Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. A very widely known chemical compound, it is frequentl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Oceans
The Earth's oceans contain a huge amount of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate ions—much more than the amount in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Uses
Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important refrigerants, especially in the food industry, where they are employed during the transport...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Sink: Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Sink
A carbon dioxide sink or CO2 sink is a carbon reservoir that is increasing in size, and is the opposite of a carbon "source". The main si...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bicarbonate: Encyclopedia - Bicarbonate
This refers to the bicarbonate ion, for baking soda, see Sodium bicarbonate. A Bicarbonate or, more properly, a hydrogen carbonate is a p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood: Encyclopedia - Blood
Blood is a circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). Medical terms related t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Breathing Gas: Encyclopedia - Breathing Gas
Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas. Other artificial gases, either pure gases or mixtures of gases, are used in enclos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonic Acid: Encyclopedia - Carbonic Acid
Carbonic acid is a carbon-containing acid with the formula H2CO3. It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in wat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonation: Encyclopedia - Carbonation
Carbonation occurs when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water or an aqueous solution. This process is generally represented by the followi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonate: Encyclopedia - Carbonate
Carbonate is an anion with a charge of -2 and an empirical formula of CO32-. For an aqueous solution, carbonate exists in three forms. In...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clean Coal: Encyclopedia - Clean Coal
Clean coal is coal chemically washed of minerals and impurities, sometimes gasified, burned and the resulting flue gases treated with ste...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Emissions Trading: Encyclopedia - Carbon Emissions Trading
Carbon emissions trading involves the trading of permits to emit carbon dioxide (and other greenhouse gases, calculated in tonnes of carb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonated Water: Encyclopedia - Carbonated Water
Carbonated water, also known as soda water, sparkling water, or seltzer water, is plain water into which carbon dioxide gas has been diss...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Fixation: Encyclopedia - Carbon Fixation
Carbon fixation is a process found in autotrophs, usually driven by photosynthesis, whereby carbon dioxide is converted into organic comp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Flux: Encyclopedia - Carbon Flux
Carbon flux is an abbreviated phrase used loosly to refer to the net difference between sequestration and respiration of carbon dioxide. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonatation: Encyclopedia - Carbonatation
Carbonatation is the process used in the production of sugar from sugar beet, whereby raw beet juice is mingled with milk of lime and car...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ammonium Bicarbonate: Encyclopedia - Ammonium Bicarbonate
Ammonium Bicarbonate also called bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, hartshorn, or powdered baking ammonia is the bicarb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Monoxide: Encyclopedia - Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide, chemical formula CO, is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, flammable and highly toxic gas. It is a major product of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbamoyl Phosphate: Encyclopedia - Carbamoyl Phosphate
Carbamoyl phosphate is a molecule that is involved in ridding the body of excess nitrogen in the urea cycle, and also in the synthesis of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Sequestering: Encyclopedia - Carbon Sequestering
Carbon Sequestering is a process whereby trees and other plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and through photosynthesis, tur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Tax: Encyclopedia - Carbon Tax
A carbon tax is a tax on energy sources which emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It is an example of a pollution tax, which has bee...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biofuel: Encyclopedia - Biofuel
Biofuel is any fuel that derives from biomass — recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts, such as manure from cows. It i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - History
Carbon dioxide was one of the first gases to be described as a substance distinct from air. In the 17th century, the Flemish chemist Jan ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Uses
Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important refrigerants, especially in the food industry, where they are employed during the transport...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Biology
Carbon dioxide is an end product in organisms that obtain energy from breaking down sugars or fats with oxygen as part of their metabolis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Atmosphere
As of 2004, the earth's atmosphere is about 0.038% by volume (380 µL/L or ppmv) or 0.057% by weight CO2. This represents about 2.94 × 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Atmosphere
As of 2004, the earth's atmosphere is about 0.038% by volume (380 µL/L or ppmv) or 0.053% by weight CO2. This represents about 2.7 × 10...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Sink: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide Sink - Artificial Sequestration
For carbon to be sequestered artificially (i.e. not using the natural processes of the carbon cycle) it must first be captured. Thereafte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Solubility Pump: Encyclopedia Ii - Solubility Pump - Carbon Dioxide Solubility
Carbon dioxide, like other gases, is soluble in water. However, unlike many other gases (oxygen for instance), it reacts with water and f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Sink: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide Sink - Carbon Sinks And The Kyoto Protocol
The protocols hold that, since growing vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide, countries that have large areas of forest (or other vegetation)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Sink: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide Sink - Natural Sinks
Carbon dioxide sink - Forests. The idea of carbon sinks based on growing trees rests on an understanding of the carbon cycle. Enormous ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Dry Ice
Dry ice is a genericized trademark for solid ("frozen") carbon dioxide. The term was coined in 1925 by Prest Air Devices, a company forme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Laser: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide Laser - Amplification
The active laser medium (laser gain/amplification medium) is a gas discharge which is air cooled (water cooled in higher power applicatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Sink: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide Sink - Enhancing Natural Sequestration
Carbon dioxide sink - Forests. Forests are carbon dioxide stores, but the sink effect exists only when they grow in size: it is thus na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide Laser: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide Laser - Construction
Because CO2 lasers operate in the infrared, special materials are necessary for their construction. Typically, the mirrors are made of co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Dioxide: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Dioxide - Chemical And Physical Properties
Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas which, when inhaled at high concentrations (a dangerous activity because of the associated asphyxiation...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paleoclimatology: Encyclopedia Ii - Paleoclimatology - History Of The Atmosphere
Paleoclimatology - Earliest atmosphere. The earliest atmosphere of the Earth was probably stripped away by solar winds early in the his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Photosynthesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Photosynthesis - Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
There are three main factors affecting photosynthesis and several corollary factors. The three main are: Light irradiance and wavelength...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paleoclimatology: Encyclopedia Ii - Paleoclimatology - Techniques Of Paleoclimatology
Paleoclimatologists employ a wide variety of skills to arrive at their theories and conclusions. Glaciers are a widely employed instrumen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Breathing Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Breathing Gas - Unwelcome Components Of Breathing Gases
Many gases are not suitable for use in diving breathing gases. Here is an incomplete list. Breathing gas - Argon. Argon (Ar) is an iner...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Photosynthesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Photosynthesis - Molecular Production
Photosynthesis - Light-dependent reaction. The products of the light dependent reactions are ATP from photophosphorylation and NADPH fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Photosynthesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Photosynthesis - Photosynthesis In Algae And Bacteria
Algae range from multicellular forms like kelp to microscopic, single-celled organisms. Although they are not as complex as land plants, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Photosynthesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Photosynthesis - Plant Photosynthesis
Plants are photoautotrophs, which means they are able to synthesize food directly from inorganic compounds using light energy, instead of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Photosynthesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Photosynthesis - Discovery
Although some of the steps in photosynthesis are still not completely understood, the overall photosynthetic equation has been known sinc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming And Agriculture: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming And Agriculture - Consequences Of Potential Global Climate Changes On Agricultural Production
Many scientists hold the position that agricultural shifts are likely. The possible effects proposed are listed below: The first direct e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Details Of The Agreement
According to press release from the United Nations Environment Programme: "The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement under which industrialized...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood - Physiology Of Blood
Blood - Production and degradation. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow; the process is termed hematopoiesis. The proteinaceous...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Details Of The Agreement
According to a press release from the United Nations Environment Programme: "The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement under which industrializ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Triangle: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Triangle - Fire Tetrahedron
The fire triangle is a useful teaching tool, but fails to identify the fourth essential element of fire: the sustaining chemical reaction...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Support For Kyoto
Advocates of the Kyoto Protocol claim that reducing these emissions is crucially important; carbon dioxide, they believe, is causing the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Support For Kyoto
Further information: Global warming Advocates of the Kyoto Protocol claim that reducing these emissions is crucially important; carbon di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Breathing Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Breathing Gas - Individual Component Gases
Breathing gas - Oxygen. Oxygen (O2) must be present in every breathing gas. This is because it is essential to the human body's metabol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming Controversy - Discussion Of Some Of The Points
Global warming controversy - Global warming and carbon dioxide. One argument against anthropogenic global warming questions the content...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - Chemistries
A fire extinguisher may emit a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical. Fire extinguisher - Water. Water is the most common chemical for cla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming Controversy - Points Made By Supporters Of The Global Warming Theory
Supporters of the global warming theory assert that: the recent rise in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is human-caused the hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood - Anatomy Of Blood
Blood is composed of several kinds of corpuscles; these formed elements of the blood constitute about 45% of whole blood. The other 55% i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood - Health And Disease
Blood - Ancient medicine. Hippocratic medicine considered blood one of the four humors (together with phlegm, yellow bile and black bil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blood: Encyclopedia Ii - Blood - Mythology And Religion
Due to its importance to life, blood is associated with a large number of beliefs. One of the most basic is the use of blood as a symbol ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - History
The first version of the modern fire extinguisher was invented in the United Kingdom by Captain George Manby in 1816, consisting of a cop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - Classification
Fire extinguisher - Europe. Three classes are defined according to the European Standard (EN 3): Class A: Fires involving common solid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - Construction
Fire extinguisher - General. A fire extinguisher is usually made using the following components : One or more bottles A, containi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming Controversy - Points Made By Opponents Of The Global Warming Theory
There are many reasons given for opposition to the global warming theory: IPCC draws firm conclusions unjustified by the science, especi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fire Extinguisher: Encyclopedia Ii - Fire Extinguisher - Maintenance
To operate safely and effectively, extinguishers should be subject to regular maintenance by a competent person and most countries in the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming Controversy - Controversial Issues
The controversy is made up of separate issues relating to global warming which are sometimes mixed together by proponents of one view or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Weathering: Encyclopedia Ii - Weathering - Chemical Weathering
Weathering - Carbonation-solution. Carbonation occurs on rocks which contain calcium carbonate such as limestone and chalk. This takes ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming Controversy - Scope Of The Controversy
The controversy occurs almost entirely within the press and political arenas. In the scientific press and among climate researchers, ther...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming And Agriculture: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming And Agriculture - Conclusions
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways : productivity, in terms of quantity and quality of c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming Controversy - Overview
Leaving the realm of scientific journals, the debate has spilled out into the public arena, with some politicians making the issue a comp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming Controversy - Counting Experts / Petitions And Attacks On Them
The proportion of scientists who support or oppose any of the global warming theories is a matter of controversy in its own right. Enviro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming And Agriculture: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming And Agriculture - Background
Global warming and agriculture - Assessment: global vs local. Despite technological advances, such as improved varieties, genetically m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon Cycle - Carbon In The Atmosphere
Carbon exists in Earth's atmosphere primarily as the gas carbon dioxide (CO2). Although it is a very small part of the atmosphere overall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Global Warming Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Global Warming Controversy - Counting Experts / Petitions And Attacks On Them
The proportion of scientists who support or oppose any of the global warming theories is a matter of controversy in its own right. Enviro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rubisco: Encyclopedia Ii - Rubisco - Enzymatic Activity
As shown in Figure 2 (left), RuBisCO is one of many enzymes in the Calvin cycle. Substrates. During carbon fixation, the substrate molecu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soft Drink: Encyclopedia Ii - Soft Drink - Fizzy Drinks
Fizzy drinks (carbonated beverages) are produced by injecting carbon dioxide into the drink at several atmospheres. Carbon dioxide dissol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Calcium Carbonate: Encyclopedia Ii - Calcium Carbonate - Chemical Properties
Calcium carbonate shares the typical properties of other carbonates. Notably: it reacts with strong acids, releasing carbon dioxide. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soft Drink: Encyclopedia Ii - Soft Drink - Fizzy Drinks
Fizzy drinks (carbonated beverages) are produced by injecting carbon dioxide into the drink at several atmospheres. Carbon dioxide dissol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon - Organic Compounds
The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO2. This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by livi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paleoclimatology: Encyclopedia Ii - Paleoclimatology - Planet's Timeline
Some of the mile stones that mark the history of the planet are as follows:    » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbon: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbon - Organic Compounds
The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO2. This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by livi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Calcium Carbonate: Encyclopedia Ii - Calcium Carbonate - Occurrence
Calcium carbonate is found naturally as the following minerals and rocks: Aragonite Calcite Chalk Limestone Marble Travertine Eggshells...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyperventilation: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyperventilation - Mechanism
In normal breathing, both the depth and frequency of breaths is varied by the neural system in order to supply appropriate levels of oxyg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Carbonic Acid - Carbonic Acid And Rain Water
A solution of carbon dioxide in water in equilibrium with the atmosphere (0.033% CO2) has a pH of 5.6. Rain water is normally not quite s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pyrometallurgy: Encyclopedia Ii - Pyrometallurgy - Roasting
Solid-gas reactions are used to chemically transform minerals. As an example, roasting is used to remove sulfur from sulfide ores. The or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greenhouse Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Greenhouse Gas - Related Effects
Carbon monoxide has an indirect radiative forcing effect by elevating concentrations of methane and tropospheric ozone through chemical r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Photosynthesis: Encyclopedia Ii - Photosynthesis - Bioenergetics Of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a physiological phenomenon that coverts solar energy into photochemical energy. This physiological phenomenon may be de...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Butane: Encyclopedia Ii - Butane - Reactions And Uses
When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and steam: butane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + steam When oxygen is li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alkalosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Alkalosis - Metabolic Alkalosis
Results from altered metabolism. Results in decreased hydrogen ion concentration leading to increased bicarbonate and carbon dioxide conc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sodium Silicate: Encyclopedia Ii - Sodium Silicate - Properties
Sodium carbonate and silicon dioxide react when molten to form sodium silicate and carbon dioxide. Sodium silicate is a white solid that ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Environment Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Environment Of China - Water Pollution
Almost all of the nation's rivers are considered polluted to some degree, and half of the population lacks access to clean water. Ninety ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Status Of The Agreement
The treaty was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997, opened for signature on March 16, 1998, and closed on March 15, 1999. The agr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Status Of The Agreement
The treaty was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997, opened for signature on March 16, 1998, and closed on March 15, 1999. The agr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Objectives
The objective is the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropoge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Current Positions Of Governments
Kyoto Protocol - Position of Russia. Vladimir Putin approved the treaty on November 4, 2004 and Russia officially notified the United N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kyoto Protocol: Encyclopedia Ii - Kyoto Protocol - Common But Differentiated Responsibility
The position of some industrialized nations on developing countries has often been criticized in the developing world. For example, the U...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Technical Diving: Encyclopedia Ii - Technical Diving - Definitions
Technical diving - Depth. Technical dives may be defined as being to depths deeper than 120 feet / 36 meters. This definition is derive...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Catalytic Converter: Encyclopedia Ii - Catalytic Converter - Purpose And Function Of Catalytic Converters
A three-way catalytic converter has three simultaneous tasks: oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 reductio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aerogel: Encyclopedia Ii - Aerogel - Production
Silica aerogel is made by drying a hydrogel composed of colloidal silica in an extreme environment. Specifically, the process starts with...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pidgeon Process: Encyclopedia Ii - Pidgeon Process - Carbothermic Unfeasible
The usual metallurgic carbon as the deoxidising reducing agent instead of silicon cannot be used, because the silicon dioxide is a solid,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absolute Dating: Encyclopedia Ii - Absolute Dating - Methods Of Absolute Dating
Absolute dating - Radiocarbon dating. One of the most widely used and well-known absolute dating techniques is carbon–14 (or radiocar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diving Air Compressor: Encyclopedia Ii - Diving Air Compressor - Air Purity
In addition the compressed air output from the compressor must be filtered to make it fit for use as a breathing gas. The following filte...   » Read the article