Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) (April 30, 1777 – February 23, 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. Sometimes known as "the prince of mathematicians", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked beside Euler, Newton ...

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• Carl Friedrich Gauss - Early years
• Carl Friedrich Gauss - Middle years
• Carl Friedrich Gauss - Later years death and afterwards
• Carl Friedrich Gauss - Family
• Carl Friedrich Gauss - Personality
• Carl Friedrich Gauss - Commemorations

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Carl Friedrich Gauss, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Biography, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Early years, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Middle years, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Personality, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Commemorations

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From 1989 until the end of 2001, his portrait and a normal distribution curve were featured on the German ten-mark banknote. Germany has issued three stamps honouring Gauss, as well. The stamp pictured above, no. 725, was issued in 1955 on the hundredth anniversary of his death; two other stamps, no. 1246 and 1811, were issued in 1977, the 200th anniversary of his birth. G. Waldo Dunnington was a lifelong student of Gauss. He wrote many articles, and a biography: Carl Frederick Gauss: Titan of Science. This book was reissued in 20 ...

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Carl Friedrich Gauss, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Biography, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Early years, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Middle years, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Personality, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Commemorations

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Carl Friedrich Gauss - Early years. Gauss was born in Braunschweig, in the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (now part of Lower Saxony, Germany), as the only son of uneducated lower-class parents. According to legend, his gifts became apparent at the age of three when he corrected, in his head, an error his father had made on paper while calculating finances. Another story has it that in elementary school his teacher tried to occupy pupils by making them add up the integers from 1 to 100. The young Gauss produced t ...

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Carl Friedrich Gauss, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Biography, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Early years, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Middle years, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Later years death and afterwards, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Family, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Personality, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Commemorations

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Carl Friedrich Gauss - Early years. Gauss was born in Brunswick, in the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (now part of Lower Saxony, Germany), as the only son of uneducated lower-class parents. According to legend, his gifts became apparent at the age of three when he corrected, in his head, an error his father had made on paper while calculating finances. Another story has it that in elementary school his teacher tried to occupy pupils by making them add up the integers from 1 to 100. The young Gauss produced the cor ...

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Carl Friedrich Gauss, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Biography, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Early years, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Middle years, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Later years death and afterwards, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Family, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Personality, Carl Friedrich Gauss - Commemorations

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The centimetre-gram-second system (CGS) is a system of physical units. It is always the same for mechanical units, but there are several variants of electric additions. The system goes back to a proposal made in 1832 by the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss and was in 1874 extended by the British physicists James Clerk Maxwell and William Thomson with a set of electromagnetic units. The sizes (order of magnitude) of many CGS units turned out to be inconvenient for practical purposes, therefore the CGS system neve ...

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• Centimetre gram second system of units - Electromagnetic units

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6 Hebe (hee'-bee, Greek ‘Ήβη) is one of the largest Main belt asteroids, and is probably the parent body of the H chondrite meteorites, which account for a remarkable 40% of all meteorites striking the Earth. 6 Hebe - Discovery. Hebe was the sixth asteroid to be discovered, on July 1, 1847. It was the second and final asteroid discovery by Karl Ludwig Hencke, who had previously found 5 Astraea. The name "Hebe" was proposed by Carl Friedrich Gauss, and refers to the Greek goddess of youth, ...

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• 6 Hebe - Discovery
• 6 Hebe - Major meteorite source
• 6 Hebe - Physical characteristics
• 6 Hebe - Jebe
• 6 Hebe - Aspects

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Chess and mathematics have been pursued intellectually for centuries by many researchers and scientists, especially mathematicians. Naturally, the logic and symmetries in chess appeal to mathematicians. The following mathematicians either played or studied chess in their life: George Airy Adolf Anderssen George Atwood Harry Bateman Jacob Bronowski Max Black Jerome Cardan Lewis Carroll Henry Dudeney Albert Einstein Noam Elkies

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In mathematics, the arithmetic-geometric mean M(x, y) of two positive real numbers x and y is defined as follows: we first form the arithmetic mean of x and y and call it a1, i.e. a1 = (x + y) / 2. We then form the geometric mean of x and y and call it g1, i.e. g1 is the square root of xy. Now we can iterate this operation with ...

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• Arithmetic-geometric mean - Implementation

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August Ferdinand Möbius (November 17, 1790, Schulpforta, Saxony, Germany - September 26, 1868, Leipzig) was a German mathematician and theoretical astronomer. He is best known for his discovery of the Möbius strip, a non-orientable two-dimensional surface with only one side when embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space. It was independently discovered by Johann Benedict Listing around the same time. Möbius was the first to introduce homogeneous coordinates into projective geometry. Möbius transformations, important in ...

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• August Ferdinand Möbius - References:

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In mathematics, an arithmetic progression or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference of any two successive members of the sequence is a constant. For instance, the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, ... is an arithmetic progression with common difference 2. If the initial term of an arithmetic progression is a1 and the common difference of successive members is d, then the nth term of the sequence is given by: Including:

• Arithmetic progression - Sum arithmetic series
• Arithmetic progression - Product

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In mathematics, a constructible polygon is a regular polygon that can be constructed with compass and straightedge. For example, a regular pentagon is constructible with compass and straightedge while a regular heptagon is not. Constructible polygon - Conditions for constructibility. Some regular polygons are easy to construct with compass and straightedge; others are not. This led to the question being posed: is it possible to construct all regular n-gons with compass and straightedge? If not ...

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• Constructible polygon - Conditions for constructibility
• Constructible polygon - General theory
• Constructible polygon - Detailed results in terms of Fermat primes
• Constructible polygon - Compass-and-straightedge constructions
• Constructible polygon - Other constructions

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Curvature is the amount by which a geometric object deviates from being flat. The word flat might have very different meanings depending on the objects considered (for curves it is a straight line and for surfaces it is a Euclidean plane). For example, curvature of a circle is the inverse of its radius. Smaller circles bend more sharply, and hence have higher curvature. Further, curvature of a smooth curve is defined as the curvature of its osculating circle at each point. In a plane, this is a scalar quantity, bu ...

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• Curvature - Curvature of surfaces in 3-space
• Curvature - Curvature of space

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The Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737. It rapidly attained a leading position, and in 1823 its students numbered 1547. It started with four faculties and soon became one of the best-attended universities in Europe with its 800 students. Georg August University of Göttingen - History. Political disturbances, in which bot ...

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The sum of the components of an arithmetic progression is called an arithmetic series. The formula for the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression is: This formula follows from the fact that the sum of the first and the last term is the same as the sum of the second and the second last, and so forth. An often-told story is that Carl Friedrich Gauss discovered it when his third grade teacher asked the class to find the sum of the ...

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Arithmetic progression, Arithmetic progression - Sum arithmetic series, Arithmetic progression - Product

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In the special case of a spherical surface with a central charge, the electric field is perpendicular to the surface, with the same magnitude at all points of it, giving the simpler expression: where E is the electric field strength at radius r, Q is the enclosed charge, and ε0 is the permittivity of free space. Thus the familiar inverse-square law dependence of the electric fi ...

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Gauss's law, Gauss's law - Integral Form, Gauss's law - Differential Form, Gauss's law - Coulomb's Law

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In differential form, the equation becomes: where is the del operator, representing divergence, D is the electric displacement field (in units of C/m2), and ρ is the free electric charge density (in units of C/m3), not including dipole charges bound in a material. The differential form derives in part from Gauss's divergence theorem. And for linear materials, the equation becomes: where See also:

Gauss's law, Gauss's law - Integral Form, Gauss's law - Differential Form, Gauss's law - Coulomb's Law

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Since both gravity and electromagnetism propagate relative to the squared distance between two objects, we can relate the two using Gauss' Law by examining their respective fields, G(r) and E(r). In the same way that we evaluate the line integral for electromagnetism to get the result , we can choose a proper Gaussian Surface to quickly get an answer for gravitational flux. For a point mass, the most logical choice for our Gaussian Surface is a sphere of radius r centered at the point. ...

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Gauss's law, Gauss's law - Integral Form, Gauss's law - Differential Form, Gauss's law - Coulomb's Law, Gauss's law - Gravitational Analogue

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The product of the components of an arithmetic progression with an initial element a1, common distance d, and n elements in total, is determined in a closed expression by where denotes the rising factorial and Γ denotes the Gamma function. (Note however that the formula is not valid when a1 ...

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Arithmetic progression, Arithmetic progression - Sum arithmetic series, Arithmetic progression - Product

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In its integral form, the law states: where is the electric field, is the area of a differential square on the closed surface S with an outward facing surface normal defining its direction, QA is the charge enclosed by the surface, εo is the permittivity of free space and is the integral over th ...

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Gauss's law, Gauss's law - Integral Form, Gauss's law - Differential Form, Gauss's law - Coulomb's Law

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