Though they are descended from the monastic vestment bearing the same name, scapulae probably have more in common with the tefillin of Judaism. They are devotional objects designed to show one's pledge to a confraternity, a saint, or a way of life; as well as serving the wearer as a constant reminder of that vow. Many scapulae bear verses from scripture as well. In addition, Maimonides' Mishneh Torah has much to say on the wearing of tefillin that would seem fa ...

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Scapular, Scapular - Origins, Scapular - Symbolism, Scapular - Rules for use of scapulae, Scapular - Specific scapulae, Scapular - Private revelation

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Carmel is the name of several places: In the United States: Carmel, Indiana, USA Carmel, New York, USA Carmel Hamlet, New York, USA Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, USA There is also a Carmel Valley, California. elsewhere: Carmel, Western Australia, Australia Carmel, Gwynedd, Wales In addition, a number of places are named Mount Carmel. Carmel is also the name of a number of C ...

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Carmel, Carmel - Related to Israel, Carmel - Placenames usually in connection with Catholic history, Carmel - Personal names usually Catholic, Carmel - Miscellaneous

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Christian mendicant orders spend their time preaching the Gospel and serving the poor. Both of the two main new orders founded by Saint Dominic and Saint Francis were prompted by a concern to combat the Cathar heresy (in southern France and in northern Italy respectively) by offering a model of service to God within the community. They attracted a significant level of patronage, as much from townsfolk as aristocrats. Their focus of operation rapidly centred on towns where population growth historically outstripped the provision of parishes. ...

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Mendicant order, Mendicant order - Christian mendicant orders, Mendicant order - Non-Christian mendicant orders

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Carmel is the name of several places: In the United States: Carmel, Indiana, USA Carmel, New York, USA Carmel Hamlet, New York, USA Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, USA There is also a Carmel Valley, California. elsewhere: Carmel, Western Australia, Australia Carmel, Gwynedd, Wales In addition, a number of places are named Mount Carmel. Carmel is also the name of a number of ...

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Carmel, Carmel - Related to Israel, Carmel - Placenames, usually in connection with Catholic history, Carmel - Personal names, usually Catholic, Carmel - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Carmel: Encyclopedia II - Carmel - Placenames, usually in connection with Catholic history

After the war, the camp served as a prison of the NKVD through most of 1945 and then remained in a state of disrepair for several years. The Buna Werke were taken over by the Polish government and became the foundation for the chemical industry of the region. The Polish government then decided to restore Auschwitz I and turn it into a museum honoring the victims of nazism; Auschwitz II, where buildings were prone to decay, was preserved but not restored. Today, the Auschwitz I museum site combines elements from several periods ...

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Auschwitz concentration camp, Auschwitz concentration camp - The camp, Auschwitz concentration camp - Auschwitz I, Auschwitz concentration camp - Auschwitz II Birkenau, Auschwitz concentration camp - Auschwitz III and satellite camps, Auschwitz concentration camp - Knowledge of the Allies, Auschwitz concentration camp - Evacuation and liberation, Auschwitz concentration camp - After the war, Auschwitz concentration camp - Other Controversies

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The origins of Christianity in this part of England go back at least to the seventh century, when Saint Birinus brought his mission to the West Saxons in 634. The West Saxon King Cynegils was baptised in the River Thames near the present site of Dorchester Abbey, where the original See was established. The see was transferred in 1092 to Winchester, before being absorbed into the Diocese of Lincoln, the vast area of which covered much of central an ...

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Bishop of Oxford, Bishop of Oxford - Early Times, Bishop of Oxford - Tudor Period, Bishop of Oxford - Subsequent Centuries, Bishop of Oxford - List of the Bishops of Oxford England and its precursor offices, Bishop of Oxford - Sources

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The history of Alnwick is the history of the castle and its lords, from the days of Gilbert Tyson, variously known as Tison, Tisson, and De Tesson, one of the Conqueror's standardbearers, upon whom this northern estate was bestowed, until the present time. After being held by the family of De Vesci (of which the modern rendering is Vasey — a name found all over south-east Northumberland) for over two hundred years, it passed into the h ...

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Alnwick, Alnwick - Overview, Alnwick - Features, Alnwick - History, Alnwick - Commerce & Industry, Alnwick - Communications, Alnwick - Road, Alnwick - Rail, Alnwick - Air, Alnwick - Geography, Alnwick - People, Alnwick - Born in Alnwick, Alnwick - Died in Alnwick

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When James came to revise the book in 1907 for inclusion in the New York Edition of his fiction, he realized how fanciful much of the plot was. He made enormous revisions in the book to try to make all the goings-on more believable, but he was still forced to confess in his preface that The American remained more of a traditional romance rather than a realistic novel. Most critics have regretted the New York Edition revisions as unfortunate marrings of the novel's original exuberance and charm. The earlier version ...

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The American book, The American book - Plot summary, The American book - Key themes, The American book - Critical evaluation, The American book - Derivative work

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Of all the types recognized by the Church the best-known, and perhaps the most popular, is the Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, sometimes referred to as the "brown scapular" from the color of its bands. It is believed to have been originally given by the Blessed Mother to Saint Simon Stock when she appeared in England in 1251. The saint was apparently told by Mary that those who died "clothed in this habit [would] never suffer eternal fire". The brown scapular is also associated with the "Sabbatine Privilege", which states that Mary's m ...

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Scapular, Scapular - Origins, Scapular - Symbolism, Scapular - Rules for use of scapulae, Scapular - Specific scapulae, Scapular - Private revelation

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In the first century, Kokkamangalam was a prosperous Hindu village. According to tradition, St. Thomas, one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus, landed at Kodungalloor, an ancient port on India's Malabar Coast, in the year 52. He founded Christian communities in Kokkamangalam, Kodungalloor, Kollam, Chayal, Niranam, Parur, and Palayoor before he was martyred in Mylapore. The Apostle Thomas performed a miracle in Kokkamangalam, and converted several local Hindu families to Christianity. A church was erected near the village's Hindu temple. The present chu ...

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Kokkamangalam, Kokkamangalam - History, Kokkamangalam - Apostle St.Thomas Pilgrim Center Kokkamangalam

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Geldern - Dragon legend. According to folk legend, local noblemen Wichard and Lupold of Pont fought a fire-breathing dragon around 878. They found it under a medlar trea, and one of them stabbed it with his spear. The dying dragon rattled two or three times: Gelre! Gelre!. In commemoration of this heroic feat, the Lords of Pont founded the city of Geldern at the confluence of the Niers and the Fleuth. See also:

Geldern, Geldern - Geography, Geldern - Location, Geldern - Subdivisions, Geldern - Neighbouring towns and municipalities, Geldern - Coat of arms, Geldern - History, Geldern - Dragon legend, Geldern - Middle Ages, Geldern - 18th century, Geldern - Modern era, Geldern - Religion, Geldern - Territorial reorganization, Geldern - Population, Geldern - Culture and tourism, Geldern - Buildings, Geldern - Events, Geldern - City twinnings, Geldern - Transport, Geldern - Aviation, Geldern - Trains and buses, Geldern - Roads, Geldern - son and daughters of this City, Geldern - Pedigree

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Nuno was beatified on 23 January 1918 by Pope Benedict XV. His memorial is on 1 April. He was on the point of being canonized by decree in 1940 by Pope Pius XII. Apparently his canonisation was postponed for diplomatic reasons (the Portuguese government itself raised some difficulties) and the canonisation did not materialise. However the procedure for his canonisation is still open and active. ...

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Nuno Álvares Pereira, Nuno Álvares Pereira - Military life, Nuno Álvares Pereira - Religious life, Nuno Álvares Pereira - Beatification. Canonization procedure, Nuno Álvares Pereira - Prayer

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The last of the abbots of Chester was John, or Thomas, Clark, who resigned his abbey, valued at £1,003 5s. 11d. per annum, to the king at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. In 1541 Henry VIII, without papal sanction, created six new episcopal sees, one of which was Chester. The archdeaconry of Chester, from the Diocese of Coventry and Lichfield, and that of Richmond, from York, were combined to form the new see, and it was laid down that the abbey church, now the cathedral, was to be served by a dean and six prebends, th ...

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Bishop of Chester, Bishop of Chester - Earliest Times, Bishop of Chester - Tudor Period, Bishop of Chester - Subsequent Centuries, Bishop of Chester - List of the Bishops of the Diocese of Chester England, Bishop of Chester - Sources

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Savelli studied at the University of Paris, during which time he held a prebend and a canonry at the cathedral of Châlons-sur-Marne. Later he obtained the benefice of rector at the church of Berton, in the Diocese of Norwich, in England, a nation he never visited. In 1261 he was created Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin by Pope Urban IV, who also appointed him papal prefect in Tuscany and captain of the papal army. Cardinal Savelli pursued a diplomatic career. Pope Clement IV sent him and three other cardinals to invest Char ...

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Pope Honorius IV, Pope Honorius IV - Early career, Pope Honorius IV - Elected Pope, Pope Honorius IV - Sicilian Conflict, Pope Honorius IV - Rome, Pope Honorius IV - Empire, Pope Honorius IV - Other Work, Pope Honorius IV - External link

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The sources for Paolo Uccello’s life are few: Giorgio Vasari’s biography, written 75 years after Paolo’s death, and a few contemporary official documents. Uccello was born Paolo di Dono in Florence in 1397. His father, Dono di Paolo, was a barber-surgeon from Pratovecchio near Arezzo, his mother’s name was Antonia. From 1407 was apprenticed to Lorenzo Ghiberti’s workshop, the premier centre for Florentine art at the time, where he began a lifelong friendship with Donatello. By 1424 he wa ...

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Paolo Uccello, Paolo Uccello - Life, Paolo Uccello - Works

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Just as the stole is the vestment that marked the office of a priest, the monastic scapular became the equivalent for those in monastic life, even those who had not been ordained. It became a symbol of the confraternal way, and so the form was later adopted by pious laity who wished to have an open sign of their devotion. The monastic scapular appears to have originated in the Rule of Saint Benedict in which he calls for a scapulare propter opera ("surcoat for work") which appears to have been simply a tunic or apron designed t ...

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Scapular, Scapular - Origins, Scapular - Symbolism, Scapular - Rules for use of scapulae, Scapular - Specific scapulae, Scapular - Private revelation

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Noted by Jews for the Cave of Elijah and the historic Jewish town of Shikmona at the foot of Mount Carmel, Haifa is also cherished by the Muslim, Christian and Bahá'í faiths. The Bahá'í World Centre (comprising the Shrine of the Báb, terraced gardens and administrative buildings on the Carmel's northern slope [see photo]) is an important site of worship and administration for the members of the Bahá'í Faith, as well as providing the city with a much visited tourist attraction. Haifa is a mosaic of relatively peaceful yet visibily segregated coexistence between Jews, Muslim and Christian Arabs, Ahmedis (Kabab ...

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Haifa, Haifa - History, Haifa - Religion, Haifa - Academic institutions, Haifa - Politics, Haifa - Industry and economics, Haifa - Transportation, Haifa - Mayors of Haifa, Haifa - Neighborhoods, Haifa - Sports

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In contrast with his deeply conservative father, Crown Prince Rudolf held distinctively liberal views that were closer to those of his mother. Nevertheless his relationship with her was strained and contained little warmth. On May 10, 1881, he married Princess Stéphanie of Belgium, a daughter of King Léopold II, in the Augustinian Church in Vienna with all the pomp and splendour of a state wedding. Rudolf appeared to be genuinely in love, but his mother regarded her new daughter-in-law as a "clumsy oaf." By the time their only child, the Archduchess Elizabeth, was born on September 2, 1883, the cou ...

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Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria - The Mayerling Suicide Pact, Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria - Suicide or murder?, Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria - Impact of the Crown Prince's death

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Institutional Christian monasticism seems to have begun in the deserts in AD 4th century Egypt as a kind of living martyrdom. Scholars such as Lester K. Little attribute the rise of monasticism at this time to the immense changes in the church that had been brought about by Constantine's conversion and the acceptance of Christianity as the main Roman religion. This ended the position of Christians as a small group that believed itself to be the godly elite. In response a new more advanced form of dedication was developed to preserve a nucleu ...

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Christian monasticism, Christian monasticism - Precursor models of the Christian monastic ideal, Christian monasticism - Origins of Christian monasticism, Christian monasticism - History, Christian monasticism - Nature of monasticism, Christian monasticism - Christian monastic orders, Christian monasticism - Protestant Monasticism, Christian monasticism - Anglican Communion, Christian monasticism - Other Traditions

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Honorius IV inherited plans for another crusade, but confined himself to collecting the tithes imposed by the Council of Lyons, arranging with the great banking-houses of Florence, Siena, and Pistoia to act as his agents. The two largest religious orders received many new privileges from Honorius IV, documented in his Regesta. He often appointed them to special missions and to bishoprics, and ...

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Pope Honorius IV, Pope Honorius IV - Early career, Pope Honorius IV - Elected Pope, Pope Honorius IV - Sicilian Conflict, Pope Honorius IV - Rome, Pope Honorius IV - Empire, Pope Honorius IV - Other Work, Pope Honorius IV - External link

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Fatima is not without controversy. The alleged apparitions occurred during a period when Freemasons had gained influence in Portugal and attempted to limit the power of the Catholic Church following the 1910 revolution. Many Catholics felt persecuted, leading to a polarization of Portuguese society between the largely urban liberals and the largely rural and more conservative Catholics. Secularists may have viewed the apparitions as an attempt by the Church to reassert political control. The detention of the c ...

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Our Lady of Fatima, Our Lady of Fatima - History, Our Lady of Fatima - The Consecration of Russia, Our Lady of Fatima - Controversy around the Third Secret, Our Lady of Fatima - The fate of the three children, Our Lady of Fatima - Controversies of Fatima, Our Lady of Fatima - Influence of the apparitions, Our Lady of Fatima - Political aspects, Our Lady of Fatima - Official position of the Catholic Church

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There are 6 railroad stations along the Nahariya-Tel Aviv line within the municipal boundaries of Haifa. In order coming from Tel Aviv, the stops are: "Hof HaCarmel" near Haifa Hof HaCarmel Central Bus Station, "Bat Galim" (near Haifa Bat Galim Central Bus Station), "Haifa Central" (near Haifa Seaport), Lev Hamifratz (near Lev Hamifratz Mall and Mifratz Central Bus Station), Hutzot HaMifratz (in the Hutzot HaMifratz Shopping Center), and Kiryat Haim. A seventh stop, Kiryat Motzkin, is in Kiryat Motzkin, a Northern suburb of Haifa. The line g ...

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Haifa, Haifa - History, Haifa - Religion, Haifa - Academic institutions, Haifa - Politics, Haifa - Industry and economics, Haifa - Transportation, Haifa - Mayors of Haifa, Haifa - Neighborhoods, Haifa - Sports

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