Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is an emergency first aid protocol for an unconscious person on whom both breathing and pulse cannot be detected. The medical term for a patient whose heart has stopped is cardiac arrest (also referred to as cardiorespiratory arrest), in which case CPR is used. If the patient still has a pulse, but is not breathing, this is called respiratory arrest and Rescue breathing is used. In many first aid certifications, t ...

Including:

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

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CPR was developed by Drs. James Elam and Peter Safar in the 1950s [1]. Safar wrote the book ABC of resuscitation in 1957. In the US, it was first promoted as a technique for the public to learn in the 1970s. Early marketing efforts oversold the effectiveness of CPR in rescuing heart attack and other victims. The standards for CPR in the United States are established by the American Heart Association. Rewritten every several years, most recently in 2005, these standards stress the importance of immediate defibrillation as well as perf ...

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

Read more here: » Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Encyclopedia II - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History

Sometimes CPR should not be performed, particularly if other persons are injured and need immediate help. CPR takes a lot of effort, and may keep care providers from helping others. See triage. CPR is often portrayed in movies and television as being highly effective in resuscitating a person who is not breathing and has no circulation. A 1996 study by the New England Journal of Medicine showed that CPR success rates in television shows was 75%. The reality is that CPR administered outside hospitals has a 2-15% succes ...

See also:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

Read more here: » Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Encyclopedia II - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

Sometimes CPR should not be performed, particularly if other persons are injured and need immediate help. CPR takes a lot of effort, and may keep care providers from helping others. See triage. CPR is often portrayed in movies and television as being highly effective in rususcitating a person who is not breathing and has no circulation. A 1996 study by the New England Journal of Medicine showed that CPR success rates in television shows was 75%. The reality is that CPR administered outside hospitals has a 2-15% succes ...

See also:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

Read more here: » Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Encyclopedia II - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

CPR is almost never effective if started more than 15 minutes after collapse because permanent brain damage has probably already occurred. A notable exception is cardiac arrest occurring with exposure to very cold temperatures. A patient cannot be pronounced dead before he has been brought back to a normal temperature by appropriate means: Hypothermia seems to protect the victim by slowing down metabolic and physiologic processes, greatly decreasing the oxygen needed by tissues. There are cases where CPR, defibrillation, and advanced warming techniques ha ...

See also:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

Read more here: » Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Encyclopedia II - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness

CPR is a practical skill and needs to be regularly practiced (on a resuscitation mannequin) to ensure full competency. CPR training is available through many commercial, volunteer and governmental organizations worldwide. CPR training is not confined to just the medical professionals. Almost anyone is able to perform CPR: early CPR is essential in preventing brain damage during a cardi ...

See also:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

Read more here: » Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Encyclopedia II - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training

CPR is almost never effective if started more than 15 minutes after collapse because permanent brain damage has probably already occurred. A notable exception is cardiac arrest occurring with exposure to very cold temperatures. A patient cannot be pronounced dead before he has been brought back to a normal temperature by appropriate means: Hypothermia seems to protect the victim somewhat. There are cases where CPR, defibrillation, and advanced warming techniques ha ...

See also:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

Read more here: » Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Encyclopedia II - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness

Heart action and respiratory effort are absolute requirements in transporting oxygen to the tissues. The main organ to suffer from oxygen starvation is the brain, which may sustain damage after four minutes and irreversible damage after about seven minutes. The heart also rapidly loses the ability to maintain a normal rhythm. Following cardiac arrest, effective CPR enables enough oxygen to reach the brain to delay brain death, and allows the heart to remain responsive to defibrillation attempts. CPR is commonly taught to ordinary people who may be the only ones present in the c ...

See also:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

Read more here: » Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Encyclopedia II - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance