In 1877 Kalinowski joined the Carmel of Linz, and took the name "Brother Raphael of St. Joseph." The name "of St. Joseph" had nothing to do with his birthname -- it was common for many Carmelites to list their name as "of St. Joseph", after the "Convent of St. Joseph" founded by Teresa of Avila, co-founder of the Discalced Carmelite Order. Kalinowski was ordained as priest at Czerna in 1882 by Bishop Albin Dunajewski, and in 1883 became prior of the convent at Czerna. He founded multiple Catholic organizations around Poland and the Ukraine, most ...

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Raphael Kalinowski, Raphael Kalinowski - Childhood, Raphael Kalinowski - Military career, Raphael Kalinowski - Royal tutor, Raphael Kalinowski - Carmelite priest, Raphael Kalinowski - Beatification and canonization, Raphael Kalinowski - Literary works

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Kalinowski's remains were originally kept in the convent cemetery, but this proved unmanageable because of the large number of pilgrims who came visiting. So many of them took handfuls of dirt from the grave, that the nuns had to keep replacing the earth and plants at the cemetery. His body was later moved to a tomb, but the pilgrims went there instead, often scratching with their hands at the plaster, just to have some relic to keep with them [1]. His remains ...

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Raphael Kalinowski, Raphael Kalinowski - Childhood, Raphael Kalinowski - Military career, Raphael Kalinowski - Royal tutor, Raphael Kalinowski - Carmelite priest, Raphael Kalinowski - Beatification and canonization, Raphael Kalinowski - Literary works

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Mount Carmel is mentioned in the Bible. On Mount Carmel transpired the miracles attending the competition between Baal and the Israelite God, after which the priests of Baal were put to death by the order of the prophet Elijah. A Catholic religious order, the Carmelites, was founded on Mount Carmel in the 12th century by a certain Berthold (d. after 1185) who was either a pilgrim or crusader. The order grew to be one of the major Catholic religious orders worldwide. Carmelite tradition suggests that a community of Jewish hermits lived on Mount Carmel from the time of Elijah, although no d ...

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Mount Carmel Israel, Mount Carmel Israel - History, Mount Carmel Israel - The Shrine of the Báb and the Bahá'í Faith, Mount Carmel Israel - Other uses of the name

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He was born as Józef (Joseph) Kalinowski to a szlachta (noble) family. He was the second son of Andrzej (Andrew) Kalinowski, a professor of mathematics at the Institute for Nobles (Instytut Szlachecki) in Vilnius. His mother, Józefa (Josephine) Połońska, died a few months after he was born, leaving him and his older brother Victor without a mother. His father then married Josephine's sister (a practice that was not uncommon in that time), Zofia (Sophie) Połońska, and had three more children: Charles, Emily, and Gabriel. But then ...

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Raphael Kalinowski, Raphael Kalinowski - Childhood, Raphael Kalinowski - Military career, Raphael Kalinowski - Royal tutor, Raphael Kalinowski - Carmelite priest, Raphael Kalinowski - Beatification and canonization, Raphael Kalinowski - Literary works

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Choice of colleges was strictly limited by the Russians, so he joined the Russian Army and entered the Nicholayev Engineering Academy (Mikołajewska Szkoła Inżynierii). He was promoted to Second Lieutenant in 1856. In 1857 he worked as an associate professor of mathematics, and from 1858-1860 he worked as an engineer who helped design the Odessa/Kiev/Kursk portion of the Trans-Siberian railway. In 1862 he was promoted to Captain, but he resigned from the Russian Army in 1863 and became Minister of War during the Polish insurr ...

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Raphael Kalinowski, Raphael Kalinowski - Childhood, Raphael Kalinowski - Military career, Raphael Kalinowski - Royal tutor, Raphael Kalinowski - Carmelite priest, Raphael Kalinowski - Beatification and canonization, Raphael Kalinowski - Literary works

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One railway line goes North along the coast reaching Haifa, the Krayot, and Nahariya. One goes South to Be'er Sheva with a new spur from the Be'er Sheva Tzafon (North) Station to Dimona which opened on December 17, 2005. There are future plans to extend Be’er Sheva-Dimona line to the Red Sea port of Eilat. Another line goes South to Ashkelon with a spur to Rishon LeTzion. The line was extended from Ashdod to Ashkelon in April 2005. Another line goes East to Kfar Saba. The line to Jerusalem which opened in 1892, saw its operations suspended ...

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Israel Railways, Israel Railways - Lines, Israel Railways - Expansion Plans, Israel Railways - Passenger Traffic, Israel Railways - Proposed Rail Lines to the PA, Israel Railways - Old Railway Links to Other Countries

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As of 2000, newer and more plausible plans for a subway system in Tel Aviv have seen the light of day. Today, the first 22km line (The Red Line), has already been approved, with expected excavation due to begin in late 2008-2009. It is expected to become operative around 2012-2013 or perhaps later. Tel Aviv is to become the fourth city in the Middle East to boast a subway system. Haifa was first with ...

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Tel Aviv Subway, Tel Aviv Subway - History, Tel Aviv Subway - Back on track, Tel Aviv Subway - Planned Subway Lines, Tel Aviv Subway - Red Line, Tel Aviv Subway - Green Line, Tel Aviv Subway - Yellow Line, Tel Aviv Subway - Purple Line

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As a matter of fact, initial plans for such subway system were already made in the mid-1960's, reaching to a peak in the days following the Six Days War, with the inauguration of the first Subway Station in Israel in Shalom Meir Tower, an event that took place in the presence of the then Prime Minister, Golda Meir. Due to financial difficulties, it remains the only 'subway station' in Tel Aviv, disconnected from anything else as ...

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Tel Aviv Subway, Tel Aviv Subway - History, Tel Aviv Subway - Back on track, Tel Aviv Subway - Planned Subway Lines, Tel Aviv Subway - Red Line, Tel Aviv Subway - Green Line, Tel Aviv Subway - Yellow Line, Tel Aviv Subway - Purple Line

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Tel Aviv Subway - Red Line. The Red Line is to have 10km (out of a total 22km), underground, with overground usage as a light rail/tram. It is to have 33 stops, 10 of which underground, with an average distance of 500 meters between them. Average distance of the overground stops is 1 km. The line would run from Bat Yam in the southwest, through Jaffa and central Tel Aviv, and carry on to Petah Tikva, through Ramat Gan and Bnei Brak. A transit station is planned in Tel Aviv Central railway station. It is expected that by 2020, 100 million people would be using this line annually.

Tel Aviv Subway, Tel Aviv Subway - History, Tel Aviv Subway - Back on track, Tel Aviv Subway - Planned Subway Lines, Tel Aviv Subway - Red Line, Tel Aviv Subway - Green Line, Tel Aviv Subway - Yellow Line, Tel Aviv Subway - Purple Line

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Founded by Saint Thomas the Apostle, this church was known as the Saint Thomas Christians. Later, in the 4th century, a settlement of Jewish Christians was founded in Kottayam in Southern India by Thomas Kynai at the behest of the Catholicos of the Assyrian Church of the East. There are two main schools of thoughts about the history of this church until 16th century. Eastern Church historians argue that this church was in communion with the Catholic Church even before 16th century. When the Portuguese arrived they had no problem in af ...

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Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - History, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Timeline, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Head, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Dioceses, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Archdioceses, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Suffragan Dioceses, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Mission Dioceses

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Like much political or religious poetry of the alliterative revival (i.e., Piers Plowman, Mum and the Sothsegger), the poem takes the form of a quest for knowledge. It is narrated by a layman who has memorised nearly all of the rudimentary texts demanded by the Fourth Lateran Council. He can read, and is able to recite the Ave Maria and Pater Noster proficiently: yet he does not know the Creed. He seeks help from the friars, first turning to the Franciscans, then the Dominicans, followed by the Austin friars and the Carmelites. ...

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Pierce the Ploughman's Crede, Pierce the Ploughman's Crede - Textual History, Pierce the Ploughman's Crede - Authorship, Pierce the Ploughman's Crede - Significant Contents, Pierce the Ploughman's Crede - References and further reading

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At the end of the war, d'Argenlieu undertook theological studies in Rome, and joined the religious order of the Carmelites as Louis de la Trinité. He made his wow on 15 September 1921, and studies for four years in the catholic university of Lille. In 1932, he was made Provincial Superior of Paris. ...

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Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu, Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu - Early career, Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu - Religious career, Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu - Second World War, Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu - After the War, Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu - Honours, Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu - Works

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According to a pious tradition the Blessed Virgin appeared to St. Simon Stock at Cambridge, England, on Sunday, 16 July, 1251. In answer to his appeal for help for his oppressed order, she appeared to him with a scapular in her hand and said: "Take, beloved son this scapular of thy order as a badge of my confraternity and for thee and all Carmelites a special sign of grace; whoever dies in this garment, will not suffer everlasting fire. It is the sign of salvation, a safeguard in dangers, a pledge of peace and of the covenant". This traditio ...

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Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel - Origins, Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel - Privileges Obtained by Wearing the Scapular, Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel - Appearance

Read more here: » Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel: Encyclopedia II - Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel - Origins

Syro-Malabar Church has its presence all over the world. However the proper territory assigned for this Church is limited in India, that too in South India. There are 26 Syro-Malabar dioceses world wide though only 15 of them come under the direct control of the Major Archbishop. The rest of the dioceses are directly under the Pope and the Major Archbishop has only limited control over them. See also:

Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - History, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Timeline, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Head, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Dioceses, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Archdioceses, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Suffragan Dioceses, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Mission Dioceses

Read more here: » Syro-Malabar Catholic Church: Encyclopedia II - Syro-Malabar Catholic Church - Dioceses

In December 1975, Clemente Domínguez founded his own religious order, The Carmelites of the Holy Face, allegedly on instruction from the Virgin Mary. Five people, including Domínguez, who assumed the name Fr. Ferdinand, were ordained bishops by a Catholic archbishop who had travelled from Rome, Ngô Ðình Thuc Pierre Martin, who was subsequently excommunicated for his ordinations, which were deemed "valid but unlawful", for though he had the power to ordain he did not have the authority from Pope Paul VI which is a re ...

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Clemente Domínguez y Gómez, Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Controversially ordained, Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Claim to the Papacy, Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Other claimants to the name 'Pope Gregory XVII', Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Palmarian heresy, Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Notes

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The city Landskrona was founded at the location of Scania's best natural harbour, as a means of King Eric of Pomerania's anti-Hanseatic policy, intended to compete with Danish towns under Hanseatic control. A Carmelite monastery was founded in 1410, English merchants were granted the privileges in a royal charter in 1412, and the town itself was chartered in 1413. Landskrona was burned by the Hanseatic League in 1428. The town supported the deposed king Christian II of Denmark (1525), and opposed the Reformation in Denmark (1535), and ...

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Landskrona, Landskrona - History, Landskrona - Transport

Read more here: » Landskrona: Encyclopedia II - Landskrona - History

As a child he lived in various Castilian villages, with the last being Medina del Campo, to which he moved in 1551. There, he studied the humanities at a Jesuit school from 1559 to 1563, and then entered the Carmel order, adopting the name Fr. Juan de Santo Matía. The following year (1564) he professed as a Carmelite and moved to Salamanca, where he studied at the University and at the Colegio de San Andrés. This stay would influence all his later writings, as Fray Luis de León taught biblical studies (Exegesis, Hebrew an ...

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John of the Cross, John of the Cross - Life, John of the Cross - Early life and education, John of the Cross - Priesthood and association with Saint Teresa de Jesús, John of the Cross - Imprisonment writings death and recognition, John of the Cross - Literary works

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In 1902, the Polish Carmelite priest Father Raphael Kalinowski (later Saint Raphael Kalinowski) translated her autobiography "Story of a Soul" into Polish. Pope Pius X signed the decree for her canonization on June 10, 1914. Pope Benedict XV, in order to hasten the process, dispensed with the usual fifty-year process required between death and beatification. She was canonized in 1925 by Pope Pius XI, only 28 years after her death. Her feast day was celebrated on October 3 until the calend ...

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Thérèse de Lisieux, Thérèse de Lisieux - Early life, Thérèse de Lisieux - The Little Way, Thérèse de Lisieux - Declining health and death, Thérèse de Lisieux - L'histoire d'une âme, Thérèse de Lisieux - Recognition, Thérèse de Lisieux - Quotations, Thérèse de Lisieux - External link

Read more here: » Thérèse de Lisieux: Encyclopedia II - Thérèse de Lisieux - Recognition

Vauban was born in Saint-Léger-de-Foucheret (renamed Saint-Léger-Vauban in his honour), in the département of Yonne, in Burgundy, France, into a family of minor nobility. At the age of ten he was left an orphan in very poor circumstances, and his boyhood and youth were spent amongst the peasantry of his native place. A fortunate event brought him under the care of the Carmelite prior of Semur, who undertook his education, and the grounding in mathematics, science and geometry which he thus received was o ...

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Vauban, Vauban - Life and doctrines, Vauban - Fortifications, Vauban - Reference

Read more here: » Vauban: Encyclopedia II - Vauban - Life and doctrines

Thérèse is known for her "Little Way." Because of her station in a Carmelite convent, Thérèse realized that she would not be able to achieve "great deeds" as saints often did, and so must find another way to express her love of God. She wrote, "Love proves itself by deeds, so how am I to show my love? Great deeds are forbidden me. The only way I can prove my love is by scattering flowers and these flowers are every little sacrifice, every glance ...

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Thérèse de Lisieux, Thérèse de Lisieux - Early life, Thérèse de Lisieux - The Little Way, Thérèse de Lisieux - Declining health and death, Thérèse de Lisieux - L'histoire d'une âme, Thérèse de Lisieux - Recognition, Thérèse de Lisieux - Quotations, Thérèse de Lisieux - External link

Read more here: » Thérèse de Lisieux: Encyclopedia II - Thérèse de Lisieux - The Little Way

The incentive to give outward practical expression to her inward motive was inspired in Teresa by Peter of Alcantara. Incidentally, he became acquainted with her as Founder early in 1560, and became her spiritual guide and counselor. She now resolved to found a Carmelite monastery for nuns, and to reform the laxity which she had found in the Cloister of the Incarnation and others. Guimara de Ullon, a woman of wealth and a friend, supplied the funds. The absolute poverty of the new monastery, established in 1562 and named St. Joseph's, ...

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Teresa of Ávila, Teresa of Ávila - Activities as Reformer, Teresa of Ávila - Her Mysticism, Teresa of Ávila - Writings, Teresa of Ávila - Portrayals

Read more here: » Teresa of Ávila: Encyclopedia II - Teresa of Ávila - Activities as Reformer