Coronary heart disease (CHD, also known as coronary artery disease, or CAD) is the predominant disease process associated with sudden cardiac death in the United States and elsewhere in the developed world. The incidence of CHD in individuals who suffer sudden cardiac death is between 64 and 90%. Other causes of cardiac arrest include electrocution and near-drowning, as well as other cardiac conditions such as the cardiomyopathies. In children, cardiac arrest is typically caused by hypoxia from other causes such as near-drowning. Wit ...

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Cardiac arrest, Cardiac arrest - Etiology, Cardiac arrest - Treatable causes, Cardiac arrest - Diagnosis, Cardiac arrest - Treatment, Cardiac arrest - First aid, Cardiac arrest - Other prehospital care, Cardiac arrest - Hospital treatment, Cardiac arrest - Ethical Issues

Read more here: » Cardiac arrest: Encyclopedia II - Cardiac arrest - Etiology

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Cardiac arrest, Cardiac arrest - Etiology, Cardiac arrest - Treatable causes, Cardiac arrest - Diagnosis, Cardiac arrest - Treatment, Cardiac arrest - First aid, Cardiac arrest - Other prehospital care, Cardiac arrest - Hospital treatment, Cardiac arrest - Ethical Issues

Read more here: » Cardiac arrest: Encyclopedia II - Cardiac arrest - Diagnosis

Cardiac Arrest is defined as a heartbeat which does not result in efficient pumping of blood. In many cases, lack of carotid pulse is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiac arrest, but pulselessness (particularly in the peripheral pulses) may be a result of other conditions. In a hospital or ambulance, cardiac arrest is identified by the lack of a pulse (or lack of heartbeat if listened to through a steth ...

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Cardiac arrest, Cardiac arrest - Etiology, Cardiac arrest - Treatable causes, Cardiac arrest - Diagnosis, Cardiac arrest - Treatment, Cardiac arrest - First aid, Cardiac arrest - Other prehospital care, Cardiac arrest - Hospital treatment, Cardiac arrest - Ethical Issues

Read more here: » Cardiac arrest: Encyclopedia II - Cardiac arrest - Diagnosis

A cardiac arrest is the cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract effectively during systole. The resulting lack of blood supply results in cell death from oxygen starvation. Cerebral hypoxia, or lack of oxygen supply to the brain, causes victims to lose consciousness and stop breathing. Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency that, if left untreated, invariably leads to death within seconds to minutes. The primary first-aid treatment for cardiac arrest is cardiopulm ...

Including:

Cardiac arrest - Etiology Cardiac arrest - Treatable causes Cardiac arrest - Diagnosis Cardiac arrest - Treatment
Cardiac arrest - First aid Cardiac arrest - Other prehospital care Cardiac arrest - Hospital treatment
Cardiac arrest - Ethical Issues

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There are 8 reversible causes of cardiac arrest, known as the "4Hs and 4Ts". They are looked for and treated by ambulance technicians/paramedics or by medical staff at the hospital while undertaking advanced life support, protocols for which will be used alongside any specific treatments for each of the causes. Lay rescuers performing basic life support can generally neither identify or treat them (with the exception of hypovolemia due to external bleeding), and so can offer only supportive treatment ...

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Cardiac arrest, Cardiac arrest - Etiology, Cardiac arrest - Treatable causes, Cardiac arrest - Diagnosis, Cardiac arrest - Treatment, Cardiac arrest - First aid, Cardiac arrest - Other prehospital care, Cardiac arrest - Hospital treatment, Cardiac arrest - Ethical Issues

Read more here: » Cardiac arrest: Encyclopedia II - Cardiac arrest - Treatable causes

There are 8 reversible causes of cardiac arrest, known as the "4Hs and 4Ts". They are looked for and treated by ambulance technicians/paramedics or by medical staff at the hospital while undertaking advanced life support, protocols for which will be used alongside any specific treatments for each of the causes. Lay rescuers performing basic life support can generally neither identify nor treat them (with the exception of hypovolemia due to external bleeding), and so can offer only supportive treatment ...

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Cardiac arrest, Cardiac arrest - Etiology, Cardiac arrest - Treatable causes, Cardiac arrest - Diagnosis, Cardiac arrest - Treatment, Cardiac arrest - First aid, Cardiac arrest - Other prehospital care, Cardiac arrest - Hospital treatment, Cardiac arrest - Ethical Issues

Read more here: » Cardiac arrest: Encyclopedia II - Cardiac arrest - Treatable causes

The emergency department (ED), emergency room (ER) or accident & emergency department (A&E, in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand etc.) is a hospital department that provides initial treatment to patients with a broad spectrum of illnesses and injuries, some of which may be life-threatening and requiring immediate attention. Emergency departments developed during the 20th century, in response to an increased need for rapid assessment and management of critical illnesses. In some countries, emergency departments have become important entry poin ...

Including:

Emergency department - Department layout Emergency department - Signage Emergency department - Nomenclature
Emergency department - Commonwealth nations Emergency department - United States Emergency department - United Kingdom
Emergency department - Patient experience Emergency department - Critical conditions handled
Emergency department - Cardiac arrest Emergency department - Heart attack Emergency department - Trauma Emergency department - Asthma and COPD
Emergency department - Special facilities training and equipment Emergency department - Non-emergency use Emergency department - Citations

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Drowning is death caused by the filling of the lungs by a fluid, usually water, rendering breathing impossible and leading to death due to asphyxia. Near drowning is initial survival of a drowning accident, and can lead to serious secondary complications including death later on; cases of near drowning therefore also require attention by medical professionals. Secondary drowning is death due to chemical and biological changes in the lungs after a near drowning incident or exposure to chemicals. In many countries, drownin ...

Including:

Drowning - Occurrences Drowning - The drowning process
Drowning - Common situations leading to drowning Drowning - Initial Reactions to Submersion Drowning - Initial Oxygen Starvation Drowning - Water entering the upper airways Drowning - Unconsciousness due to Oxygen Starvation Drowning - Secondary drowning Drowning - Cardiac Arrest and Death
Drowning - Rescue and Treatment Drowning - Prevention

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Cardiac arrhythmia is a group of conditions in which the muscle contraction of the heart is irregular or is faster or slower than normal. Cardiac dysrhythmia is technically more correct, as arrhythmia would imply that there is "no rhythm," but this term is not used frequently. Some arrhythmias are life-threatening medical emergencies that can cause cardiac arrest and sudden death. Others cause aggravating symptoms, such as an awareness of the heart beat palpitation that can be annoying. Some are quite benign and normal. ...

Including:

Cardiac arrhythmia - Frequency too high/low Cardiac arrhythmia - Fibrillation Cardiac arrhythmia - Origin of impulse
Cardiac arrhythmia - Automaticity Cardiac arrhythmia - Reentry
Cardiac arrhythmia - Diagnosis Cardiac arrhythmia - SADS Cardiac arrhythmia - List of common cardiac dysrhythmias Cardiac arrhythmia - Antiarrhythmic therapies Cardiac arrhythmia - Related topics

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is an emergency first aid protocol for an unconscious person on whom both breathing and pulse cannot be detected. The medical term for a patient whose heart has stopped is cardiac arrest (also referred to as cardiorespiratory arrest), in which case CPR is used. If the patient still has a pulse, but is not breathing, this is called respiratory arrest and Rescue breathing is used. In many first aid certifications, t ...

Including:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Importance Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Effectiveness Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - History Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR Training Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Myths and popular culture

Read more here: » Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Encyclopedia - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Cerebral edema is swelling of the brain which can occur as the result of a head injury, cardiac arrest or from the lack of proper altitude acclimatization. Edema also occurs when the chemical balance of brain tissue is disturbed and water or fluids flow into the brain cells, making them swell and burst, releasing their toxic contents into the surrounding tissues. Edema is one cause of general brain tissue swelling and contri ...

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Erotic asphyxiation, asphyxiophilia, breath control play or scarfing is the sexual practice of partial asphyxiation by strangulation or suffocation of one person by another during sexual intercourse. The decrease of oxygen to the brain is said to heighten sexual pleasure. It can be dangerous and result in brain damage through loss of oxygenation to the brain, or in death through sudden cardiac arrest. It has also been speculated that in some cases erotic asphyxiation may have triggered the little-known phen ...

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Erotic asphyxiation - Fictional accounts

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7 is the third album from the British ska group Madness. Released in 1981 it reached #5 in the UK album chart. 7 Madness album - Track listing. Cardiac Arrest Shut Up Sign of the Times Missing You Mrs. Hutchinson Tomorrow's Dream Grey Day Pac-A-Mac Promises Promises Benny Bullfrog When Dawn Arrives Opium Eaters Day on the Town ...

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7 Madness album - Track listing

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Cerebral hypoxia refers to a condition in which there is a decrease of oxygen supply to the brain even though there is adequate blood flow. Drowning, strangling, choking, suffocation, cardiac arrest, head trauma, carbon monoxide poisoning, and complications of general anesthesia can create conditions that can lead to cerebral hypoxia. Symptoms of mild cerebral hypoxia include inattentiveness, poor judgment, memory loss, and a decrease in motor coordination. Brain cells are extremely sensitive to oxygen deprivation and can begin to die ...

Including:

Cerebral hypoxia - Treatment Cerebral hypoxia - Prognosis

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An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a portable electronic device that diagnoses and treats cardiac arrest by reestablishing an effective heart rhythm. This treatment is called defibrillation, which applies an electric shock to the entire heart muscle, uniformly clearing the electrical activity of the heart, hopefully allowing it to resynchronize. The use of AEDs is taught in many basic life support (BLS) classes. Automated external defibrillator - When an AED is indicated. An automate ...

Including:

Automated external defibrillator - When an AED is indicated Automated external defibrillator - Where AEDs are found Automated external defibrillator - How an AED works Automated external defibrillator - Simplicity of AED use
Automated external defibrillator - Liability

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The ECG has become so familiar to the general population that it is part of the logo of many medical organisations, representing the technical side of medicine vs. the Rod of Asclepius or caduceus, which are more traditional. Being an electrical representation, it signifies vitality and urgency. In various television medical dramas, an isoelectric ECG (no cardiac electrical activity or flatline) is often used as a symbol of death or at least extreme medical peril. This is technically known as asystole, a form of cardiac arrest ...

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Electrocardiogram, Electrocardiogram - Uses, Electrocardiogram - Lead placement, Electrocardiogram - The normal ECG, Electrocardiogram - Axis, Electrocardiogram - P wave, Electrocardiogram - QRS, Electrocardiogram - T wave, Electrocardiogram - ECG measures, Electrocardiogram - QT interval, Electrocardiogram - PR interval, Electrocardiogram - History, Electrocardiogram - Representation in culture

Read more here: » Electrocardiogram: Encyclopedia II - Electrocardiogram - Representation in culture

An ECG is constructed by measuring electrical potential between various points of the body using a galvanometer. Leads I, II and III are measured over the limbs: I is from the right to the left arm, II is from the right arm to the left leg and III is from the left arm to the left leg. From this, the imaginary point V is constructed, which is located centrally in the chest above the heart. The other nine leads are derived from potential between this point and the three limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF) and the si ...

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Electrocardiogram, Electrocardiogram - Uses, Electrocardiogram - Lead placement, Electrocardiogram - The normal ECG, Electrocardiogram - Axis, Electrocardiogram - P wave, Electrocardiogram - QRS, Electrocardiogram - T wave, Electrocardiogram - ECG measures, Electrocardiogram - QT interval, Electrocardiogram - PR interval, Electrocardiogram - History, Electrocardiogram - Representation in culture

Read more here: » Electrocardiogram: Encyclopedia II - Electrocardiogram - Lead placement

Myocardial infarction - Ischemia and infarction. The underlying mechanism of a heart attack is the destruction of heart muscle cells due to a lack of oxygen. If these cells are not supplied with sufficient oxygen by the coronary arteries to meet their metabolic demands, they die by a process called infarction. The decrease in blood supply has the following consequences: Heart muscle which has lost blood flow long enough, e.g. 10-15 minutes, dies (necrosis) and does not grow back. A collagensca ...

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Myocardial infarction, Myocardial infarction - Symptoms, Myocardial infarction - Diagnosis, Myocardial infarction - Electrocardiogram, Myocardial infarction - Myocardial markers, Myocardial infarction - Pathophysiology, Myocardial infarction - Ischemia and infarction, Myocardial infarction - Atherosclerosis, Myocardial infarction - First aid, Myocardial infarction - Immediate care, Myocardial infarction - Emergency services, Myocardial infarction - Wilderness first aid, Myocardial infarction - Air travel, Myocardial infarction - Treatment, Myocardial infarction - First line, Myocardial infarction - Reperfusion, Myocardial infarction - Monitoring and follow-up, Myocardial infarction - History

Read more here: » Myocardial infarction: Encyclopedia II - Myocardial infarction - Pathophysiology

Myocardial infarction - Ischemia and infarction. The underlying mechanism of a heart attack is the destruction of heart muscle cells due to a lack of oxygen. If these cells are not supplied with sufficient oxygen by the coronary arteries to meet their metabolic demands, they die by a process called infarction. The decrease in blood supply has the following consequences: Heart muscle which has lost blood flow long enough, e.g. 10-15 minutes, dies (necrosis) and does not grow back. A collagen sc ...

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Myocardial infarction, Myocardial infarction - Symptoms, Myocardial infarction - Diagnosis, Myocardial infarction - Electrocardiogram, Myocardial infarction - Myocardial markers, Myocardial infarction - Pathophysiology, Myocardial infarction - Ischemia and infarction, Myocardial infarction - Atherosclerosis / other predisposing factors, Myocardial infarction - First aid, Myocardial infarction - Immediate care, Myocardial infarction - Emergency services, Myocardial infarction - Wilderness first aid, Myocardial infarction - Air travel, Myocardial infarction - Treatment, Myocardial infarction - First line, Myocardial infarction - Reperfusion, Myocardial infarction - Monitoring and follow-up, Myocardial infarction - History

Read more here: » Myocardial infarction: Encyclopedia II - Myocardial infarction - Pathophysiology

A typical ECG tracing of a normal heartbeat consists of a P wave, a QRS complex and a T wave. A small U wave is not normally visible. Electrocardiogram - Axis. The axis is the general direction of the electrical impulse through the heart. It is usually directed to the bottom left (normal axis: -30o to +90o), although it can deviate to the right in very tall people and to the left in obesity. Extreme deviation is abnormal and indicates a bundle branch block, vent ...

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Electrocardiogram, Electrocardiogram - Uses, Electrocardiogram - Lead placement, Electrocardiogram - The normal ECG, Electrocardiogram - Axis, Electrocardiogram - P wave, Electrocardiogram - QRS, Electrocardiogram - T wave, Electrocardiogram - ECG measures, Electrocardiogram - QT interval, Electrocardiogram - PR interval, Electrocardiogram - History, Electrocardiogram - Representation in culture

Read more here: » Electrocardiogram: Encyclopedia II - Electrocardiogram - The normal ECG