List of assassinated people - Algeria. Hiempsal, (117 BC), co-ruler of Numidia, by Jugurtha François Darlan, (1942), French Admiral, by a French monarchist, Ferdinand Bonnier de La Chapelle Maurice Audin, (1957), communist mathematician Mohamed Khemisti, (1963), foreign minister of Algeria, in Algiers by an unknown gunman Mustafa Bouyali, (1987), Islamic fundamentalist, in Algiers Mohamed Boudiaf, (1992), president of Algeria Youcef Sebti, (1993), Alger ...

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List of assassinated people, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Africa, List of assassinated people - Algeria, List of assassinated people - Burkina Faso, List of assassinated people - Burundi, List of assassinated people - Chad, List of assassinated people - Comoros, List of assassinated people - Congo Brazzaville, List of assassinated people - Congo Kinshasa, List of assassinated people - Côte d'Ivoire, List of assassinated people - Egypt, List of assassinated people - Equatorial Guinea, List of assassinated people - Ethiopia, List of assassinated people - The Gambia, List of assassinated people - Guinea, List of assassinated people - Kenya, List of assassinated people - Liberia, List of assassinated people - Madagascar, List of assassinated people - Mozambique, List of assassinated people - Niger, List of assassinated people - Nigeria, List of assassinated people - Rwanda, List of assassinated people - Somalia, List of assassinated people - South Africa, List of assassinated people - Sudan, List of assassinated people - Tanzania, List of assassinated people - Togo, List of assassinated people - Tunisia, List of assassinated people - Uganda, List of assassinated people - Zimbabwe, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in the Americas, List of assassinated people - Argentina, List of assassinated people - Bermuda, List of assassinated people - Bolivia, List of assassinated people - Brazil, List of assassinated people - Canada, List of assassinated people - Chile, List of assassinated people - Colombia, List of assassinated people - Cuba, List of assassinated people - Dominican Republic, List of assassinated people - Ecuador, List of assassinated people - El Salvador, List of assassinated people - Guatemala, List of assassinated people - Guyana, List of assassinated people - Haiti, List of assassinated people - Mexico, List of assassinated people - Nicaragua, List of assassinated people - Panama, List of assassinated people - Paraguay, List of assassinated people - Peru, List of assassinated people - United States, List of assassinated people - Uruguay, List of assassinated people - Venezuela, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Asia, List of assassinated people - Afghanistan, List of assassinated people - Bangladesh, List of assassinated people - Bhutan, List of assassinated people - Cambodia, List of assassinated people - China, List of assassinated people - India, List of assassinated people - Iran, List of assassinated people - Iraq, List of assassinated people - Israel and Palestinian Authority Territories, List of assassinated people - Japan, List of assassinated people - Jordan, List of assassinated people - Korea, List of assassinated people - Lebanon, List of assassinated people - Myanmar, List of assassinated people - Nepal, List of assassinated people - Pakistan, List of assassinated people - Philippines, List of assassinated people - Qatar, List of assassinated people - Saudi Arabia, List of assassinated people - Sri Lanka, List of assassinated people - Syria, List of assassinated people - Turkey, List of assassinated people - Vietnam, List of assassinated people - Yemen, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Australia and Oceania, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Europe, List of assassinated people - Austria, List of assassinated people - Belgium, List of assassinated people - Bulgaria, List of assassinated people - Cyprus, List of assassinated people - Czech Republic, List of assassinated people - Finland, List of assassinated people - France, List of assassinated people - Germany, List of assassinated people - Greece, List of assassinated people - Hungary, List of assassinated people - Ireland, List of assassinated people - Italy, List of assassinated people - Malta, List of assassinated people - The Netherlands, List of assassinated people - Poland, List of assassinated people - Portugal, List of assassinated people - Romania, List of assassinated people - Spain, List of assassinated people - Sweden, List of assassinated people - Switzerland, List of assassinated people - United Kingdom, List of assassinated people - Yugoslavia and successor states, List of assassinated people - Assassinations in the former Soviet Union, List of assassinated people - Deaths under suspicious circumstances, List of assassinated people - Related articles and lists

Read more here: » List of assassinated people: Encyclopedia II - List of assassinated people - Assassinations in Africa

Romans encountered worship of the deity Mithras as part of Zoroastrianism in the eastern provinces of the empire, particularly in Asia Minor (now modern Turkey) Mithraism is best documented in the form it had acquired in the later Roman Empire. It was an initiatory 'mystery religion,' passed from initiate to initiate, like the Eleusinian Mysteries. It was not based on a supernaturally revealed body of scripture, and hence very little written documentary evidence survives. Soldiers appeared to be the most plentiful followers of Mithraism, and women were apparently not allowed to join.

Mithraism, Mithraism - Principles of Mithraism, Mithraism - The mithraeum, Mithraism - Mithraic ranks, Mithraism - The iconography of Mithraism, Mithraism - History of Mithraism, Mithraism - Mithraism In Persia Iran, Mithraism - Mithraism in early Rome, Mithraism - Mithraism in the Roman Empire, Mithraism - The demise of Mithraism, Mithraism - Connections, Mithraism - Parallels to Christianity, Mithraism - Mithraic studies, Mithraism - Places to see

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Elagabalus and his entourage spent the winter of 218 in Bithynia at Nicomedia. It was at Nicomedia that Elagabalus' religious beliefs first manifested as a problem. The local Roman citizens were disturbed by his practices and Gannys was killed while trying to suppress the ensuing riots. To help Romans adjust to the idea of having an oriental priest as emperor, Julia Maesa had a painting of Elagabalus in priestly robes sent to Rome and hung over a statue of the goddess Victoria in the Senate House. This placed Senators in the awkward position of having to make offerings to Elagaba ...

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Elagabalus, Elagabalus - Family, Elagabalus - Rise to power, Elagabalus - Imperial power, Elagabalus - Religious controversy, Elagabalus - Sex/gender controversy, Elagabalus - Fall from power, Elagabalus - After death, Elagabalus - Biased historical sources, Elagabalus - Cultural influence, Elagabalus - Note

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Life in ancient Rome revolved around the city of Rome, located on seven hills. The city had a vast number of monumental structures like the Colosseum, the Forum of Trajan and the Pantheon. It had fountains with fresh drinking-water supplied by hundreds of miles of aqueducts, theaters, gymnasium (ancient Greece)s, bath complexes complete with libraries and shops, marketplaces, and functional sewers. Throughout the territory under the control of ancient Rome, residential architecture ranged from very modest houses to country villas, and in the ...

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Ancient Rome, Ancient Rome - History, Ancient Rome - Monarchy, Ancient Rome - Republic, Ancient Rome - Empire, Ancient Rome - Society, Ancient Rome - Government, Ancient Rome - Law, Ancient Rome - Economy, Ancient Rome - Class structure, Ancient Rome - Family, Ancient Rome - Education, Ancient Rome - Culture, Ancient Rome - Language, Ancient Rome - Art literature and music, Ancient Rome - Games and activities, Ancient Rome - Religion, Ancient Rome - Technology, Ancient Rome - Engineering and architecture, Ancient Rome - Military, Ancient Rome - Notes

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Ashkenazi Jews - From Roman Empire to Dark Ages. After the forced Jewish exile from Judea in 70 CE and the complete Roman takeover of Judea following the Bar Kochba rebellion of 133-135 CE, most Jewish populations could be found dispersed throughout the Mediterranean Basin, with the largest populations in the Levant, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Greece, Southern Italy, Southern Gaul (France), Spain, and North Africa. Full Roman citizenship was denied to Jews until 212 CE, when Emperor Caracalla granted all free peopl ...

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Ashkenazi Jews, Ashkenazi Jews - Origin of Ashkenazim, Ashkenazi Jews - From Roman Empire to Dark Ages, Ashkenazi Jews - Possible DNA Clues, Ashkenazi Jews - Ashkenazi Migrations throughout the High and Late Middle Ages, Ashkenazi Jews - Usage of the name, Ashkenazi Jews - Medieval references, Ashkenazi Jews - Customs laws and traditions, Ashkenazi Jews - Relationship to other Jews, Ashkenazi Jews - Population genetics, Ashkenazi Jews - Specific diseases, Ashkenazi Jews - IQ, Ashkenazi Jews - Natural History of Ashkenazi Intelligence, Ashkenazi Jews - Modern history, Ashkenazi Jews - Ashkenazi Jewry and the Holocaust, Ashkenazi Jews - Ashkenazi Chief Rabbis in the Yishuv and Israel

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The area of Wels has been settled since the Neolithic era and gained importance in Roman times because of its central location in the province of Noricum. Around the year 120, Wels received roman city rights under the name of Municipium Ovilava. Around 215, it was named Colonia Aurelia Antoniana Ovilabis by Emperor Caracalla. At that time, the city already had 18,000 inhabitants. However, Wels completely lost its import ...

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Wels, Wels - Geography, Wels - History, Wels - Historical population, Wels - Economy

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Vespasian took a force westwards subduing tribes and capturing oppida as he went, going as least as far as Exeter and probably reaching Bodmin. The Ninth Legion was sent north towards Lincoln and within four years of the invasion it is likely that an area south of a line from the Humber to the Severn Estuary was under Roman control. That this line is followed by the Roman road of the Fosse Way has led many historians to debate the route's role as a convenient frontier during the early occupation. It is more likely that the border between Roman and Iron Age ...

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Roman conquest of Britain, Roman conquest of Britain - Julius Caesar: 55 BC, Roman conquest of Britain - Julius Caesar: 54 BC, Roman conquest of Britain - Aborted invasions, Roman conquest of Britain - Aulus Plautius: AD 43, Roman conquest of Britain - The conquest continued, Roman conquest of Britain - Asclepiodotus : AD 296

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The major part of the Punic Wars, fought between the Punic Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on Iberian lands. Rome gained control of the Iberian Peninsula in 201 BC after the defeat of Carthage in the Second Punic War. By then the Romans had adopted the Carthaginian name, romanized first as Ispania. The term later received an H, much like what happened with Hibernia, and was pluralized as Hispanias< ...

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Hispania, Hispania - Origin of the Name, Hispania - Prehistory and Early History, Hispania - Roman Hispania, Hispania - The Hispaniae 'Spains', Hispania - Later History, Hispania - Visigoths and Arabs, Hispania - Sources and References, Hispania - Modern sources in Spanish and Portuguese, Hispania - Other Modern sources, Hispania - Classical sources

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The patrician class was considered the backbone of Roman society. Contemporary politicians and writers (Coriolanus, for example) in the Kingdom and early Republic thought of plebeians as rabble barely capable of sentient thought. Consequently, all important political and military positions were held by patricians. From the beginning, however, senators and knights were relegated to different spheres of action. Members of the senatorial class were the only Romans eligible to hold most public offices for the bulk of the early Republic, and ther ...

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Social class in ancient Rome, Social class in ancient Rome - Patricians, Social class in ancient Rome - Plebeians, Social class in ancient Rome - Freedmen, Social class in ancient Rome - Slaves, Social class in ancient Rome - Latins, Social class in ancient Rome - Foreigners, Social class in ancient Rome - Women in Roman society, Social class in ancient Rome - Notes, Social class in ancient Rome - External references

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Of these the most famous is Philostratus "the Athenian". Very little is known of his career. Even his name is doubtful. The Lives of the Sophists gives the praenomen Flavius, which, however, is found elsewhere only in Tzetzes. Eunapius and Synesius call him a Lemnian; Photius a Tyrian; his letters refer to him as an Athenian. It is probable that he was born in Lemnos, studied and taught at Athens, and then settled in Rome (where he would naturally be called atheniensis) as a member of the learned c ...

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Philostratus, Philostratus - Philostratus II, Philostratus - Philostratus III, Philostratus - Philostratus IV, Philostratus - Ambiguities in attribution

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Theories about the source of the word are:- Abracadabra - I create as I speak. A possible source is Aramaic: אברא כדברא avra kehdabra which means "I will create as I speak". Abracadabra - The curse and the pestilence. There is the view that Abracadabra derives from the Hebrew, ha-brachah, meaning "the blessing" (used in this sense as a euphemism for "the curse") and dabra, an Aramaic form of the Hebrew word dever, meaning "pestilence. ...

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Abracadabra, Abracadabra - Etymology, Abracadabra - I create as I speak, Abracadabra - The curse and the pestilence, Abracadabra - Father Son Holy Spirit, Abracadabra - Disappear like this word, Abracadabra - Abraxas, Abracadabra - Thelema, Abracadabra - Avada Kedavra in Harry Potter

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Nikolai was born in Kronstadt, into a family of a naval physician Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilev (1836—1920) and Anna Ivanovna L'vova (1854—1942). He studied at the gymnasium of Tsarskoe Selo, where the Symbolist poet Innokenty Annensky was his teacher. Later, Gumilev admitted that it was Annensky's influence that turned his mind to writing poetry. His first publication were verses I run from cities into forest (Russian: Я в лес бежал из городов) on September 8, 1902. In 1 ...

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Nikolay Gumilyov, Nikolay Gumilyov - Early life and poems, Nikolay Gumilyov - Guild of Poets, Nikolay Gumilyov - War experience, Nikolay Gumilyov - Later poems and death

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In 332 BC Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, conquered Egypt, with little resistance from the Persians. He was welcomed by the Egyptians as a deliverer. He visited Memphis, and went on pilgrimage to the oracle of Amun at the Oasis of Siwa. The oracle declared him to be the son of Amun. He conciliated the Egyptians by the respect which he showed for their religion, but he appointed Greeks to virtually all the senior posts in the country, and founded a new Greek city, Alexandria, to be the new capital. The wealth of Egypt could now be harnessed for Alexander's conquest of the Persian Empire. Early in ...

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History of Greek and Roman Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemaic Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy I, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy II, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy III, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - The decline of the Ptolemies, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - The later Ptolemies, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Roman Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Roman rule in Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Christian Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Byzantine Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Persian and Arab Conquests

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In spite of this, the town was achieving a more and more outstanding importance over the territory, being the seat, since the fifth century, of an important diocese. In the ninth century the first Cathedral was built on the ruins of the temple dedicated to the Goddess Ceres. The agricultural reconquest, begun in the tenth century, was supported by the ecclesiastic power, which allowed the laic lords to exploit the earth resources and to build some fortified settlements for their own peasants, and favo ...

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Anagni, Anagni - The City, Anagni - History, Anagni - Christian Anagni, Anagni - Anagni and the Roman Catholic Church, Anagni - The Cathedral, Anagni - Language and Dialect, Anagni - Coat of arms, Anagni - Bordering communes, Anagni - Reference

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Born in Caesarea (modern Cherchell) in the Roman province of Mauretania to a middle class equestrian family, Macrinus received an education which allowed him to ascend to the Roman political class. Over the years he earned a reputation as a skilled lawyer. Under the emperor Lucius Septimius Severus he became an important bureaucrat. Severus' successor Caracalla appointed him prefect of the Praetorian guard, the highest office which an equestrian could hold. The prefect was second in command to the emperor and responsible for the Praetorian c ...

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Macrinus, Macrinus - Background and Career, Macrinus - Reign April 217 - June 218, Macrinus - Downfall

Read more here: » Macrinus: Encyclopedia II - Macrinus - Background and Career

The Julio-Claudian dynasty was composed of the Iulii Caesares and the Claudii Nerones, two distinguished patrician families in the waning days of the old Republic. The Iulii Caesares rose to absolute power in the Roman state in the person of the paterfamilias, Julius Caesar himself; upon his murder in 44 BC, the majority of his estate passed to his posthumously adopted son, Octavian, the grandson of Caesar's sister Julia. Octavian emerged from a series of civil wars as the sole master of the Roman world, and in January 27 BC was appoi ...

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Roman Emperor Principate, Roman Emperor Principate - Julio-Claudian Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Julio-Claudian Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - Year of the Four Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Flavian Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - Nervan-Antonine Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Nervan-Antonine Emperors, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - From Domitian to Severus, Roman Emperor Principate - Severan Dynasty, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships, Roman Emperor Principate - Macrinus and Diadumenianus, Roman Emperor Principate - Severan Dynasty Restored, Roman Emperor Principate - Dynastic Relationships

Read more here: » Roman Emperor Principate: Encyclopedia II - Roman Emperor Principate - Julio-Claudian Dynasty

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Alexandria, Alexandria - History, Alexandria - Founding, Alexandria - Roman jurisdiction, Alexandria - After Amr, Alexandria - The 1800s, Alexandria - Bombardment of 1882, Alexandria - Under British control, Alexandria - Geography, Alexandria - Layout of the ancient city, Alexandria - The modern city, Alexandria - Ancient remains, Alexandria - Antiquities

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Ankara - General attractions. Anıtkabir: Located on an imposing hill in the Anittepe quarter of the city stands the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic of Turkey. Completed in 1953, it is an impressive fusion of ancient and modern architecture. An adjacent museum houses a superior wax statue of Atatürk, his writings, letters and personal items, as well as an exhibition of photographs recording important moments in his life and in the establishment of the Republic (Anitkabir is open everyday, and the adja ...

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Ankara, Ankara - History, Ankara - Attractions, Ankara - General attractions, Ankara - Archeological sites, Ankara - Modern monuments, Ankara - Mosques, Ankara - Parks, Ankara - Shopping, Ankara - Universities, Ankara - Transportation, Ankara - Sports

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Ashkenazi Jews - From Roman Empire to Dark Ages. After the forced Jewish exile from Judea in 70 CE and the complete Roman takeover of Judea following the Bar Kochba rebellion of 133-135 CE, most Jewish populations could be found dispersed throughout the Mediterranean Basin, with the largest populations in the Levant, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Greece, Southern Italy, Southern Gaul (France), Spain, and North Africa. Full Roman citizenship was denied to Jews until 212 CE, when Emperor Caracalla granted all free peopl ...

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Ashkenazi Jews, Ashkenazi Jews - Origin of Ashkenazim, Ashkenazi Jews - From Roman Empire to Dark Ages, Ashkenazi Jews - DNA clues, Ashkenazi Jews - Ashkenazi migrations throughout the High and Late Middle Ages, Ashkenazi Jews - Usage of the name, Ashkenazi Jews - Medieval references, Ashkenazi Jews - Customs laws and traditions, Ashkenazi Jews - Relationship to other Jews, Ashkenazi Jews - Population genetics, Ashkenazi Jews - Specific diseases, Ashkenazi Jews - IQ and scientific achievement, Ashkenazi Jews - Natural History of Ashkenazi Intelligence, Ashkenazi Jews - Modern history, Ashkenazi Jews - Ashkenazi Jewry and the Holocaust, Ashkenazi Jews - Ashkenazi Chief Rabbis in the Yishuv and Israel

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The reign of Justinian I, which began in 527, saw a period of extensive imperial conquests of former Roman territories (indicated in green on the map below). The 6th century also saw the beginning of a long series of conflicts with the Byzantine Empire's traditional early enemies, such as the Sassanid Persians, Slavs and Bulgars. Theological crises, such as the question of Monophysitism, also dominated the empire. Justinian I had perhaps already exerted effective control during the reign of his predecessor, Justin I (518–527). Justi ...

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Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness, Byzantine Empire - Origin, Byzantine Empire - Early history, Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I, Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival, Byzantine Empire - Golden era, Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the crusaders, Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline, Byzantine Empire - Decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance, Byzantine Empire - Economy, Byzantine Empire - Science, Byzantine Empire - Religion, Byzantine Empire - Bibliography

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Originally it was part of a group of hills that included Collis Latiaris, Mucialis (or Sanqualis), Salutaris. These are now lost due to buildings built in the 16th century and following. According to Roman legend, The Quirinal Hill was the site of a small village of the Sabines, and king Titus Tatius would have lived there after the peace between Romans and Sabines. These Sabines had erected altars in the honour of their god Qu ...

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Quirinal Hill, Quirinal Hill - History, Quirinal Hill - Palazzo del Quirinale, Quirinal Hill - Other monuments

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Lyon was founded as a Roman colony in 43 BC by Munatius Plancus, a lieutenant of Caesar, on the site of a Gaulish hill-fort settlement called Lug[o]dunon—from the Celtic sun god Lugus ('Light', cognate to Old Irish Lugh, Modern Irish Lú) and dúnon (hill-fort). The name was latinised as Lugdunum; Lug was equated by the Romans to Mercurius. Lug's 'totem' was a cock (rooster), hence the Modern French association with 'le coq'. The three parts of Gaul mentioned by Caesar met at Lyon. Agrippa recognized that Lugdun ...

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Lyon, Lyon - Administration, Lyon - History, Lyon - Geography, Lyon - Culture, Lyon - Religion, Lyon - Colleges and universities, Lyon - Transportation, Lyon - Vélo'v, Lyon - Buildings and structures, Lyon - Miscellaneous, Lyon - Born in Lyon, Lyon - Twinning, Lyon - Musical reference

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