CANDU - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Uranium-235: Encyclopedia - Uranium-235
Uranium-235 is an isotope of uranium that differs from the element's other common isotope, uranium-238, by its ability to cause a rapidly...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enriched Uranium: Encyclopedia - Enriched Uranium
Enriched uranium is uranium whose uranium-235 content has been increased through the process of isotope separation. Natural uranium consi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel Cycle - Front End
1 Uranium ore - the principal raw material of nuclear fuel 2 Yellowcake - the form in which uranium is transported to an enrichement plan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Orders Of Magnitude Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Orders Of Magnitude Power - Megawatt
(106 watt) 2.5 MW - BioMed: Peak power output of a Blue Whale 3 MW - Tech: Mechanical power output of a diesel locomotive 10 MW - Tech: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited: Encyclopedia Ii - Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited - History
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - 1940s. AECL traces its heritage to the Second World War when a joint Canadian-British nuclear researc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel - Common Chemical Forms Of Nuclear Fuel
Nuclear fuel - UOX. Nuclear fuel - MOX. Mixed oxide, or MOX fuel, is a blend of plutonium and natural or depleted uranium which behav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Risks
Opponents of nuclear power, such as Greenpeace, argue against its use due to issues like the long term problems of storing radioactive wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mox Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Mox Fuel - Overview
In every nuclear reactor core there is both fission of isotopes such as uranium-235, and the formation of new, heavier isotopes due to ne...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Reactor Types
Nuclear power - Current Technology. There are two types of nuclear power sources in current use: The nuclear fission reactor produces ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Reactor Physics: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Reactor Physics - Starter Sources
The mere fact that an assembly is supercritical does not guarantee that it contains any free neutrons at all. At least one neutron is req...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plutonium: Encyclopedia Ii - Plutonium - Occurrence
While almost all plutonium is manufactured synthetically, extremely tiny trace amounts are found naturally in uranium ores. These come ab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plutonium: Encyclopedia Ii - Plutonium - Precautions
All isotopes and compounds of plutonium are toxic and radioactive. While plutonium is sometimes described in media reports as "the most t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - United States Of America
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Beaver Valley, Pennsylvania Calvert Cliffs, Maryland Connecticut Yankee, Connectic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enriched Uranium: Encyclopedia Ii - Enriched Uranium - Methods
Isotope separation is a difficult and energy intensive activity. Enriching uranium is difficult because the two isotopes are very similar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canada And Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Canada And Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Nuclear Weapons
Canada has long been closely linked with the United States' nuclear weapons program. The Manhattan Project was the product of a secret ag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Energy Policy: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Energy Policy - International Use Of Nuclear Energy
(see also energy development, future energy development and renewable energy development) Nuclear energy use has been growing steadily si...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Reactor - Method Of Operation
Essentially all existing nuclear reactors are critical fission reactors that produce heat and neutrons through a nuclear fission chain re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gadolinium: Encyclopedia Ii - Gadolinium - Notable Characteristics
Gadolinium is a silvery white, malleable and ductile rare earth metal with a metallic luster. It crystallizes in hexagonal, close-packed ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fast Breeder Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Fast Breeder Reactor - Fbr Generating Plants
FBRs have been built and operated in the USA, the UK, France, the former USSR, India and Japan. As of 2004, a prototype FBR was under con...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Void Coefficient: Encyclopedia Ii - Void Coefficient - Explanation
Nuclear fission reactors run on nuclear chain reactions, in which each nucleus that undergoes fission releases heat and neutrons. These n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fast Breeder: Encyclopedia Ii - Fast Breeder - Fbr Generating Plants
FBRs have been built and operated in the USA, the UK, France, the former USSR, India and Japan. One of the plants in the USSR was also pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constanţa County: Encyclopedia Ii - Constanţa County - Demographics
In 2002, it had a population of 715,151 and the population density was 101/km². The degree of urbanization is much higher (about 75%) th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pressurized Water Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Pressurized Water Reactor - Nuclear Reactor Design
Pressurized water reactor - Coolant. Neutrons striking nuclear fuel (early in the cycle, mainly U-235) in fuel rods lead to fissioning ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power Plant: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power Plant - Types Of Nuclear Power Plants
Nuclear power plants are classified according to the type of reactor used. However some installations have several independent units, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mox Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Mox Fuel - Overview
In every nuclear reactor core there is both fission of isotopes such as uranium-235, and the formation of new, heavier isotopes due to ne...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Reactor - History
In 1972, French physicist Francis Perrin declared that nature had beaten humans to the punch by creating the world’s first nuclear reac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - North Korea
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Yongbyon Yongbyon 2 - 50 MWe Magnox reactor (construction suspended 1994) Taecho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Norway
List of nuclear reactors - Research reactors. Kjeller reactors NORA (activated 1961, shut down 1967) JEEP I (activated 1951, shut dow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Romania
List of nuclear reactors - Power stations. Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant Cernavodă-1 PHWR CANDU reactor 700 MW Cernavodă-2 PHWR CA...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Netherlands
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Borssele - 452 MWe PWR Dodewaard - 55 MWe BWR (shut down 1997) List of nuclear re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Russia
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Balakovo Beloyarsk / Zarechny Bilibino Kalinin / Udomlya Kola / Polyarnye Zori Kurs...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Reactor - The Future Of The Industry
As of 2006, Watts Bar 1, which came on-line in 1997, was the last U.S. commercial nuclear reactor to go on-line. This is often quoted as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Japan
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Fukushima Daiichi (6 BWR reactors) Fukushima Daini (4 BWR reactors) Genkai (4 PWR r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - France
total 59 operating reactors Projected EDF plans to build the first EPR reactor at Flamanville in France. No longer operating Bugey -...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Canada
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors 18. Bruce Nuclear Generating Station (Tiverton, Ontario) Pickering Nuclear Generatin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Italy
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Latina - Magnox, 1 unit of 160 MWe, 1963-1987, shut down following Italian referend...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Kazakhstan
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Aktau (Kazakhstan State Corporation for Atomic Power and Industry) BN-350 135 MWe ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Iran
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Bushehr Bushehr-1 435MWe Bushehr-2 435MWe List of nuclear reactors - Research ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - India
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors [6]. Kaiga Atomic Power Station - 2 PHWR, 2 PHWR building Kakrapar Atomic Power Stat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Ukraine
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Chernobyl Chernobyl-1 RBMK-1000 LWGR (shut down 1996) Chernobyl-2 RBMK-1000 LWGR (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power Plant: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power Plant - Accident Indemnification
The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage puts in place an international framework for nuclear liability [3]. However s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power Plant: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power Plant - Advantages And Disadvantages
Advantages of NPPs are: Essentially no greenhouse gas emissions Does not produce air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Energy Policy: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Energy Policy - Discussion Of Nuclear Energy
(see also: Nuclear power and Nuclear power phase-out#Pros and cons of the phase-out) Nuclear energy policy - Arguments against nuclear e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Energy Policy: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Energy Policy - Nuclear Power Phase-out
A Nuclear power phase-out was introduced in Sweden (1980), in Italy (1987), in Belgium (1999), and in Germany (2000) and has been discuss...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plutonium: Encyclopedia Ii - Plutonium - Applications
The isotope 239Pu is a key fissile component in modern nuclear weapons, due to its ease of fissioning and availability. The critical mass...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plutonium: Encyclopedia Ii - Plutonium - Compounds
Plutonium reacts readily with oxygen, forming PuO and PuO2, as well as intermediate oxides. It reacts with the halides, giving rise to co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pressurized Water Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Pressurized Water Reactor - Advantages
Water in a PWR reactor core reaches about 325°C (617°F), only remaining liquid under about 150 times atmospheric pressure to prevent bu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pressurized Water Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Pressurized Water Reactor - Disadvantages
One disadvantage to fission reactors (both PWR and BWR) is that radioactive decay continues to generate significant heat even after the f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pressurized Water Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Pressurized Water Reactor - Advantages
Water in a PWR reactor core reaches about 325°C (617°F), only remaining liquid under about 150 times atmospheric pressure to prevent bu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pressurized Water Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Pressurized Water Reactor - Description
In a PWR, the primary coolant loop is pressurised so the water does not achieve bulk-boiling, and heat exchangers called steam generators...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Economy
Opponents of nuclear power claim that any of the environmental benefits are outweighed by safety compromises and by the costs related to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Life Cycle
Main article: Nuclear fuel cycle A Nuclear Reactor is only a small part of the life-cycle for nuclear power. The process starts with m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Switzerland
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Beznau - 2 PWRs Goesgen - 1 PWR Leibstadt - 1 BWR Muehleberg - 1 BWR List of nucl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Sweden
List of nuclear reactors - Power Station Reactors. Barsebäck Barsebäck 1 (1975 - 1999, shut down) Barsebäck 2 (1977 - 2005, shut d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - South Korea
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Kori - 4 PWR reactors Ulchin - 4 PWR reactors Wolseong - 4 PHWR reactors Yonggwang ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - South Africa
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Koeberg (near Cape Town) Koeberg-1 920MWe Koeberg-2 920MWe List of nuclear rea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Taiwan
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Chin Shan - 2 BWR reactors Kuosheng - 2 BWR reactors Lungmen (under construction) M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fast Breeder Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Fast Breeder Reactor - Associated Reactor Types
One design of fast neutron reactor, specifically designed to address the waste disposal and plutonium issues, was the Integral Fast React...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Reactor Types
Nuclear power - Current Technology. There are two types of nuclear power sources in current use: The nuclear fission reactor produces ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Current And Planned Use
In 2005, there were 441 commercial nuclear generating units throughout the world, with a total capacity of about 368 gigawatts.[5] 111 re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - History
Nuclear power - Origins. The first successful experiment with nuclear fission was conducted in 1938 in Berlin by the German physicists ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - United Kingdom
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Berkeley, Gloucestershire Bradwell, Essex (Generation ceased in 2002, Defuelled by ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Nuclear Reactors: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Nuclear Reactors - Spain
List of nuclear reactors - Power station reactors. Almaraz Almaraz-1 - 1032 MWe Almaraz-2 - 1027 MWe Ascó Ascó-1 - 930 MWe Ascó...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fast Breeder: Encyclopedia Ii - Fast Breeder - Proliferation
It is generally agreed that—if designed incorrectly—the FBR poses a greater risk of proliferation of nuclear weapons than light water...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel - Less Common Nuclear Fuel Forms
Various other nuclear fuel forms find use in specific applications, but lack the widespread use of those found in BWRs, PWRs, and CANDU p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel - Common Physical Forms Of Nuclear Fuel
For use as nuclear fuel, enriched UF6 is converted into uranium dioxide (UO2) powder that is then processed into pellet form. The pellets...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel - Production Of Common Nuclear Fuels
1 Uranium ore - the principal raw material of nuclear fuel 2 Yellowcake - the form in which uranium is transported to an enrichment plant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mox Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Mox Fuel - Fabrication
The first step is separating the plutonium from the remaining uranium (about 96% of the spent fuel) and the fission products with other w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel - Rarely Used Nuclear Fuel
These fuels consist of nuclear fuels that where used at one time for proof of principle studies, or are occasionally used for space appli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel - Theoretically Possible Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel - Fusion fuels. Most fusion fuels fit in here. They include tritium (3H) and deuterium (2H) as well as helium three (3He)....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Current And Planned Use
In 2005, there were 441 commercial nuclear generating units throughout the world, with a total capacity of about 368 gigawatts.[6] 111 re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - History
Nuclear power - Origins. The first successful experiment with nuclear fission was conducted in 1938 in Berlin by the German physicists ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel Cycle - Back End
Nuclear fuel cycle - Interim Storage. After its operating cycle, the reactor is shut down for refueling. The fuel discharged at that ti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fuel Cycle - Service Period
Nuclear fuel cycle - Transport of Radioactive Materials. Transport is an integral part of the nuclear fuel cycle. There are nuclear pow...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mox Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Mox Fuel - Current Applications
Reprocessing of commercial nuclear fuel to make MOX is done in England and France, and to a lesser extent in Russia, India and Japan. Chi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gadolinium: Encyclopedia Ii - Gadolinium - Isotopes
Naturally occurring gadolinium is composed of 5 stable isotopes, 154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd and 158Gd, and 2 radioisotopes, 152Gd and 160...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Reactor - The Future Of The Industry
Some experts predict that electricity shortages, fossil fuel price increases and concern over Greenhouse gas emissions will renew the dem...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Reactor - History
Enrico Fermi and Leó Szilárd, while both were at the University of Chicago, were the first to build a nuclear pile and demonstrate a co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fast Breeder: Encyclopedia Ii - Fast Breeder - Associated Reactor Types
One design of fast neutron reactor, specifically designed to address the waste disposal and plutonium issues, was the Integral Fast React...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fast Breeder: Encyclopedia Ii - Fast Breeder - Proliferation
It is generally agreed that—if designed incorrectly—the FBR poses a greater risk of proliferation of nuclear weapons than the PWR. Un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Reactor - Types Of Reactors
A number of reactor technologies have been developed. Fission reactors can be divided roughly into two classes, depending on the energy o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Reactor - Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Main article: nuclear fuel cycle Thermal reactors generally depend on refined and enriched uranium. Some nuclear reactors can operate wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gadolinium: Encyclopedia Ii - Gadolinium - History
In 1880, Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of didymium and gadol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gadolinium: Encyclopedia Ii - Gadolinium - Applications
Gadolinium is used for making gadolinium yttrium garnets, which have microwave applications, and gadolinium compounds are used for making...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Reactor: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Reactor - Natural Nuclear Reactors
A natural nuclear fission reactor can occur under certain circumstances that mimic the conditions in a constructed reactor. The only know...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Life Cycle
A Nuclear Reactor is only a small part of the life-cycle for nuclear power. The process starts with mining. Generally, uranium mines are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Economy
Opponents of nuclear power claim that any of the environmental benefits are outweighed by safety compromises and by the costs related to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fast Breeder: Encyclopedia Ii - Fast Breeder - Technical
FBRs usually use a mixed oxide fuel core of up to 20% plutonium dioxide (PuO2) and at least 80% uranium dioxide (UO2). The plutonium used...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enriched Uranium: Encyclopedia Ii - Enriched Uranium - Downblending
The opposite of enriching is downblending; Surplus HEU can be downblended to LEU to make it suitable for use in commercial nuclear fuel. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enriched Uranium: Encyclopedia Ii - Enriched Uranium - The Swu Separative Work Unit
Separative Work Unit (SWU) is a complex unit which is a function of the amount of uranium processed and the degree to which it is enriche...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Enriched Uranium: Encyclopedia Ii - Enriched Uranium - Grades
Enriched uranium - Highly enriched uranium HEU. Highly enriched uranium (HEU) has a greater than 20% concentration of 235U. The fissil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canada And Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Canada And Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Chemical Weapons
During both the First World War and Second World War, Canada was an important producer and developer of chemical weapons for the Allied w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Canada And Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Canada And Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Disarmament
Canada, with its strong belief in multilateralism, has long been a strong advocate of arms limitation treaties. Canada is a member of eve...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constanţa County: Encyclopedia Ii - Constanţa County - Tourism
The Blak Sea littoral is the preferred destination for the summer holidays in Romania. The resorts are: Năvodari. Mamaia. Eforie (North...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constanţa County: Encyclopedia Ii - Constanţa County - Economy
The predominant industries in the county are: Chemical and petrochemical industry. Food and beverages industry. Textile industry. Ship b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constanţa County: Encyclopedia Ii - Constanţa County - Geography
This county has a total area of 7,071 km². Much of the territory of Constanţa county comprises of a low-lying plateau with a continenta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plutonium: Encyclopedia Ii - Plutonium - Isotopes
Twenty-one plutonium radioisotopes have been characterized. The most stable are Pu-244, with a half-life of 80.8 million years, Pu-242, w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Plutonium: Encyclopedia Ii - Plutonium - Allotropes
Even at ambient pressure, plutonium occurs in a variety of allotropes. These allotropes differ widely in crystal structure and density; t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power Plant: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power Plant - Accident Indemnification
The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage puts in place an international framework for nuclear liability [2]. However s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Waste Heat In Water Systems
Nuclear reactors require water to keep the reactor cool. The process of extracting energy from a heat source, called the Rankine cycle, r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Power: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Power - Risks
Opponents of nuclear power such as Greenpeace, argue against its use due to issues like the long term problems of storing radioactive was...   » Read the article