 |
at Global Oneness Community.
Share your dreams and let others help you with the interpretation!
Dream Sharing Forum
|
|
carbon-12 | A Wisdom Archive on carbon-12 | | carbon-12 A selection of articles related to carbon-12 | |
| We recommend this article: carbon-12 - 1, and also this: carbon-12 - 2. |
| | carbon-12, Carbon-12, Carbon-12 - History, Carbon, Carbon-14, Isotopes of carbon, Mole (unit) | | | Page 1 Page 2 » Page 3 « More » | |
| |
| ARTICLES RELATED TO carbon-12 | | | |  carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - OccurrenceThere are nearly ten million carbon compounds known to science. Many thousands of these are vital to life processes. They are also many organic-based reactions of economic importance. Carbon is abundant in the sun, stars, comets, and in the atmospheres of most planets. Some meteorites contain microscopic diamonds that were formed when the solar system was still a protoplanetary disk. In combination with other elements, carbon is found the earth's atmosphere and dissolved in all water bodies. With smaller amounts of calcium, magnesium, and ir ...
See also:Carbon, Carbon - Notable characteristics, Carbon - Applications, Carbon - Other uses, Carbon - History and Etymology, Carbon - Allotropes, Carbon - Occurrence, Carbon - Organic compounds, Carbon - Carbon chains, Carbon - Carbon cycle, Carbon - Isotopes, Carbon - Precautions Read more here: » Carbon: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Occurrence |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Applications Carbon is a vital component of all known living systems, and without it life as we know it could not exist (see alternative biochemistry). The major economic use of carbon is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuels methane gas and crude oil (petroleum). Crude oil is used by the petrochemical industry to produce, amongst others, gasoline and kerosene, through a distillation process, in refineries. Crude oil forms the raw material for many synthetic substances, many of ...
See also:Carbon, Carbon - Notable characteristics, Carbon - Applications, Carbon - Other uses, Carbon - History and Etymology, Carbon - Allotropes, Carbon - Occurrence, Carbon - Organic compounds, Carbon - Carbon chains, Carbon - Carbon cycle, Carbon - Isotopes, Carbon - Precautions Read more here: » Carbon: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Applications |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Notable characteristics Carbon is a remarkable element for many reasons. Its different forms include one of the softest (graphite) and one of the hardest (diamond) substances known. Moreover, it has a great affinity for bonding with other small atoms, including other carbon atoms, and its small size makes it capable of forming multiple bonds. Because of these properties, carbon is known to form nearly ten million different compounds, the large majority of all chemical compounds. Carbon compounds form the basis of all life on Earth and the carbon-nitrogen cycle prov ...
See also:Carbon, Carbon - Notable characteristics, Carbon - Applications, Carbon - Other uses, Carbon - History and Etymology, Carbon - Allotropes, Carbon - Occurrence, Carbon - Organic compounds, Carbon - Carbon chains, Carbon - Carbon cycle, Carbon - Isotopes, Carbon - Precautions Read more here: » Carbon: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Notable characteristics |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Organic compounds The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO2. This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by living things, and a common volatile elsewhere. In water it forms trace amounts of methanoic acid, HCO2H, but as most compounds with multiple single-bonded oxygens on a single carbon it is unstable. Through this intermediate, though, resonance-stabilized carbonate ions are produced. Some important minerals are carbonates, notably calcite. C ...
See also:Carbon, Carbon - Notable characteristics, Carbon - Applications, Carbon - Other uses, Carbon - History and Etymology, Carbon - Allotropes, Carbon - Occurrence, Carbon - Organic compounds, Carbon - Carbon chains, Carbon - Carbon cycle, Carbon - Isotopes, Carbon - Precautions Read more here: » Carbon: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Organic compounds |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Organic compounds The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO2. This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by living things, and a common volatile elsewhere. In water it forms trace amounts of methanoic acid, HCO2H, but as most compounds with multiple single-bonded oxygens on a single carbon it is unstable. Through this intermediate, though, resonance-stabilized carbonate ions are produced. ...
See also:Carbon, Carbon - Notable characteristics, Carbon - Applications, Carbon - Other uses, Carbon - History and Etymology, Carbon - Allotropes, Carbon - Occurrence, Carbon - Organic compounds, Carbon - Carbon chains, Carbon - Carbon cycle, Carbon - Isotopes, Carbon - Precautions Read more here: » Carbon: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - Organic compounds |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - History and Etymology Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known to the ancients, who manufactured it by burning organic material in insufficient oxygen (making charcoal). Diamonds have long been considered rare and beautiful. One of the last-known allotropes of carbon, fullerenes, were discovered as byproducts of molecular beam experiments in the 1980s.
The name comes from French charbone, which in turn came from Latin carbo, meaning charcoal. In German and Dutch, the names for carbon are Kohlenstoff and koolstof re ...
See also:Carbon, Carbon - Notable characteristics, Carbon - Applications, Carbon - Other uses, Carbon - History and Etymology, Carbon - Allotropes, Carbon - Occurrence, Carbon - Organic compounds, Carbon - Carbon chains, Carbon - Carbon cycle, Carbon - Isotopes, Carbon - Precautions Read more here: » Carbon: Encyclopedia II - Carbon - History and Etymology |
| |
| | | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Properties
Carbon nanotube - Mechanical.
Carbon nanotubes are one of the strongest materials known to man, both in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus. This strength results from the the covalent sp^2 bonds formed between the individual carbon atoms. In 2000, a SWNT was tested to have a tensile strength of 63 GPa. In comparison, high-carbon steel has a tensile strength of approximately 1.2 GPa. CNTs also have very high elastic modulus, in the order of 1 TPa [2]. Since carbon nanotubes have relatively low density, the strength t ...
See also:Carbon nanotube, Carbon nanotube - Single-walled nanotubes, Carbon nanotube - Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Carbon nanotube - Properties, Carbon nanotube - Mechanical, Carbon nanotube - Electrical, Carbon nanotube - Thermal, Carbon nanotube - Defects, Carbon nanotube - Synthesis, Carbon nanotube - Applications, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotube fiber & film, Carbon nanotube - Current progress, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotubes in electrical circuits Read more here: » Carbon nanotube: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Properties |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Defects As with any material, the existence of defects affect the material properties. Defects can occur in the form of atomic vacancies. High levels of such defects can lower the tensile strength by up to 85% [3]. Due to the almost one-dimensional structure of CNTs, the tensile strength of the tube is dependent on the weakest segment of it in a similar manner to a chain, where a defect in a single link will greatly ...
See also:Carbon nanotube, Carbon nanotube - Single-walled nanotubes, Carbon nanotube - Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Carbon nanotube - Properties, Carbon nanotube - Mechanical, Carbon nanotube - Electrical, Carbon nanotube - Thermal, Carbon nanotube - Defects, Carbon nanotube - Synthesis, Carbon nanotube - Applications, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotube fiber & film, Carbon nanotube - Current progress, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotubes in electrical circuits Read more here: » Carbon nanotube: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Defects |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon monoxide - Toxicity Carbon monoxide is very dangerous and life-threatening to humans and most forms of life, as inhaling excessively high amounts of it will lead to hypoxic injury, neurological damage, and possibly death. A concentration of as little as 0.04% (400 parts per million) carbon monoxide in the air can be fatal. The gas is especially dangerous because it is not easily detected by human senses. Early symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include drowsiness and headache, followed by unconsciousness, respiratory failure, and death. First aid for a victi ...
See also:Carbon monoxide, Carbon monoxide - Polluting effect, Carbon monoxide - Toxicity, Carbon monoxide - History, Carbon monoxide - Chemistry, Carbon monoxide - Carbon monoxide in the atmosphere Read more here: » Carbon monoxide: Encyclopedia II - Carbon monoxide - Toxicity |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Applications The strength and flexibility of carbon nanotubes makes them of potential use in controlling other nanoscale structures, which suggests they will have an important role in nanotechnology engineering. The highest tensile strength an individual SWNT has been tested to be is 63 GPa [4]. In Earth's upper atmosphere, atomic oxygen erodes the carbon nanotubes, but other applications of carbon nanotubes rarely need the surface to be protected. Though it is debatable if nanotube materials can ever be made with a tensile strength approaching that of i ...
See also:Carbon nanotube, Carbon nanotube - Single-walled nanotubes, Carbon nanotube - Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Carbon nanotube - Properties, Carbon nanotube - Mechanical, Carbon nanotube - Electrical, Carbon nanotube - Thermal, Carbon nanotube - Defects, Carbon nanotube - Synthesis, Carbon nanotube - Applications, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotube fiber & film, Carbon nanotube - Current progress, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotubes in electrical circuits Read more here: » Carbon nanotube: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Applications |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Synthesis Techniques have been developed to produce nanotubes in sizeable quantities, including arc discharge, laser ablation, high pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Of these, the CVD method has shown the most promise in terms of its price/unit ratio. It generally involves reacting a carbon-containing gas (such as acetylene, ethylene, ethanol, etc.) with a metal catalyst particle (usually cobalt, nickel, iron or a combination of these such as cobalt/iron or cobalt/molybdenium) at temperatures above 600°C. Unfortunately, although these methods can produce large quantities of nanotubes, their cost ...
See also:Carbon nanotube, Carbon nanotube - Single-walled nanotubes, Carbon nanotube - Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Carbon nanotube - Properties, Carbon nanotube - Mechanical, Carbon nanotube - Electrical, Carbon nanotube - Thermal, Carbon nanotube - Defects, Carbon nanotube - Synthesis, Carbon nanotube - Applications, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotube fiber & film, Carbon nanotube - Current progress, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotubes in electrical circuits Read more here: » Carbon nanotube: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Synthesis |
| |
| | | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon dioxide - Oceans The Earth's oceans contain a huge amount of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate ions—much more than the amount in the atmosphere. The bicarbonate is produced in reactions between rock, water, and carbon dioxide. One example is the dissolution of calcium carbonate:
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O ⇌ Ca2+ + 2 HCO3-
Reactions like this tend to buffer changes in atmospheric CO2. Reactions between carbon dioxide and non-carbonate rocks also add bic ...
See also:Carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide - Chemical and physical properties, Carbon dioxide - Uses, Carbon dioxide - Dry Ice, Carbon dioxide - Uses, Carbon dioxide - Handling, Carbon dioxide - Biology, Carbon dioxide - Atmosphere, Carbon dioxide - Variation in the past, Carbon dioxide - Oceans, Carbon dioxide - History Read more here: » Carbon dioxide: Encyclopedia II - Carbon dioxide - Oceans |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Applications The strength and flexibility of carbon nanotubes makes them of potential use in controlling other nanoscale structures, which suggests they will have an important role in nanotechnology engineering. The highest tensile strength an individual SWNT has been tested to be is 63 GPa [4]. In Earth's upper atmosphere, atomic oxygen erodes the carbon nanotubes, but other applications of carbon nanotubes rarely need the surface to be protected. Though it is debatable if nanotube materials can ever be made with a tensile strength approaching that of i ...
See also:Carbon nanotube, Carbon nanotube - Single-walled nanotubes, Carbon nanotube - Properties, Carbon nanotube - Synthesis, Carbon nanotube - Applications, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotube fiber & film, Carbon nanotube - Current progress, Carbon nanotube - Carbon nanotubes in electrical circuits Read more here: » Carbon nanotube: Encyclopedia II - Carbon nanotube - Applications |
| |
| | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon tetrachloride - Uses In the early 20th century, carbon tetrachloride was widely used as a dry cleaning solvent, as a refrigerant, and in fire extinguishers. However, once it became apparent that carbon tetrachloride exposure had severe adverse health effects, safer alternatives were found for these applications, and its use in these roles declined from about 1940 onward. Carbon tetrachloride persisted as a pesticide to kill insects in stored grain, but in 1970, it was bann ...
See also:Carbon tetrachloride, Carbon tetrachloride - Production, Carbon tetrachloride - Chemistry, Carbon tetrachloride - Uses, Carbon tetrachloride - Safety Read more here: » Carbon tetrachloride: Encyclopedia II - Carbon tetrachloride - Uses |
| |
| | | | | | | | carbon-12: Encyclopedia II - Carbon dioxide - Uses Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important refrigerants, especially in the food industry, where they are employed during the transportation and storage of ice cream and other frozen foods. Solid carbon dioxide is called "dry ice" and is used for small shipments where refrigeration equipment is not practical.
Carbon dioxide is used to produce carbonated soft drinks and soda water. Traditionally, the carbonation in beer and sparkling wine comes about through natural fermentation, but some manufacturers ...
See also:Carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide - Chemical and physical properties, Carbon dioxide - Uses, Carbon dioxide - Dry Ice, Carbon dioxide - Uses, Carbon dioxide - Handling, Carbon dioxide - Biology, Carbon dioxide - Atmosphere, Carbon dioxide - Variation in the past, Carbon dioxide - Oceans, Carbon dioxide - History Read more here: » Carbon dioxide: Encyclopedia II - Carbon dioxide - Uses |
| |
| | | | | Page 1 Page 2 » Page 3 « More » | |
| |
|
|
Search the Global Oneness web site |
|
|
|
