Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Uses
Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important refrigerants, especially in the food industry, where they are employed during the transport...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Uses
Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important refrigerants, especially in the food industry, where they are employed during the transport...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Dry Ice
Dry ice is a genericized trademark for solid ("frozen") carbon dioxide. The term was coined in 1925 by Prest Air Devices, a company forme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. A very widely known chemical compound, it is frequentl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clean Coal: Encyclopedia - Clean Coal
Clean coal is coal chemically washed of minerals and impurities, sometimes gasified, burned and the resulting flue gases treated with ste...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Fixation: Encyclopedia - Carbon Fixation
Carbon fixation is a process found in autotrophs, usually driven by photosynthesis, whereby carbon dioxide is converted into organic comp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Flux: Encyclopedia - Carbon Flux
Carbon flux is an abbreviated phrase used loosly to refer to the net difference between sequestration and respiration of carbon dioxide. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Sequestering: Encyclopedia - Carbon Sequestering
Carbon Sequestering is a process whereby trees and other plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and through photosynthesis, tur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonatation: Encyclopedia - Carbonatation
Carbonatation is the process used in the production of sugar from sugar beet, whereby raw beet juice is mingled with milk of lime and car...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ammonium Bicarbonate: Encyclopedia - Ammonium Bicarbonate
Ammonium Bicarbonate also called bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, hartshorn, or powdered baking ammonia is the bicarb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Monoxide: Encyclopedia - Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide, chemical formula CO, is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, flammable and highly toxic gas. It is a major product of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biofuel: Encyclopedia - Biofuel
Biofuel is any fuel that derives from biomass — recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts, such as manure from cows. It i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Autotroph: Encyclopedia - Autotroph
An autotroph (from the Greek autos = self and trophe = nutrition) is an organism that produces organic compounds from carbon dioxide as a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemosynthesis: Encyclopedia - Chemosynthesis
Chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of 1-carbon molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sodium Silicate: Encyclopedia - Sodium Silicate
Sodium silicate, also known as water glass, is a compound used in cements, textile and lumber processing. Sodium silicate - Properties. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Butane: Encyclopedia - Butane
Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. Butane is also used as a collective term for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ceriumiv Oxide: Encyclopedia - Ceriumiv Oxide
Cerium(IV) oxide, ceric oxide, ceria, or sometimes simply cerium oxide or cerium dioxide, is a pale yellow-white powder, CeO2. It is used...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biodegradation: Encyclopedia - Biodegradation
Biodegradation is the decomposition of organic material by microorganisms. It is often used in relation to sewage treatment, environmenta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Breathing Gas: Encyclopedia - Breathing Gas
Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas. Other artificial gases, either pure gases or mixtures of gases, are used in enclos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Urea: Encyclopedia - Urea
Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arterial Blood Gas: Encyclopedia - Arterial Blood Gas
Arterial blood gas measurement is a blood test that is performed to determine the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ventilation: Encyclopedia - Ventilation
Ventilation is circulation of air, typically between a room, a tunnel, etc., and the air outside. When people or animals are present, ven...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Whitewash: Encyclopedia - Whitewash
Whitewash is a type of inexpensive paint made from slaked lime (Calcium hydroxide) and chalk (whiting). Other additives have historically...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Breath: Encyclopedia - Breath
Breathing transports oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. Aerobic organisms require oxygen to create energy via respi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baking Powder: Encyclopedia - Baking Powder
Baking powder is a dry chemical leavening agent used in baking. There are several formulations; all contain an alkali, typically sodium b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood Substitutes: Encyclopedia - Blood Substitutes
Blood substitutes are used to fill fluid volume and/or carry oxygen and other gases in the cardiovascular system. Substances called perfl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Details Of The Agreement
According to press release from the United Nations Environment Programme: "The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement under which industrialized...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Details Of The Agreement
According to a press release from the United Nations Environment Programme: "The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement under which industrializ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Support For Kyoto
Further information: Global warming Advocates of the Kyoto Protocol claim that reducing these emissions is crucially important; carbon di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Support For Kyoto
Advocates of the Kyoto Protocol claim that reducing these emissions is crucially important; carbon dioxide, they believe, is causing the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming And Agriculture: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming And Agriculture - Consequences Of Potential Global Climate Changes On Agricultural Production
Many scientists hold the position that agricultural shifts are likely. The possible effects proposed are listed below: The first direct e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Sink: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide Sink - Artificial Sequestration
For carbon to be sequestered artificially (i.e. not using the natural processes of the carbon cycle) it must first be captured. Thereafte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Sink: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide Sink - Enhancing Natural Sequestration
Carbon dioxide sink - Forests. Forests are carbon dioxide stores, but the sink effect exists only when they grow in size: it is thus na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - History
The first version of the modern fire extinguisher was invented in the United Kingdom by Captain George Manby in 1816, consisting of a cop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - Classification
Fire extinguisher - Europe. Three classes are defined according to the European Standard (EN 3): Class A: Fires involving common solid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - Chemistries
A fire extinguisher may emit a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical. Fire extinguisher - Water. Water is the most common chemical for cla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - Construction
Fire extinguisher - General. A fire extinguisher is usually made using the following components : One or more bottles A, containi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming And Agriculture: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming And Agriculture - Conclusions
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways : productivity, in terms of quantity and quality of c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - Maintenance
To operate safely and effectively, extinguishers should be subject to regular maintenance by a competent person and most countries in the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming And Agriculture: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming And Agriculture - Background
Global warming and agriculture - Assessment: global vs local. Despite technological advances, such as improved varieties, genetically m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon - Organic Compounds
The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO2. This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by livi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon - Organic Compounds
The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO2. This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by livi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperventilation: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperventilation - Mechanism
In normal breathing, both the depth and frequency of breaths is varied by the neural system in order to supply appropriate levels of oxyg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Butane: Encyclopedia Ii - Butane - Reactions And Uses
When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and steam: butane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + steam When oxygen is li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pyrometallurgy: Encyclopedia Ii - Pyrometallurgy - Roasting
Solid-gas reactions are used to chemically transform minerals. As an example, roasting is used to remove sulfur from sulfide ores. The or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Breathing Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Breathing Gas - Unwelcome Components Of Breathing Gases
Many gases are not suitable for use in diving breathing gases. Here is an incomplete list. Breathing gas - Argon. Argon (Ar) is an iner...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Current Positions Of Governments
Kyoto Protocol - Position of Russia. Vladimir Putin approved the treaty on November 4, 2004 and Russia officially notified the United N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absolute Dating: Encyclopedia Ii - Absolute Dating - Methods Of Absolute Dating
Absolute dating - Radiocarbon dating. One of the most widely used and well-known absolute dating techniques is carbon–14 (or radiocar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pidgeon Process: Encyclopedia Ii - Pidgeon Process - Carbothermic Unfeasible
The usual metallurgic carbon as the deoxidising reducing agent instead of silicon cannot be used, because the silicon dioxide is a solid,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diving Air Compressor: Encyclopedia Ii - Diving Air Compressor - Air Purity
In addition the compressed air output from the compressor must be filtered to make it fit for use as a breathing gas. The following filte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Urea Breath Test: Encyclopedia Ii - Urea Breath Test - Principles And Mechanism
Patients swallow urea labelled with an uncommon isotope, either radioactive carbon-14 or non-radioactive carbon-13. In the subsequent 10-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zinc-carbon Battery: Encyclopedia Ii - Zinc-carbon Battery - Mechanism
The container of the dry cell, which also serves as one of the electrodes, is made of zinc. The container is lined with porous paper bag ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plant Nutrition: Encyclopedia Ii - Plant Nutrition - Plant Uses For Essential Nutrients
Each of these nutrients are used in a different place for a different essential function. Carbon Carbon is what most of the plant is m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Fermentation - Products
Products produced by fermentation are actually waste products produced during the reduction of pyruvate to regenerate NAD+ in the absence...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Redox: Encyclopedia Ii - Redox - Redox Reactions In Biology
Much biological energy is stored and released by means of redox reactions. Photosynthesis involves the reduction of carbon dioxide into s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Emissions Trading: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Emissions Trading - Business Opinion
With the creation of a market for trading carbon dioxide emissions within the Kyoto Protocol, it is likely that London financial markets ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greenhouse Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Greenhouse Gas - Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases
Human activity raises levels of greenhouse gases primarily by releasing carbon dioxide, but other gases, e.g. methane, are not negligible...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Liquid Breathing: Encyclopedia Ii - Liquid Breathing - Later Developments
During later years, the techniques of fluid breathing were constantly refined and improved. The survival rate of all the tested animals i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Deforestation: Encyclopedia Ii - Deforestation - Environmental Effects
Deforestation - Atmospheric pollution. Deforestation is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Trees...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Laser Beam Welding: Encyclopedia Ii - Laser Beam Welding - Laser Types
There are two primary types of lasers used in welding and cutting: Gas lasers (CO2 type) Solid state lasers (Nd:YAG type) Carbon dioxid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming Potential: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming Potential - Calculation Of Gwp
GWP is based on a number of factors, including the radiative efficiency (heat-absorbing ability) of each gas relative to that of carbon d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lung: Encyclopedia Ii - Lung - Respiratory Function
Energy production in living organisms often uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, and thus often needs an efficient means of oxygen de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plaster: Encyclopedia Ii - Plaster - Lime Plaster
Lime plaster is a mixture of calcium hydroxide and sand (or other inert fillers). Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes the plaster to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sulfur: Encyclopedia Ii - Sulfur - Precautions
Carbon disulfide, Carbon oxysulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide should all be handled with care. Although sulfur dioxide is suf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sulfur: Encyclopedia Ii - Sulfur - Precautions
Carbon disulfide, Carbon oxysulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide should all be handled with care. Although sulfur dioxide is suf...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Carbon Cycle: Oceanography Dictionary - Carbon Cycle
  Definition and meaning of carbon cycle:   carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, carbonate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sedimentary Rock: Encyclopedia Ii - Sedimentary Rock - Other Information
Sedimentary rocks are economically important in that they can be used as construction material. In addition, sedimentary rocks often form...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ligase: Encyclopedia Ii - Ligase - Nomenclature
The common names of ligases often include the word "ligase," such as DNA ligase, an enzyme commonly used in molecular biology laboratorie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - Markings
Fire extinguisher - Australia. Fire extinguisher - United Kingdom. Before 1997, UK Fire Extinguishers were also colour coded but slig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Keg: Encyclopedia Ii - Keg - Homebrewing Kegs
Homebrewers often use kegs for aging, filtering, and storing beer. These are seldom the standard kegs used by major brewers to transport ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mitigation Of Global Warming: Encyclopedia Ii - Mitigation Of Global Warming - Encouraging Technology And Use Changes
See also: Kyoto Protocol Mitigation of global warming - Carbon emissions trading. Main article: Carbon emissions trading The European U...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nitrous Oxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Nitrous Oxide - Nitrous Oxide In The Atmosphere
Nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide included, are greenhouse gases; nitrous oxide has 296 times the effect of carbon dioxide for producing glo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetazolamide: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetazolamide - Uses
Acetazolamide - General. Acetazolamide is used in glaucoma and epilepsy. In epilepsy, its main use is in absence seizures, with some be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethylene Oxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethylene Oxide - Production
Industrially, ethylene oxide is produced when ethylene and oxygen react on a silver catalyst at 200–300 °C. Pressures used are in the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol Fermentation - The Chemical Process Of Fermentation
Fermentation is a chemical pathway that provides such a substance. In the ethanol fermentation used by yeasts and other organisms, the io...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mole Unit: Encyclopedia Ii - Mole Unit - Example Calculation
In this example, moles are used to calculate the mass of CO2 given off when 1 g of ethane is burnt. The equation for this chemical r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inulin: Encyclopedia Ii - Inulin - Uses And Health Benefits
People have used plants containing inulin to help relieve diabetes mellitus – a condition characterised by hyperglycemia and/or hyperin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inert Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Inert Gas - Applications
Because of the non-reactive properties of inert gases they are often useful to prevent undesirable chemical reactions from taking place. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biotin: Encyclopedia Ii - Biotin - Biochemistry
Biotin is a cofactor responsible for carbon dioxide transfer in several carboxylase enzymes: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Methylcrotonyl-CoA c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sublimation Physics: Encyclopedia Ii - Sublimation Physics - Sublimation And The Elements
Some materials (such as zinc and cadmium) will sublimate at low pressures and thus may be a problem encountered in high-vacuum applicatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Calcium: Encyclopedia Ii - Calcium - Compounds
Calcium, combined with phosphate to form hydroxylapatite, is the mineral portion of human and animal bones and teeth. The mineral portion...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Global Warming: Oceanography Dictionary - Global Warming
  Definition and meaning of global warming:   global warming - the gradual increase in global temperatures caused by the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inerting System: Encyclopedia Ii - Inerting System - Use In Military Aircraft
Inerting systems have been used in military aircraft starting with a 1950 version of the United States' B-47 bomber jet, which sublimated...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plant: Encyclopedia Ii - Plant - Growth
It is a common misconception that most of the solid material in a plant is taken from the soil, when in fact almost all of it is actually...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cyanobacteria: Encyclopedia Ii - Cyanobacteria - Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis in cyanobacteria generally uses water as an electron donor and produces oxygen as a by-product, though some may also use h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cyanobacteria: Encyclopedia Ii - Cyanobacteria - Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis in cyanobacteria generally uses water as an electron donor and produces oxygen as a by-product, though some may also use h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Fermentation - Products
Products produced by fermentation are actually waste products produced during the reduction of pyruvate to regenerate NAD+ in the absence...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetone: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetone - Chemistry
It forms a hydrazone with phenyl hydrazine and an oxime with hydroxylamine. Reduction by sodium amalgam converts it into isopropyl alcoho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coolant: Encyclopedia Ii - Coolant - Gases
Air is the most common form of a coolant. Air cooling uses either convective airflow (passive cooling), or a forced circulation using fan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Environmental Vegetarianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Environmental Vegetarianism - Emissions
Globally, the agriculture sector produces between 50-75% of anthropogenic methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions respectively, a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Fermentation - Uses
The primary benefit of fermentation is the conversion, e.g., converting juice into wine, grains into beer, and carbohydrates into carbon ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bug Zapper: Encyclopedia Ii - Bug Zapper - Drawbacks
Although many people use bug zappers to control mosquito populations, the actual number of mosquitoes that are attracted to the devices i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yawn: Encyclopedia Ii - Yawn - Causes Of Yawning
A long-standing hypothesis is that yawning is caused by an excess of carbon dioxide and lack of oxygen in the blood. The brain stem detec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soil Life: Encyclopedia Ii - Soil Life - Fungi
A gram of garden soil can contain around one million fungi, such as yeasts and moulds. Fungi have no chlorophyll, and are not able to pho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Biology
Carbon dioxide is an end product in organisms that obtain energy from breaking down sugars or fats with oxygen as part of their metabolis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - History
Carbon dioxide was one of the first gases to be described as a substance distinct from air. In the 17th century, the Flemish chemist Jan ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Atmosphere
As of 2004, the earth's atmosphere is about 0.038% by volume (380 µL/L or ppmv) or 0.057% by weight CO2. This represents about 2.94 × 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Atmosphere
As of 2004, the earth's atmosphere is about 0.038% by volume (380 µL/L or ppmv) or 0.053% by weight CO2. This represents about 2.7 × 10...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Oceans
The Earth's oceans contain a huge amount of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate ions—much more than the amount in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Chemical And Physical Properties
Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas which, when inhaled at high concentrations (a dangerous activity because of the associated asphyxiation...   » Read the article