Carnation Revolution

Aram Karapetyan, leader of the New Times political party, has declared his intention to start a "revolution from below" in April 2005, saying that the situation was different now that people had seen the developments in the CIS. He added that the Armenian revolution will be peaceful but not have a color. [6]. Azerbaijan Two movements were created in Azerbaijan in mid-2005, both seemingly inspired by the examples of Georgia and Ukraine. A youth group, calling itself Yox!, declared its opposition to government ...

See also:

Color revolution, Color revolution - Color revolutions, Color revolution - Post-communist states, Color revolution - Related usages in the Middle East, Color revolution - Influencing factors, Color revolution - Anti-Communist revolutions, Color revolution - Student movements, Color revolution - Soros foundation and U.S. influence, Color revolution - Reactions and connected movements in other countries, Color revolution - External link

Read more here: » Color revolution: Encyclopedia II - Color revolution - Reactions and connected movements in other countries

Every year, in the first weekend of September (since 1976) the party carries a gigantic festival, the Avante! Festival (Portuguese: Festa do Avante!) named after the Party's official newspaper. After taking part in different locations around Lisbon, like the Lisbon International Fair, Ajuda or Loures, it is now carried out in Amora, a town near Seixal in a ground bought by the Party after a massive fundraising campaign in the early 1990s. The campaign was considered by the Party as the only way to avoid the boycott organised by the owners of the previ ...

See also:

Portuguese Communist Party, Portuguese Communist Party - Principles and internal organization, Portuguese Communist Party - Fundamental principles, Portuguese Communist Party - Internal organization, Portuguese Communist Party - The History of the Portuguese Communist Party, Portuguese Communist Party - The Origins and Foundation of the Party, Portuguese Communist Party - Outlawing of the Party and the long clandestine struggle, Portuguese Communist Party - The Carnation Revolution of 1974 and the first years of Democracy, Portuguese Communist Party - The end of the Socialist Bloc and the new challenges, Portuguese Communist Party - The Party's electoral results, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in parliamentary elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in local elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in European Parliament elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in presidential elections, Portuguese Communist Party - The media of the Party, Portuguese Communist Party - The Youth Organization, Portuguese Communist Party - Avante! Festival, Portuguese Communist Party - Historical List of PCP's General Secretaries, Portuguese Communist Party - List of some famous PCP members friends and supporters, Portuguese Communist Party - Gallery of posters, Portuguese Communist Party - Notes

Read more here: » Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese Communist Party - Avante! Festival

The youth organization of PCP is the Portuguese Communist Youth (Portuguese: Juventude Comunista Portuguesa or JCP), founded in November 10, 1979, after the unification of the Communist Students League (Portuguese: União dos Estudantes Comunistas or UEC) and the Young Communist League (Portuguese: União dos Jovens Comunistas or UJC). The JCP is a member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth, a youth non-governmental organization that congregates several left-wing youth organizations fr ...

See also:

Portuguese Communist Party, Portuguese Communist Party - Principles and internal organization, Portuguese Communist Party - Fundamental principles, Portuguese Communist Party - Internal organization, Portuguese Communist Party - The History of the Portuguese Communist Party, Portuguese Communist Party - The Origins and Foundation of the Party, Portuguese Communist Party - Outlawing of the Party and the long clandestine struggle, Portuguese Communist Party - The Carnation Revolution of 1974 and the first years of Democracy, Portuguese Communist Party - The end of the Socialist Bloc and the new challenges, Portuguese Communist Party - The Party's electoral results, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in parliamentary elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in local elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in European Parliament elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in presidential elections, Portuguese Communist Party - The media of the Party, Portuguese Communist Party - The Youth Organization, Portuguese Communist Party - Avante! Festival, Portuguese Communist Party - Historical List of PCP's General Secretaries, Portuguese Communist Party - List of some famous PCP members friends and supporters, Portuguese Communist Party - Gallery of posters, Portuguese Communist Party - Notes

Read more here: » Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese Communist Party - The Youth Organization

"Great Rally", Lisbon, June 28 of 1974 58th Anniversary of the October Revolution Rally of friendship, with Álvaro Cunhal and Georges Marchais Who fears Communism? The parasites. For us and for you, Vote PCP, election of 1975 9th Congress, Barreiro, May 31, June 1,2 and 3 of 1979 Avante! Festival, 1986 Vote for the United People Alliance 6th Congress of the Communist Youth, 1999 Alegria Festival, in Braga, 2003See also:

Portuguese Communist Party, Portuguese Communist Party - Principles and internal organization, Portuguese Communist Party - Fundamental principles, Portuguese Communist Party - Internal organization, Portuguese Communist Party - The History of the Portuguese Communist Party, Portuguese Communist Party - The Origins and Foundation of the Party, Portuguese Communist Party - Outlawing of the Party and the long clandestine struggle, Portuguese Communist Party - The Carnation Revolution of 1974 and the first years of Democracy, Portuguese Communist Party - The end of the Socialist Bloc and the new challenges, Portuguese Communist Party - The Party's electoral results, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in parliamentary elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in local elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in European Parliament elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in presidential elections, Portuguese Communist Party - The media of the Party, Portuguese Communist Party - The Youth Organization, Portuguese Communist Party - Avante! Festival, Portuguese Communist Party - Historical List of PCP's General Secretaries, Portuguese Communist Party - List of some famous PCP members friends and supporters, Portuguese Communist Party - Gallery of posters, Portuguese Communist Party - Notes

Read more here: » Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese Communist Party - Gallery of posters

José Carlos Rates — (1923– ?) — Carlos Rates was elected after the 1st congress, held in Lisbon in 1923. He was chosen to General Secretary by the delegate of the Communist International in Portugal, Jules Humbert-Droz, after several problems inside the newly founded Party. Later, Bento António Gonçalves would become the Party's General Secretary and criticize Rates' work as the leader of PCP. < ...

See also:

Portuguese Communist Party, Portuguese Communist Party - Principles and internal organization, Portuguese Communist Party - Fundamental principles, Portuguese Communist Party - Internal organization, Portuguese Communist Party - The History of the Portuguese Communist Party, Portuguese Communist Party - The Origins and Foundation of the Party, Portuguese Communist Party - Outlawing of the Party and the long clandestine struggle, Portuguese Communist Party - The Carnation Revolution of 1974 and the first years of Democracy, Portuguese Communist Party - The end of the Socialist Bloc and the new challenges, Portuguese Communist Party - The Party's electoral results, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in parliamentary elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in local elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in European Parliament elections, Portuguese Communist Party - Results in presidential elections, Portuguese Communist Party - The media of the Party, Portuguese Communist Party - The Youth Organization, Portuguese Communist Party - Avante! Festival, Portuguese Communist Party - Historical List of PCP's General Secretaries, Portuguese Communist Party - List of some famous PCP members friends and supporters, Portuguese Communist Party - Gallery of posters, Portuguese Communist Party - Notes

Read more here: » Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese Communist Party - Historical List of PCP's General Secretaries

List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Prime Ministers during the Napoleonic invasions. ...

See also:

List of Prime Ministers of Portugal, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Prime Ministers before Liberalism, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Prime Ministers during the Napoleonic invasions, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - First Liberalism 1821-1828, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Absolutistic restoration, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Liberal government in exile, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Prime Ministers of the Constitutional Monarchy 1834-1910, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - First Republic 1911-1926, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Military Dictatorship 1926-1932, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Estado Novo 1932-1974, List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Third Republic since 1974

Read more here: » List of Prime Ministers of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Prime Ministers before Liberalism

Fisk gained a BA in English and Classics at Lancaster University and a PhD in Political Science, awarded by Trinity College, Dublin in 1985. From 1972 - 1975 Fisk served as Belfast correspondent for The Times, before becoming its correspondent in Portugal covering the aftermath of the 1974 revolution. He then was appointed Middle East correspondent (1976 - 1988). He later moved to The Independent, with his first re ...

See also:

Robert Fisk, Robert Fisk - Career, Robert Fisk - Assaulted in Afghanistan, Robert Fisk - 2003 Iraq War, Robert Fisk - Praise and awards, Robert Fisk - Foreign affairs analysis, Robert Fisk - Criticism and opposition, Robert Fisk - Notes, Robert Fisk - Works

Read more here: » Robert Fisk: Encyclopedia II - Robert Fisk - Career

They are also metropolitan areas, but smaller. Subdivisions of Portugal - Oeste. Oeste (Eng. West) is a community northwest of Lisbon in the central-litoral part of Portugal. The capital is Caldas da Rainha and it has 12 municipalities (largest to smallest): Torres Vedras, Alcobaça, Caldas da Rainha, Alenquer, Peniche, Lourinhã, Nazaré, Cadaval, Bombarral, Óbidos, Arruda dos Vinhos and Sobral de Monte Agraço. By the 2001 census, its population was 338,747 inhabitants. < ...

See also:

Subdivisions of Portugal, Subdivisions of Portugal - Districts, Subdivisions of Portugal - Regions, Subdivisions of Portugal - Metropolitan Areas, Subdivisions of Portugal - Lisbon Lisboa, Subdivisions of Portugal - Oporto Porto, Subdivisions of Portugal - Minho, Subdivisions of Portugal - Aveiro, Subdivisions of Portugal - Coimbra, Subdivisions of Portugal - Algarve, Subdivisions of Portugal - Viseu, Subdivisions of Portugal - Urban Communities, Subdivisions of Portugal - Oeste, Subdivisions of Portugal - Vale do Sousa, Subdivisions of Portugal - Leiria, Subdivisions of Portugal - Lezíria do Tejo, Subdivisions of Portugal - Baixo Alentejo, Subdivisions of Portugal - Trás-os-Montes, Subdivisions of Portugal - Valimar, Subdivisions of Portugal - Centro Alentejo, Subdivisions of Portugal - Baixo Tâmega, Subdivisions of Portugal - Douro, Subdivisions of Portugal - Médio Tejo, Subdivisions of Portugal - Beiras, Subdivisions of Portugal - Intermunicipal communities, Subdivisions of Portugal - Pinhal, Subdivisions of Portugal - Vale do Minho, Subdivisions of Portugal - Undefined areas, Subdivisions of Portugal - Autonomous regions, Subdivisions of Portugal - Azores, Subdivisions of Portugal - Madeira, Subdivisions of Portugal - Former Regions, Subdivisions of Portugal - Provinces/Regions 1936–1976, Subdivisions of Portugal - Overseas Provinces

Read more here: » Subdivisions of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Subdivisions of Portugal - Urban Communities

Coups have long been part of political tradition. Indeed, Julius Caesar orchestrated a coup and was subsequently the victim of another coup. Many Roman emperors, such as Claudius, came to power in coups, as did King Jehu of Israel. In the November of 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup and seized power in France. In the late 20th century coups occurred most commonly in developing countries, particularly in Latin America (e.g. Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina), Africa and Asia (Pakistan), but also in the Asia Pacific (Fiji and ...

See also:

Coup d'état, Coup d'état - History, Coup d'état - Recent forms of coup, Coup d'état - Types of coups, Coup d'état - Post-military-coup governments, Coup d'état - Important coups in the 19th century, Coup d'état - Important coups in the 20th century, Coup d'état - Recent coups and coup attempts, Coup d'état - Currently-serving leaders who came to power via coups, Coup d'état - Reference

Read more here: » Coup d'état: Encyclopedia II - Coup d'état - History

Traditional holidays: Month 1 Day 1 - Chinese Lunar New Year Month 1 Day 15 - Lantern Festival April 4/April 5 - Qing Ming Jie Month 5 Day 5 - Dragon Boat Month 7 Day 7 - Qi Xi Month 7 Day 15 - Ghost Festival Month 8 Day 15 - Mid-Autumn Festival Month 9 Day 9 - Double Ninth Festival Holidays in People's Republic of China: January 1 - New Year's Day January 2 - New Year's Day Holiday May 1-May 3 - Labour Day July 1 - CPC Founding Day August 1 - Army D ...

See also:

List of holidays by country, List of holidays by country - Albania, List of holidays by country - Armenia, List of holidays by country - Australia, List of holidays by country - Belgium, List of holidays by country - Bhutan, List of holidays by country - Brazil, List of holidays by country - Bulgaria, List of holidays by country - Canada, List of holidays by country - Chile, List of holidays by country - China, List of holidays by country - Cyprus, List of holidays by country - Czech Republic, List of holidays by country - Denmark, List of holidays by country - Egypt, List of holidays by country - Estonia, List of holidays by country - Finland, List of holidays by country - France, List of holidays by country - Germany, List of holidays by country - Greece, List of holidays by country - Gibraltar, List of holidays by country - Hungary, List of holidays by country - India, List of holidays by country - Indonesia, List of holidays by country - Iran, List of holidays by country - Ireland, List of holidays by country - Israel, List of holidays by country - Italy, List of holidays by country - Japan, List of holidays by country - Latvia, List of holidays by country - Luxembourg, List of holidays by country - Malaysia, List of holidays by country - Mexico, List of holidays by country - The Netherlands, List of holidays by country - New Zealand, List of holidays by country - North Korea, List of holidays by country - Norway, List of holidays by country - Philippines, List of holidays by country - Poland, List of holidays by country - Portugal, List of holidays by country - Romania, List of holidays by country - Russia, List of holidays by country - Singapore, List of holidays by country - Solomon Islands, List of holidays by country - South Africa, List of holidays by country - South Korea, List of holidays by country - Sweden, List of holidays by country - Thailand, List of holidays by country - Tibet, List of holidays by country - Turkey, List of holidays by country - Ukraine, List of holidays by country - United Kingdom and Crown dependencies, List of holidays by country - United States, List of holidays by country - Puerto Rico, List of holidays by country - Venezuela

Read more here: » List of holidays by country: Encyclopedia II - List of holidays by country - China

Soares began his studies at Colégio Moderno, owned by his father. where for a short period he was taught Geography by Álvaro Cunhal, who would later became the towering figure of Portuguese communism and one of Soares' greatest political rivals. While a student at University, Soares joined the Portuguese Communist Party, being responsible for the youth section. In this capacity, he organised demonstrations in Lisbon to celebrate the end of WWII. He was first arrested by PIDE, the Portuguese political police, in 1946, when he was par ...

See also:

Mário Soares, Mário Soares - Early life, Mário Soares - Political activity during the Estado Novo, Mário Soares - Democracy, Mário Soares - Prime Minister, Mário Soares - Presidency, Mário Soares - Post presidency

Read more here: » Mário Soares: Encyclopedia II - Mário Soares - Early life

Elections in Portugal - Latest. Main article: Portuguese presidential election, 2006 Elections in Portugal - Past. Portuguese presidential election, 1976 Portuguese presidential election, 1980 Portuguese presidential election, 1986 Portuguese presidential election, 1991 Portuguese presidential elect ...

See also:

Elections in Portugal, Elections in Portugal - Presidential Elections, Elections in Portugal - Latest, Elections in Portugal - Past, Elections in Portugal - Legislative elections, Elections in Portugal - Latest legislative election, Elections in Portugal - Past legislative elections, Elections in Portugal - Regional legislative elections, Elections in Portugal - European Parliament elections, Elections in Portugal - Local elections, Elections in Portugal - Referendums

Read more here: » Elections in Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Elections in Portugal - Presidential Elections

The countries that we now know as Spain and Portugal spent the Middle Ages after 722 in an intermittent struggle called the Reconquista. This struggle pitted the northern Christian kingdoms against the Islamic kingdoms of the South and among themselves. The Portuguese Reconquista culminated in 1272 with the conquest of Algarve by Afonso III, setting Portuguese borders almost in the Iberian Peninsula. During the 15th century, the Crown of Aragon and Portugal expanded territorially seawards (Castille did not complete the conquest ...

See also:

Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Empire - The beginnings of the empire 1415-1580, Portuguese Empire - The Habsburg kings 1580-1640, Portuguese Empire - The Empire of Brazil 1640-1822, Portuguese Empire - The African Empire 1822-1945, Portuguese Empire - Decline and Fall 1945-1999, Portuguese Empire - Territories of the Portuguese empire

Read more here: » Portuguese Empire: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese Empire - The beginnings of the empire 1415-1580

Early postal history of the colony is obscure, but regular mail is known to have been exchanged with Lisbon from 1825 on. Portugal having a postal convention with Great Britain, much mail was probably routed through Bombay and carried on British packets. Portuguese handstamped postmarks are known from 1854. The first postage stamps were issued 1 October 1871. These were purely local, and stamps of British India were also needed for overseas mail. The design of these first stamps simply consisted of a denomimation in the center, with a ...

See also:

Portuguese India, Portuguese India - Early history, Portuguese India - After India's independence, Portuguese India - Postage stamps and postal history

Read more here: » Portuguese India: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese India - Postage stamps and postal history

Portugal - Lusitania. Main articles: Pre-Roman and Roman Lusitania In the early first millennium BC, several waves of Celts invaded Portugal from Central Europe and intermarried with local peoples, the Iberians, forming the Celt-Iberians. Early Greek explorers named the region "Ophiussa" (Greek for "land of serpents") because the natives worshipped serpents. In 238 BC, the Carthaginians occupied the Iberian coasts. In this period several small tribes occupied the territory, the main tr ...

See also:

Portugal, Portugal - History, Portugal - Lusitania, Portugal - The kingdom, Portugal - The Portuguese discoveries, Portugal - Braganza Dynasty, Portugal - The republics, Portugal - Government and politics, Portugal - Foreign relations and military, Portugal - Subdivisions, Portugal - Geography and climate, Portugal - Flora and fauna, Portugal - Economy, Portugal - Transportation and communications, Portugal - Demographics, Portugal - Education, Portugal - Culture, Portugal - Cuisine, Portugal - Sports and games, Portugal - Festivals and holidays, Portugal - Notes

Read more here: » Portugal: Encyclopedia II - Portugal - History

Political revolutions are often characterised by violence, and vast changes in power structures that can often result in further, institutionalised, violence, as in the Russian and French revolutions (with the "Purges" and "the Terror", respectively). A political revolution is the forcible replacement of one set of rulers with another (as happened in France and Russia), while a social revolution is the fundamental change in the social structure of a society, such as the Protestant Reformation or the Renaissance. However, blurri ...

See also:

Revolution, Revolution - Social and political revolutions, Revolution - Ancient revolutions, Revolution - Liberal revolutions, Revolution - Socialist and/or Communist revolutions, Revolution - Eastern European anti-Communist/anti-dictatorship revolutions, Revolution - Islamist revolutions, Revolution - Color revolutions, Revolution - Cultural intellectual and philosophical revolutions, Revolution - Technological revolutions

Read more here: » Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Revolution - Social and political revolutions

FRELIMO was founded in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on 25 June 1962, when three regionally based nationalist organizations – the Mozambican African National Union (MANU), National Democratic Union of Mozambique (UDENAMO), and the National African Union of Independent Mozambique (UNAMI) merged into one broad based guerrilla movement. Under the leadership of Eduardo Mondlane, elected president of the newly formed Mozambican Liberation Front, FRELIMO settled its headquarters in 1963 outside of Mozambique in Dar-es-Salaam and fought for liberation ...

See also:

Mozambican Liberation Front, Mozambican Liberation Front - Independence war 1962-1975, Mozambican Liberation Front - Civil War 1975-1992, Mozambican Liberation Front - From the 1990s until today, Mozambican Liberation Front - Presidents from FRELIMO

Read more here: » Mozambican Liberation Front: Encyclopedia II - Mozambican Liberation Front - Independence war 1962-1975

Notes: One more MP was elected in Macau, by the Independent Democratic Association of Macau (1622 votes), the other party runing in Macau was the Democratic Center of Macau (1030 votes) (source: Portuguese Electoral Comission) ...

See also:

Portuguese legislative election 1975, Portuguese legislative election 1975 - National summary of votes and seats

Read more here: » Portuguese legislative election 1975: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese legislative election 1975 - National summary of votes and seats

The countries that we now know as Spain and Portugal spent the Middle Ages after 722 in an intermittent struggle called the Reconquista. This struggle pitted the northern Christian kingdoms against the Islamic kingdoms of the South and among themselves. The Portuguese Reconquista culminated in 1272 with the conquest of Algarve by Afonso III, setting Portuguese borders almost in the Iberian Peninsula. During the 15th century, the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Portugal expanded territorially seawards (Castille did not complete ...

See also:

Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Empire - The beginnings of the empire 1415-1580, Portuguese Empire - The Habsburg kings 1580-1640, Portuguese Empire - The Empire of Brazil 1640-1822, Portuguese Empire - The African Empire 1822-1945, Portuguese Empire - Decline and Fall 1945-1999, Portuguese Empire - Territories of the Portuguese empire, Portuguese Empire - in Africa, Portuguese Empire - in the Americas & North Atlantic, Portuguese Empire - in Asia

Read more here: » Portuguese Empire: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese Empire - The beginnings of the empire 1415-1580

The origins of PIDE can be traced to 1933, the year of the inauguration of the Estado Novo. Under direct orders from Salazar himself, the PVDE (Polícia de Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado; State Defense and Vigilance Police) was created, with 2 main sections: Social and Political Defense section, which was used to prevent and repress crimes of a political and social nature (see: Censorship) International Section, which was used to control the entrance of immigrants, to expel undesirable immigrants and to take care of counter-espionage and/ ...

See also:

PIDE, PIDE - The PVDE, PIDE - The PIDE, PIDE - The DGS, PIDE - The end of PIDE/DGS

Read more here: » PIDE: Encyclopedia II - PIDE - The PVDE

Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho was born in Lourenço Marques, now Maputo, Mozambique. Named by his theatre-minded parents (his father was a civil servant and his mother a railway clerk) after Shakespeare's Othello, he had his secondary education at a state school in Maputo. He entered the Military Academy in Lisbon at the age of nineteen. Carvalho spent many years in the colonial war in Africa. He served in Angola in 1961 - 1963 as a second lieutenant, and as a captain in 1965 - 1967. He was posted to Guinea-Bissau in 1970 as a captain, under General António de Spínola, in charge o ...

See also:

Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho - Biography, Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho - Electoral results, Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho - Presidential Elections of 27 June 1976, Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho - Presidential Elections of 7 December 1980

Read more here: » Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho: Encyclopedia II - Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho - Biography