carbonic acid

Carbonic acid is a carbon-containing acid with the formula H2CO3. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water, which contain small amounts of H2CO3. The salts of carbonic acids are called bicarbonates (or hydrogencarbonates) and carbonates. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is in equilibrium with carbonic acid: CO2 + H2 ...

Including:

• Carbonic acid - Acidity of carbonic acid
• Carbonic acid - Instability of carbonic acid
• Carbonic acid - Carbonic acid and rain water

Read more here: » Carbonic acid: Encyclopedia - Carbonic acid

This refers to the bicarbonate ion, for baking soda, see Sodium bicarbonate. A Bicarbonate or, more properly, a hydrogen carbonate is a polyatomic ion whose formula is HCO3-. It is the intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid: removing the first proton from carbonic acid forms bicarbonate; removing the second proton leads to the carbonate ion. The salts which contain the bicarbonate ion are also known as bicarbonates, such as sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) NaHCO ...

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Carbonate is an anion with a charge of -2 and an empirical formula of CO32-. For an aqueous solution, carbonate exists in three forms. In strongly basic conditions, the carbonate ion, CO32-, predominates. In weakly basic conditions, bicarbonate ion, HCO3- is prevalent. In acid conditions, aqueous carbon dioxide, CO2(aq), is the main form. This also contains a minute amount of carbonic acid, H2CO3. Thus sodium carbonate is basic, sodium bicarbonate is weakly ba ...

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Weathering is the process of decomposition and/or disintegration of rocks, soils and their minerals through natural, chemical, and biological processes that is, in place. It is not to be confused with erosion, which is the movement of rocks and/or weathering products by water, wind, ice or gravity. The breakdown products, after chemical weathering of rock and sediment minerals and the leaching out of the more soluble parts, when combined with decaying organic material, is called soil. The mineral content of the soil is determin ...

Including:

• Weathering - Mechanical Physical Weathering
• Weathering - Exfoliation
• Weathering - Freeze-thaw
• Weathering - Pressure release
• Weathering - Salt-crystal growth
• Weathering - Organic Activity
• Weathering - Abrasion
• Weathering - Chemical Weathering
• Weathering - Carbonation-solution
• Weathering - Hydration
• Weathering - Hydrolysis
• Weathering - Oxidation
• Weathering - Acids rain and plants

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Carbonation occurs when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water or an aqueous solution. This process is generally represented by the following reaction, where water and gaseous carbon dioxide react to form a dilute solution of carbonic acid. H2O + CO2 ↔ H2CO3 This process yields the "fizz" to carbonated water and sparkling mineral water, the head to beer, and the cor ...

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Acid rain is defined as any type of precipitation with a pH of below 5.0. Normal rain has a pH which can range between 4.5 and 5.6 with an average value of 5.0. This natural acidity is caused by dissolved carbon dioxide dissociating to form weak carbonic acid. 'Acid rain' is caused by sulfur from volcanic venting or impurities in fossil fuels, and nitrogen from the air, combining with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These diffuse into the atmosphere and react with water to form sulfuric and nitric acids which are so ...

Including:

• Acid rain - Origin
• Acid rain - Formation
• Acid rain - History
• Acid rain - Prevention Methods
• Acid rain - Effects of acid rain on soil biology

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Saturated fat is fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain (hence, they are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms). There are several kinds of naturally occurring saturated fatty acids, with their only difference being the number of carbon atoms - from 1 to 24. Some common examples of saturated fatty acids are butyric acid with 4 carbon atoms (contained in butter), lauric acid with 12 carbon atoms (contained in mot ...

Including:

• Saturated fat - Health issues
• Saturated fat - Controversy

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In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. In biochemistry, this shorter and more general term is frequently used to refer to alpha amino acids: those amino acids in which the amino and carboxylate functionalities are attached to the same carbon, the so-called α–carbon. An amino acid residue is what is left of an amino acid once a molecule of water has been lost (an H+ from the nitrogenous side and an OH- from the carboxylic side) i ...

Including:

• Amino acid - Overview
• Amino acid - General structure
• Amino acid - Isomerism
• Amino acid - Reactions
• Amino acid - List of standard amino acids
• Amino acid - Structures
• Amino acid - Chemical properties
• Amino acid - Hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids
• Amino acid - Nonstandard amino acids
• Amino acid - Uses of substances derived from amino acids

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Carbonated water, also known as soda water, sparkling water, or seltzer water, is plain water into which carbon dioxide gas has been dissolved. The process of dissolving carbon dioxide gas is called carbonation. It results in the formation of carbonic acid (which has the chemical formula H2CO3). Club soda may be identical to plain carbonated water or it may contain a small amount table salt, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium s ...

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Arginine (Arg) is an α-amino acid. The L-form is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. In mammals, arginine is classified as a semiessential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual. Arginine - Structure. Arginine can be considered to be an amphipathic amino acid as the part of the side chain nearest to the backbone is long, carbon-containing and hydrophobic, whereas the end of the side chain is a complex Including:

• Arginine - Structure
• Arginine - Synthesis
• Arginine - Function
• Arginine - In proteins
• Arginine - As a precursor
• Arginine - Sources

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Cyanic acid is a colourless poisonous liquid with a boiling point of 23.5°C and a melting point of -81°C. At 0°C cyanic acid is converted to cyamelide. In water, cyanic acid hydrolyses to carbon dioxide and ammonia. Cyanic acid (H-N=C=O) is an isomer of fulminic acid (H-C=N-O). Two tautomers exist for cyanic acid, NC-O-H and H-N=C=O . It forms in a reaction between potassium cyanate and formic acid.< ...

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Carbonic acid has two acidic hydrogens and so two dissociation constants: H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3− + H+ Ka1 = 2.5×10−4 mol/L; pKa1 = 3.60. HCO3− ⇌ CO32− + H+ Ka2 = 5.61×10−11 mol/L; p ...

See also:

Carbonic acid, Carbonic acid - Acidity of carbonic acid, Carbonic acid - Instability of carbonic acid, Carbonic acid - Carbonic acid and rain water

Read more here: » Carbonic acid: Encyclopedia II - Carbonic acid - Acidity of carbonic acid

A solution of carbon dioxide in water in equilibrium with the atmosphere (0.033% CO2) has a pH of 5.6. Rain water is normally not quite saturated in CO2, and has a pH of around 6 in the absence of atmospheric pollutants. This effect is separate from the phenomenon of acid rain, where industrial pollutants such as sulfur dioxide dissolve in rain water and lower its pH drastically. However, the acidity of rain water has important geological consequences for carbonate rocks such as chalk and limestone. An equilibrium is es ...

See also:

Carbonic acid, Carbonic acid - Acidity of carbonic acid, Carbonic acid - Instability of carbonic acid, Carbonic acid - Carbonic acid and rain water

Read more here: » Carbonic acid: Encyclopedia II - Carbonic acid - Carbonic acid and rain water

Weathering - Carbonation-solution. Carbonation occurs on rocks which contain calcium carbonate such as limestone and chalk. This takes place when rain combines with carbon dioxide or an organic acid to form a weak carbonic acid which reacts with calcium carbonate and forms calcium bicarbonate. The reactions as follows: CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 carbon dioxide + water ⇌ carbonic acid H2See also:

Weathering, Weathering - Mechanical Physical Weathering, Weathering - Exfoliation, Weathering - Freeze-thaw, Weathering - Pressure release, Weathering - Salt-crystal growth, Weathering - Organic Activity, Weathering - Abrasion, Weathering - Chemical Weathering, Weathering - Carbonation-solution, Weathering - Hydration, Weathering - Hydrolysis, Weathering - Oxidation, Weathering - Acids rain and plants

Read more here: » Weathering: Encyclopedia II - Weathering - Chemical Weathering

Acid - Strong inorganic acids. Hydrobromic acid Hydrochloric acid Hydroiodic acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Perchloric acid Acid - Medium to weak inorganic acids. Boric acid Carbonic acid Chloric acid Hydrofluoric acid Phosphoric aci ...

See also:

Acid, Acid - Chemical characteristics, Acid - Number of acid dissociations, Acid - Characteristics of acids, Acid - Different definitions of acid/base, Acid - Acid number, Acid - Neutralization, Acid - Naming acids, Acid - Common acids, Acid - Strong inorganic acids, Acid - Medium to weak inorganic acids, Acid - Weak organic acids, Acid - Acids in food, Acid - Sources

Read more here: » Acid: Encyclopedia II - Acid - Common acids

Sodium amide is used in the industrial production of indigo, hydrazine and sodium cyanide.[3] It is the reagent of choice for the drying of ammonia (liquid or gaseous) and is also widely used as a strong base in organic chemistry, often in liquid ammonia solution. Sodium amide - Preparation of alkynes. Sodium amide will eliminate two molecules of hydrogen bromide from a vicinal dibromoalkane to give a carbon-carbon tripl ...

See also:

Sodium amide, Sodium amide - Preparation, Sodium amide - Uses, Sodium amide - Preparation of alkynes, Sodium amide - Cyclization reactions, Sodium amide - Deprotonation of carbon and nitrogen acids, Sodium amide - Other reactions, Sodium amide - Safety, Sodium amide - Suppliers

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The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO2. This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by living things, and a common volatile elsewhere. In water it forms trace amounts of methanoic acid, HCO2H, but as most compounds with multiple single-bonded oxygens on a single carbon it is unstable. Through this intermediate, though, resonance-stabilized carbonate ions are produced. ...

See also:

Carbon, Carbon - Notable characteristics, Carbon - Applications, Carbon - Other uses, Carbon - History and Etymology, Carbon - Allotropes, Carbon - Occurrence, Carbon - Organic compounds, Carbon - Carbon chains, Carbon - Carbon cycle, Carbon - Isotopes, Carbon - Precautions

Read more here: » Carbon: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Organic compounds

Mechanical weathering is the cause of the disintegration of rocks or wood. Most of the times it produces smaller angular fragments (like scree) as compared to chemical weathering. However, chemical and physical weathering often go hand in hand. For example, cracks exploited by mechanical weathering will increase the surface area exposed to chemical action. Furthermore, the chemical action at minerals in cracks can aid the disintegration pr ...

See also:

Weathering, Weathering - Mechanical Physical Weathering, Weathering - Exfoliation, Weathering - Freeze-thaw, Weathering - Pressure release, Weathering - Salt-crystal growth, Weathering - Organic Activity, Weathering - Abrasion, Weathering - Chemical Weathering, Weathering - Carbonation-solution, Weathering - Hydration, Weathering - Hydrolysis, Weathering - Oxidation, Weathering - Acids rain and plants

Read more here: » Weathering: Encyclopedia II - Weathering - Mechanical Physical Weathering

Mechanical weathering is the cause of the disintegration of rocks or, wood. Most of the times it produces smaller angular fragments (like scree,) as compared to chemical weathering. However, chemical and physical weathering often go hand in hand. For example, cracks exploited by mechanical weathering will increase the surface area exposed to chemical action. Furthermore, the chemical action at minerals in cracks can aid the disintegration pr ...

See also:

Weathering, Weathering - Mechanical Physical Weathering, Weathering - Exfoliation, Weathering - Freeze-thaw, Weathering - Pressure release, Weathering - Salt-crystal growth, Weathering - Organic Activity, Weathering - Abrasion, Weathering - Chemical Weathering, Weathering - Carbonation-solution, Weathering - Hydration, Weathering - Hydrolysis, Weathering - Oxidation, Weathering - Acids rain and plants

Read more here: » Weathering: Encyclopedia II - Weathering - Mechanical Physical Weathering

Fatty acid - Saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids do not contain any double bonds or other functional groups along the chain. The term "saturated" refers to hydrogen, in that all carbons (apart from the carboxylic acid [-COOH] group) contain as many hydrogens as possible. In other words, the omega (ω) end contains 3 hydrogens (CH3-) and each carbon within ...

See also:

Fatty acid, Fatty acid - Types of fatty acids, Fatty acid - Saturated fatty acids, Fatty acid - Unsaturated fatty acids, Fatty acid - Free fatty acids, Fatty acid - pH, Fatty acid - Autoxidation and rancidity, Fatty acid - Sources

Read more here: » Fatty acid: Encyclopedia II - Fatty acid - Types of fatty acids