Carnation Revolution - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia - Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese, Revolução dos Cravos) was an almost bloodless left-leaning military-lead revolution started on Ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Salgueiro Maia: Encyclopedia Ii - Salgueiro Maia - Carnation Revolution
Salgueiro Maia, a young captain who drilled officers-in-training and sergeants-in-training, was informed about the plans of the Movimento...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carnation Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Carnation Revolution - Context
In the beginning of the 1970s, the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo continued to weigh heavily on the country, after a half-centur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Color Revolution: Encyclopedia - Color Revolution
Color revolutions or Flower revolutions are the names given collectively to a series of related movements that developed in post-communis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Communist Party - The History Of The Portuguese Communist Party
Portuguese Communist Party - The Origins and Foundation of the Party. The Portuguese Communist Party was founded on 6 March 1921. At th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Color Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Color Revolution - Color Revolutions
Color revolution - Post-communist states. The demonstrations in Yugoslavia in 2000, which led to the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rose Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Rose Revolution - Legacy
A new era is said to have begun in Georgia after the Rose Revolution. While the West considers the Rose Revolution a move towards democra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1974: Encyclopedia - 1974
1974 (MCMLXXIV) is a common year starting on Tuesday (click on link for calendar). 1974 - Events. January 5 - Dungeons & Dragons o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Revolution: Encyclopedia - Revolution
A revolution is a relatively sudden, and absolutely drastic change (a "complete turn-around"). This may be a change in the social or poli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carnation: Encyclopedia - Carnation
The Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is a flowering plant native to the Near East and has been cultivated for the last 2,000 years. Its ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coup D'état: Encyclopedia - Coup D'état
A coup d'état (pronounced /ku de'ta/), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a smaller supposedly w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - April 25: Encyclopedia - April 25
April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). There are 250 days remaining. April 25 - Events. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Avante!: Encyclopedia - Avante!
Part of the Politics of Portugal series Communist Youth Avante! O Militante Avante! Festival Unitarian Democratic Coalition European Unit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Communist Party - Principles And Internal Organization
Portuguese Communist Party - Fundamental principles. The 1st article of the Portuguese Communist Party statutes define it as: The poli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Communist Party - The Party's Electoral Results
Portuguese Communist Party - Results in parliamentary elections. (source: Portuguese Electoral Commission) Note: In 1991 the overall n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Communist Party - The Media Of The Party
The Portuguese Communist Party publishes the weekly Avante! (Forward!), widely distributed throughout the country, and also the magazine ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rose Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Rose Revolution - Change Of Power
The opposition protest reached its peak on November 22, the day of an opening session of a new parliament, which was considered illegitim...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rose Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Rose Revolution - Elections And Protests
Georgia held parliamentary elections on November 2, 2003 which were denounced by local and international observers as being grossly rigge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Communist Party - Avante! Festival
Every year, in the first weekend of September (since 1976) the party carries a gigantic festival, the Avante! Festival (Portuguese: Festa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Color Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Color Revolution - Influencing Factors
Color revolution - Anti-Communist revolutions. Many have cited the influence of the series of revolutions which occurred in Central and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Color Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Color Revolution - Reactions And Connected Movements In Other Countries
Aram Karapetyan, leader of the New Times political party, has declared his intention to start a "revolution from below" in April 2005, sa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Communist Party - Avante! Festival
Every year, in the first weekend of September (since 1976) the party carries a gigantic festival, the Avante! Festival (Portuguese: Festa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Communist Party - The Youth Organization
The youth organization of PCP is the Portuguese Communist Youth (Portuguese: Juventude Comunista Portuguesa or JCP), founded in November ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Communist Party - Gallery Of Posters
"Great Rally", Lisbon, June 28 of 1974 58th Anniversary of the October Revolution Rally of friendship, with Álvaro Cunhal and Georges Ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Communist Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Communist Party - Historical List Of Pcp's General Secretaries
José Carlos Rates — (1923– ?) — Carlos Rates was elected after the 1st congress, held in Lisbon in 1923. He was chosen to G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Prime Ministers Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Prime Ministers Of Portugal - Prime Ministers Before Liberalism
List of Prime Ministers of Portugal - Prime Ministers during the Napoleonic invasions. ... See also:List of Prime Ministers of Port...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Robert Fisk: Encyclopedia Ii - Robert Fisk - Career
Fisk gained a BA in English and Classics at Lancaster University and a PhD in Political Science, awarded by Trinity College, Dublin in 19...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Subdivisions Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Subdivisions Of Portugal - Urban Communities
They are also metropolitan areas, but smaller. Subdivisions of Portugal - Oeste. Oeste (Eng. West) is a community northwest of Lisbon i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coup D'état: Encyclopedia Ii - Coup D'état - History
Coups have long been part of political tradition. Indeed, Julius Caesar orchestrated a coup and was subsequently the victim of another co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Holidays By Country: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Holidays By Country - China
Traditional holidays: Month 1 Day 1 - Chinese Lunar New Year Month 1 Day 15 - Lantern Festival April 4/April 5 - Qing Ming Jie Month 5 D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mário Soares: Encyclopedia Ii - Mário Soares - Early Life
Soares began his studies at Colégio Moderno, owned by his father. where for a short period he was taught Geography by Álvaro Cunhal, wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Elections In Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Elections In Portugal - Presidential Elections
Elections in Portugal - Latest. Main article: Portuguese presidential election, 2006 Elections in Portugal - Past. Portuguese pres...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Empire - The Beginnings Of The Empire 1415-1580
The countries that we now know as Spain and Portugal spent the Middle Ages after 722 in an intermittent struggle called the Reconquista. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese India: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese India - Postage Stamps And Postal History
Early postal history of the colony is obscure, but regular mail is known to have been exchanged with Lisbon from 1825 on. Portugal having...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Portugal - History
Portugal - Lusitania. Main articles: Pre-Roman and Roman Lusitania In the early first millennium BC, several waves of Celts invaded Por...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Revolution - Social And Political Revolutions
Political revolutions are often characterised by violence, and vast changes in power structures that can often result in further, institu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mozambican Liberation Front: Encyclopedia Ii - Mozambican Liberation Front - Independence War 1962-1975
FRELIMO was founded in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on 25 June 1962, when three regionally based nationalist organizations – the Mozambican ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Legislative Election 1975: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Legislative Election 1975 - National Summary Of Votes And Seats
Notes: One more MP was elected in Macau, by the Independent Democratic Association of Macau (1622 votes), the other party runing in Maca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Empire - The Beginnings Of The Empire 1415-1580
The countries that we now know as Spain and Portugal spent the Middle Ages after 722 in an intermittent struggle called the Reconquista. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pide: Encyclopedia Ii - Pide - The Pvde
The origins of PIDE can be traced to 1933, the year of the inauguration of the Estado Novo. Under direct orders from Salazar himself, the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Otelo Saraiva De Carvalho: Encyclopedia Ii - Otelo Saraiva De Carvalho - Biography
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho was born in Lourenço Marques, now Maputo, Mozambique. Named by his theatre-minded parents (his father was a ci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rádio E Televisão De Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Rádio E Televisão De Portugal - History
RTP—Radiotelevisão Portuguesa was originally established in December 15, 1955. Experimental broadcasts began in 1956 from the Feira Po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Social Democratic Party Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Social Democratic Party Portugal - In Government And Opposition
The Social Democratic Party participated in a number of coalition governments in Portugal between 1974 and 1979, following the Carnation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zeca Afonso: Encyclopedia Ii - Zeca Afonso - The Beginning Of His Political Action
In 1956 he released his first record, Fados de Coimbra. In 1956/57 he became a teacher and worked in the south of Portugal. Due to his fi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - University Of Lisbon: Encyclopedia Ii - University Of Lisbon - Faculties
University of Lisbon - Faculty of Law. The Faculty of Law (Portuguese: Faculdade de Direito) [1] was officially created by a Decree of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - University Of Coimbra: Encyclopedia Ii - University Of Coimbra - Sports Clubs And Traditions
Closely related with this old university are many academic traditions and institutions with a strong impact on the city's life. The old "...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Non-violent Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Non-violent Revolution - List Of Non-violent Revolutions By Era
Non-violent revolution - Decolonization. Non-violent revolution - Cold War. 1968 - The Prague Spring a period of political liberali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Music Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Music Of Portugal - Fado
Fado (fate in Portuguese) arose in Lisbon as the music of the urban poor. Fado songs are typically lyrically harsh, with the singer resig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Guinea-bissau: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Guinea-bissau - 19th And 20th Centuries
Portuguese conquest and consolidation of the interior did not begin until the latter half of the 19th century. Portugal lost part of Guin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - History
Goa has a long history stretching back to the 3rd century BC, when it formed part of the Mauryan Empire. Goa was later ruled by the Satav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Flag Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Flag Of Portugal - Meaning Of The Flag
Flag of Portugal - Colours. The flag probably has a much more ambiguous meaning than the traditional, most popular explanations for its...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lisbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Lisbon - History
Lisbon - Neolithic era to the Roman Empire. During the Neolithic the region was inhabited by the same peoples that lived in other regio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - Portugal
Portugal's name derives from the Roman name Portus Cale (Latin for Warm Port). Cale was the name of an early settlement located at the mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of West Africa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of West Africa - Prehistory
Archaeological studies at Mejiro Cave have found that early human settlers, probably related to the Pygmies, had arrived in West Africa a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lanka Sama Samaja Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Lanka Sama Samaja Party - History
The Lanka Sama Samaja Party was founded on 18 December 1935 with the broad aims of Independence and Socialism, by a group of young people...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jorge Sampaio: Encyclopedia Ii - Jorge Sampaio - Background
He was born in Lisbon on September 18, 1939. The Sampaio family lived abroad in the United States and England for some years, due to the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1974: Encyclopedia Ii - 1974 - Events
1974 - January. January 5 - Dungeons & Dragons officially released. January 6 - In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eurovision Song Contest: Encyclopedia Ii - Eurovision Song Contest - Voting
Currently, the Contest winner is selected by means of a modified version of the Borda count. Each country ranks all the entries and assig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Salgueiro Maia: Encyclopedia Ii - Salgueiro Maia - After The Revolution
Salgueiro Maia was not promoted because he never sought any promotion or position of power because of his actions during the Carnation Re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Avante!: Encyclopedia Ii - Avante! - The History
Avante! - The Early Years. Avante! was first published February 15, 1931, as an appeal to the Portuguese proletariat, asking it to join...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - East Timor: Encyclopedia Ii - East Timor - History
Main article: History of East Timor The Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in the area, in the 16th century, and they establis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Indonesia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Indonesia - Pre-colonial Civilizations
By the time of the European Renaissance, the two largest islands in what is now Indonesia, Java and Sumatra had already seen over a mille...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - History
Goa has a long history stretching back to the 3rd century BC, when it formed part of the Mauryan Empire. Goa was later ruled by the Satav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coup D'état: Encyclopedia Ii - Coup D'état - History
Coups have long been part of political tradition. Indeed, Julius Caesar orchestrated a coup and was subsequently the victim of another co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1974: Encyclopedia Ii - 1974 - Events
1974 - January. January 5 - Dungeons & Dragons officially released. January 6 - In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eurovision Song Contest: Encyclopedia Ii - Eurovision Song Contest - Voting
Currently, the contest winner is selected by means of a modified version of the Borda count. Each country ranks all the entries and assig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - Early History
Portugal has been inhabited for at least 500,000 years, first by Neanderthals and then by homo sapiens. In the early first millennium BCE...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - Roman Lusitania
In 219 BCE, the first Roman troops invaded the Iberian Peninsula. Within 200 years, almost the entire peninsula was dominated, becoming p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Guinea-bissau: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Guinea-bissau - Democracy
In 1994, 20 years after independence from Portugal, the country's first multiparty legislative and presidential elections were held. An a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Guinea-bissau: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Guinea-bissau - Vieira's Presidency
From November 1980 to May 1984, power was held by a provisional government responsible to a Revolutionary Council headed by President Jo�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - East Timor: Encyclopedia Ii - East Timor - Geography
Main article: Geography of East Timor Timor is the Malay word for "east". The island of Timor is part of the Malay archipelago and the la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - Discoveries Odyssey: Glory Of The Empire
During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal eclipsed most other nations in terms of economic, political, and cultural influence and it h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - Crises Of The Nineteenth Century
In 1807 Portugal refused Napoleon's demand to accede to the Continental System of embargo against the United Kingdom; a French invasion u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - The First Republic
The First Republic has, over the course of a recent past, lost many historians to the New State. As a result, it's difficult to attempt a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - New State Estado Novo
Political chaos, several strikes, harsh relations with the Church, and considerable economic problems aggravated by a disastrous military...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - Pombaline Era
In 1738, Sebastião de Melo, the talented son of a Lisbon squire, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - Decline Of The Empire
From the 16th century, Portugal gradually saw its wealth decreasing. Even if Portugal was officially an autonomous state, the country was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - Affirmation Of Portugal
In 1095, Portugal separated almost definitely from the Kingdom of Galicia, both under the rule of the Kingdom of Leon, just like Castile ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Guinea-bissau: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Guinea-bissau - Struggle For Independence
Main article: Guinea-Bissauan Revolution In 1956, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) was organized c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - Moorish Rule And The Reconquista
In 711, the Islamic Moors (mainly Berber with some Arab) invaded the Iberian Peninsula, destroying the Visigothic Kingdom. Many of the ou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Geography And Climate
Image:India Goa Anjuna Beach.jpg Goa encompasses an area of 3,702 km² (1,430 sq mile). It lies between the latitudes 14°53'54...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - East Timor: Encyclopedia Ii - East Timor - Languages
Main article: Languages of East Timor East Timor's two official languages are Portuguese and Tetum, a local Austronesian language. Indone...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - East Timor: Encyclopedia Ii - East Timor - Demographics
Main article: Demographics of East Timor The Timorese are known collectively as Maubere, an originally derogatory name turned into a name...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Geography And Climate
Goa encompasses an area of 3,702 km² (1,430 sq mile). It lies between the latitudes 14°53'54" N and 15°40'00" N and longitud...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mozambican Liberation Front: Encyclopedia Ii - Mozambican Liberation Front - From The 1990s Until Today
At the elections in late 1999, President Chissano was re-elected with 52.3% of the vote, and FRELIMO secured 133 of 250 parliamentary sea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mozambican Liberation Front: Encyclopedia Ii - Mozambican Liberation Front - Civil War 1975-1992
The new government was engaged in a civil war with an anti-Communist political faction known as RENAMO sponsored by the governments of Rh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eurovision Song Contest: Encyclopedia Ii - Eurovision Song Contest - Spinoffs And Imitators
There are a number of other contests and events that are either spun off from the Eurovision Song Contest or resemble it closely. Eurovi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Economy
Goa is India's richest state with a GDP per capita one and a half times that of the country as a whole, and one of its fastest growth rat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Transport
Goa's main form of public transport largely consists of privately operated buses linking the major towns to rural areas. Government-run w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Education
Each taluka is made up of villages, each having a school run by the government. However many of the state's residents prefer to enroll in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Portugal - The Third Republic
The Carnation Revolution of 1974, an effectively bloodless left-wing military coup, installed the Third Republic. Broad democratic reform...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Media And Communication
The All India Radio is the only radio channel in the state, broadcasting in both FM and AM bands. Major cellular service operators includ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Media And Communication
The All India Radio is the only radio channel in the state, broadcasting in both FM and AM bands. Major cellular service operators includ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Government And Politics
Panaji (also known by its anglicised name – Panjim) is the administrative capital of Goa lying on the left bank of the Mandovi near Pan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Demographics
A native of Goa is called a Goan in English, Goenkar in Konkani, Goês (male) or Goesa (female) in Portuguese and a Govekar in Marathi. G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Goa: Encyclopedia Ii - Goa - Culture
The most popular celebrations in Goa are Christmas, Ganesh Chaturthi, New Year's Day, the Shigmo festival and the Carnival. However, sinc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - East Timor: Encyclopedia Ii - East Timor - Economy
Main article: Economy of East Timor Prior to and during colonisation Timor was best known for its sandalwood. In late 1999, about 70% of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of West Africa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of West Africa - Colonialism
Though the British had long occupied the coasts of its future colonies, Sierra Leone only became an official British Protectorate in 1896...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Empire - Territories Of The Portuguese Empire
Portuguese Empire - in Africa. Angola/Portuguese West Africa - colony (1575-1589); crown colony (1589-1951); overseas province (1951-1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Social Democratic Party Portugal: Encyclopedia Ii - Social Democratic Party Portugal - History
The Social Democratic Party was born on May 6, 1974, when Francisco Sá Carneiro, Francisco Pinto Balsemão and Joaquim Magalhães Mota p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - University Of Coimbra: Encyclopedia Ii - University Of Coimbra - History
The university was founded, or ratified, in 1290 by King Dinis, having begun its existence in Lisbon. The royal charter announcing the in...   » Read the article