Building in Sao Paulo, Brazil - 177 dead, 293 injured, 11 die later of their ...
See also:1974, 1974 - Events, 1974 - January, 1974 - February, 1974 - March, 1974 - April, 1974 - May, 1974 - June, 1974 - July, 1974 - August, 1974 - September, 1974 - October, 1974 - November, 1974 - December, 1974 - Unknown date, 1974 - Births, 1974 - January, 1974 - February, 1974 - March, 1974 - April, 1974 - May, 1974 - June, 1974 - July, 1974 - August, 1974 - September, 1974 - October, 1974 - November, 1974 - December, 1974 - Unknown date, 1974 - Deaths, 1974 - January, 1974 - February, 1974 - March, 1974 - April, 1974 - May, 1974 - June, 1974 - July, 1974 - August, 1974 - September, 1974 - October, 1974 - November, 1974 - December, 1974 - Nobel Prizes, 1974 - Fields Medalists, 1974 - Templeton Prize Read more here: » 1974: Encyclopedia II - 1974 - Events |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Eurovision Song Contest - Voting Currently, the Contest winner is selected by means of a modified version of the Borda count. Each country ranks all the entries and assigns 12 points to their favourite entry; 10 points to their second favourite entry; and 8, down to 1 point to their third to tenth favourites. Countries are not allowed to vote for themselves.
The current method for ranking entries is by a telephone vote (televoting) among the viewers. In the past, small demographically balanced juries were used to rank the entries. Juries are still used when televotin ...
See also:Eurovision Song Contest, Eurovision Song Contest - Overview, Eurovision Song Contest - History, Eurovision Song Contest - Debut of Nations, Eurovision Song Contest - Competitors, Eurovision Song Contest - Rules, Eurovision Song Contest - Number of Songs, Eurovision Song Contest - Performers, Eurovision Song Contest - Languages, Eurovision Song Contest - Voting, Eurovision Song Contest - Tie-breakers, Eurovision Song Contest - Nul Points, Eurovision Song Contest - Political and Regional Voting Patterns, Eurovision Song Contest - Hosts, Eurovision Song Contest - Interval Acts, Eurovision Song Contest - Winning Streaks, Eurovision Song Contest - Musical Styles, Eurovision Song Contest - Winners, Eurovision Song Contest - Selection procedures, Eurovision Song Contest - Spinoffs and imitators, Eurovision Song Contest - The Junior Eurovision Song Contest, Eurovision Song Contest - Intervision Song Contest, Eurovision Song Contest - The 50th Anniversary Contest, Eurovision Song Contest - Trivia, Eurovision Song Contest - The Contest in Popular Culture, Eurovision Song Contest - See Also, Eurovision Song Contest - Endnotes Read more here: » Eurovision Song Contest: Encyclopedia II - Eurovision Song Contest - Voting |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Salgueiro Maia - After the revolution Salgueiro Maia was not promoted because he never sought any promotion or position of power because of his actions during the Carnation Revolution. For a time he was forgotten. However, in Castelo de Vide, his birthplace where he was also buried, as well as in Santarém from where he departed on his mission, streets are named after him. The movie "April Captains" (Portuguese title: "Capitães de Abril", German title: "Nelken für die Freiheit"), shot in 1999, deals with the events of the 24 and 25 April 1974 in Portugal and, among othe ...
See also:Salgueiro Maia, Salgueiro Maia - Carnation Revolution, Salgueiro Maia - After the revolution, Salgueiro Maia - Quotes of Salgueiro Maia, Salgueiro Maia - Weblinks Read more here: » Salgueiro Maia: Encyclopedia II - Salgueiro Maia - After the revolution |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Avante! - The History
Avante! - The Early Years.
Avante! was first published February 15, 1931, as an appeal to the Portuguese proletariat, asking it to join the Communist Party's ranks. Despite this, it only started to be a regularly published newspaper in 1941 due to the constant and brutal repression against the PCP led by the Portuguese Fascist authorities, who consistently assaulted the clandestine printing offices as well as the regular persecution, arrest and torture actions against the members of the Communist Party, some of whom were responsible for the newspaper.
Av ...
See also:Avante!, Avante! - The History, Avante! - The Early Years, Avante! - The 1940s and the 1950s, Avante! - The 1960s, Avante! - The 1970s, Avante! - Since the 1980s, Avante! - Sections, Avante! - Historical list of Executive editors incomplete, Avante! - Avante! Festival Read more here: » Avante!: Encyclopedia II - Avante! - The History |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - East Timor - History Main article: History of East Timor
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in the area, in the 16th century, and they established an isolated presence on the island of Timor, while the surrounding islands came under Dutch control.
In late 1941 Portuguese Timor was briefly occupied by Dutch and Australian troops, who aimed to thwart a Japanese invasion of the island. The Portuguese Governor protested the invasion, and the Dutch forces returned to the Dutch side of the island. When the Japanese landed and drove ...
See also:East Timor, East Timor - History, East Timor - Politics, East Timor - Districts, East Timor - Geography, East Timor - Economy, East Timor - Demographics, East Timor - Languages, East Timor - Culture, East Timor - Public Holidays, East Timor - Miscellaneous topics, East Timor - Trivia Read more here: » East Timor: Encyclopedia II - East Timor - History |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - History of Indonesia - Pre-colonial civilizations By the time of the European Renaissance, the two largest islands in what is now Indonesia, Java and Sumatra had already seen over a millennia of civilization and two major empires.
History of Indonesia - Kingdom of Mataram.
For full coverage, see Kingdom of Mataram
Mataram was an Indianized kingdom based in Central Java (the area surrounding modern-day Yogjakarta) between the 8th and 10th centuries CE. The centre of the kingdom was moved from Central Java to East Java by Mpu Sindok. The move may have been caus ...
See also:History of Indonesia, History of Indonesia - Prehistory, History of Indonesia - Early settlement, History of Indonesia - Pre-colonial civilizations, History of Indonesia - Kingdom of Mataram, History of Indonesia - Srivijaya Empire, History of Indonesia - Singhasari and the Majapahit Empire, History of Indonesia - Sultanate of Mataram, History of Indonesia - Colonial era, History of Indonesia - Dutch East-India Company, History of Indonesia - Dutch state rule, History of Indonesia - Early nationalist groups, History of Indonesia - World War II, History of Indonesia - Japanese occupation, History of Indonesia - Nationalist Revolution, History of Indonesia - Independence era, History of Indonesia - Guided Democracy, History of Indonesia - West Irian question, History of Indonesia - Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, History of Indonesia - Civil War, History of Indonesia - New Order era, History of Indonesia - Act of Free Choice, History of Indonesia - Annexation of East Timor, History of Indonesia - Transmigration, History of Indonesia - Pro-democracy movement, History of Indonesia - Fiscal crisis, History of Indonesia - Reformation era, History of Indonesia - East Timorese Independence, History of Indonesia - Wahid administration, History of Indonesia - Megawati administration, History of Indonesia - Yudhoyono administration, History of Indonesia - References and further reading Read more here: » History of Indonesia: Encyclopedia II - History of Indonesia - Pre-colonial civilizations |
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| | | | | Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Goa - History Goa has a long history stretching back to the 3rd century BC, when it formed part of the Mauryan Empire. Goa was later ruled by the Satavahanas of Kolhapur (in Maharashtra) around two thousand years ago. It eventually passed to the Chalukyas of Badami, who controlled it between 580 to 750. Over the next few centuries Goa was successively ruled by the Silharas, the Kadambas and the Chalukyans of K ...
See also:Goa, Goa - Origin of name, Goa - History, Goa - Geography and climate, Goa - Subdivisions, Goa - Flora and fauna, Goa - Economy, Goa - Transport, Goa - Demographics, Goa - Culture, Goa - Sports, Goa - Government and politics, Goa - Media, Goa - Education Read more here: » Goa: Encyclopedia II - Goa - History |
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