Lebanon This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Lebanon Constitution President: Emile Lahoud Prime Minister: Fouad Siniora Parliament Speaker of the Parliament Political parties Elections edit Camille Nimr Chamoun was born at Deir el-Qamar on 3 April 1900, into a prominent Maronite Christian family. He was educated in France and became a lawyer. He was first elected ...

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Camille Chamoun, Camille Chamoun - Early years, Camille Chamoun - Revolt of 1958, Camille Chamoun - Founding the NLP, Camille Chamoun - During the Civil War, Camille Chamoun - Death and legacy, Camille Chamoun - Timeline

Read more here: » Camille Chamoun: Encyclopedia II - Camille Chamoun - Early years

Read more here: » Amine Gemayel: Encyclopedia - Amine Gemayel

Old Arabic names are based on a very sophisticated naming system: most Arabs do not simply have first/middle/last names, but a full chain of names. This system is in use throughout Arab world. Due to the importance of the Arabic language in Islam, a large majority of the world's Muslims use Arabic first names (ism), but it is not common outside the Arab world to employ the full naming conventions described below. Arabic name - Structure of the Arab name. Arabic name - Ism. < ...

Including:

Arabic name - Structure of the Arab name
Arabic name - Ism Arabic name - Kunya Arabic name - Nasab Arabic name - Laqab Arabic name - Nisba
Arabic name - Example Arabic name - Westernization of Arab naming practices Arabic name - Modern and regional variations

Read more here: » Arabic name: Encyclopedia - Arabic name

The Damour massacre took place on 20 January 1976 during the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War. It was perpetrated by mainly Palestinian militia forces against Christian inhabitants of Damour. Damour massacre - Cycle of Violence. The massacre followed that by the Phalangists of the Palestinian inhabitants of Karantina on 18 January 1976, in which an estimated one thousand [1] civilians were killed. Two days la ...

Including:

Damour massacre - Cycle of Violence Damour massacre - The Perpetrators Damour massacre - Notes

Read more here: » Damour massacre: Encyclopedia - Damour massacre

Barry fitted out at the Boston Naval Shipyard through November, testing her new electronics, ASW gear and gunnery systems into December. After a brief underway period in Narragansett Bay, she departed 3 January 1957 for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to continue her shakedown. Her training exercises were interspersed with port visits to Kingston, Jamaica; Cuelebra, Puerto Rico, and Santa Marta, Colombia, before she departed for Colon, Panama. The destroyer transited the Canal Zone on 26 February and anchored at Salinas, Ecuador, two days later ...

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USS Barry DD-933, USS Barry DD-933 - 1956 – 1959, USS Barry DD-933 - 1960 – 1962, USS Barry DD-933 - Cuban Missile Crisis, USS Barry DD-933 - 1962 – 1965, USS Barry DD-933 - Vietnam War, USS Barry DD-933 - 1966 – 1970, USS Barry DD-933 - 1970 – 1976, USS Barry DD-933 - 1977 – 1979, USS Barry DD-933 - 1980 – 1982, USS Barry DD-933 - Present

Read more here: » USS Barry DD-933: Encyclopedia II - USS Barry DD-933 - 1956 – 1959

The massacre followed that by the Phalangists of the Palestinian inhabitants of Karantina on 18 January 1976, in which an estimated one thousand [1] civilians were killed. Two days later, Palestinian militias retaliated in Damour, a Lebanese Christian town 12 miles south of Beirut, close to the home of Camille Chamoun. Most of the inhabitants managed to flee during the assault, but a number stayed behind as the Palestinian forces seized cont ...

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Damour massacre, Damour massacre - Cycle of Violence, Damour massacre - The Perpetrators, Damour massacre - Notes

Read more here: » Damour massacre: Encyclopedia II - Damour massacre - Cycle of Violence

Americans had previously been involved in Lebanese affairs, during the 1958 Lebanon crisis. In that intervention, 14,000 Americans were sent to Lebanon by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to quell the opposition to President Camille Chamoun and neighboring countries. The operation was considered a success. In 1975, the Lebanese Civil War began. Further instability was caused in 1982 by the invasion of Lebanon by Israel, which claimed to be targeting the Palestinian Liberation Organization based there. As the capital of Beirut was besieg ...

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Multinational Force in Lebanon, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Background, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Initial landing, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Increased involvement, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Barracks bombing, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Later confrontations and withdrawal, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Casualties

Read more here: » Multinational Force in Lebanon: Encyclopedia II - Multinational Force in Lebanon - Background

Moawad made his first foray into politics in 1951, when he unsuccessfully contested a Zgharta seat in the National Assembly. Although he was defeated, the election forged a crucial alliance between him and the powerful Frangieh clan, which dominated local politics in Zgharta. He was subsequently elected to the National Assembly in 1957, and reelected in 1960, 1964, 1968, and 1972 - the last parliamentary election held before his election to the presidency (the civil war that raged from 1975 to 1990 prevente ...

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René Moawad, René Moawad - Education and early career, René Moawad - Parliamentary career, René Moawad - Election and assassination, René Moawad - Personal life and legacy

Read more here: » René Moawad: Encyclopedia II - René Moawad - Parliamentary career

List of Lebanese people - Lebanese politicians. See also: Politics of Lebanon Michel Aoun - military Prime Minister, general Camille Chamoun - President (1952-8), founder of National Liberal Party Dany Chamoun - leader of National Liberal Party Fouad Chehab - President (1958-64), general Emile Edde - President (1936-41,1943), founder of National Bloc Raymond Eddé - statesman Suleiman Frangieh - President (1970-6) Samir Geag ...

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List of Lebanese people, List of Lebanese people - Historical figures, List of Lebanese people - Lebanese politicians, List of Lebanese people - Foreign politicians, List of Lebanese people - Activists, List of Lebanese people - Military, List of Lebanese people - Cultural figures, List of Lebanese people - Film TV and radio, List of Lebanese people - Musicians, List of Lebanese people - Writers & Journalists, List of Lebanese people - Artists, List of Lebanese people - Practical figures, List of Lebanese people - Scientists, List of Lebanese people - Entrepreneurs, List of Lebanese people - Other

Read more here: » List of Lebanese people: Encyclopedia II - List of Lebanese people - Historical figures

Philby is one of the lesser known but most influential persons in the modern history of the Middle East. In late 1915 Percy Cox, chief political officer of the small British Mesopotamian expeditionary force, recruited Philby as head of the finance branch of the British administration in Baghdad, a job which included fixing compensation for property and business owners. Their mission was twofold: (1) organize the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Turks; (2) protect the oilfields near Basra and the Shatt al Arab, which was the only source of oil ...

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St. John Philby, St. John Philby - Arab Revolt, St. John Philby - Ibn Saud adviser, St. John Philby - Philby Plan, St. John Philby - Suez Crisis, St. John Philby - Sources

Read more here: » St. John Philby: Encyclopedia II - St. John Philby - Arab Revolt

In opposition to an alliance of Palestinian and leftist Muslim militias, the Lebanese Forces (LF) were organized in 1977 under the leadership of Bachir Gemayel, as the military counterpart to the Lebanese Front, a political coalition. The LF was initially a loose coalition of disparate Christian militias, including the Ahrar (linked to former President Camille Chamoun's National Liberal Party) and the militant Guardians of the Cedars, led by Etienne Saqr, but was dominated by Gemayel's Phalange, the military wing of the Kataeb Party of Gemay ...

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Lebanese Forces, Lebanese Forces - Early history 1977 - 1982, Lebanese Forces - The Amine Gemayel years 1982 - 1988, Lebanese Forces - The Aoun years 1988 - 1990, Lebanese Forces - The Second Republic 1990 - 2005

Read more here: » Lebanese Forces: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Forces - Early history 1977 - 1982

Kamal Jumblatt was born in 1917 in Mukhtara, in the Chouf area of Lebanon, in prestigeous Jumblatt family, who were traditional leaders of the Lebanese Druze community. His father, the powerful Druze chieftain Fouad Joumblatt, director of the Chouf District, was assassinated on August 6, 1931. After his father’s death, Kamal Jumblatt’s mother Nazira played a significant political role for over a quarter of a century. In 1926, the young Kamal Jumblatt joined the Lazarus Fathers Institute in Aintoura, where he completed his elementa ...

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Kamal Jumblatt, Kamal Jumblatt - Family background & education, Kamal Jumblatt - Early political career, Kamal Jumblatt - The 1958 revolt, Kamal Jumblatt - Uniting the opposition, Kamal Jumblatt - Build-up to Civil War, Kamal Jumblatt - The Lebanese Civil War, Kamal Jumblatt - Death and legacy, Kamal Jumblatt - Literary and philosophical production

Read more here: » Kamal Jumblatt: Encyclopedia II - Kamal Jumblatt - Family background & education

Arabic name - Ism. The main name of an Arab person is the ism, his or her personal name. This could be for example Karim or Mahmud. Most Arabic names are originally Arabic words with a meaning, usually signalling the good character of the person. Indeed, karīm means dignified, mahmūd means praiseworthy, and both words are employed as adjectives and nouns in regular language. Arab newspapers sometimes try to avoid confusion by placing names in brackets or between quotation marks. Generally, ...

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Arabic name, Arabic name - Structure of the Arab name, Arabic name - Ism, Arabic name - Kunya, Arabic name - Nasab, Arabic name - Laqab, Arabic name - Nisba, Arabic name - Example, Arabic name - Westernization of Arab naming practices, Arabic name - Modern and regional variations

Read more here: » Arabic name: Encyclopedia II - Arabic name - Structure of the Arab name

Since the end of the war, the Lebanese have conducted several elections, most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded, and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have extended central government authority over about two-thirds of the country. Only the radical Shi'a party Hizballah retains its weapons. Hizballah is dedicated to the creation of Iranian-style Islamic republic in Lebanon, and the removal of all non-Islamic influences from the area. Postwar social and political instability, fueled by economic uncertainty and the collapse ...

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History of Lebanon, History of Lebanon - Ancient history of Lebanon, History of Lebanon - 19th Century, History of Lebanon - The rise and fall of Emir Bashir II, History of Lebanon - Sectarian conflict: European Powers begin to intervene, History of Lebanon - Rising prosperity and peace, History of Lebanon - League of Nations Mandate, History of Lebanon - Independence, History of Lebanon - Regional Conflict, History of Lebanon - The Lebanese Civil War: 1975–1990, History of Lebanon - Initial outbreak 1975–76 and Syrian intervention, History of Lebanon - PLO and Israeli conflict Israeli intervention 1976–82, History of Lebanon - Israeli invasion and international intervention: 1982–84, History of Lebanon - Worsening conflict and political crisis: 1985–89, History of Lebanon - End of the Civil War: 1989–91, History of Lebanon - Postwar reconstruction: 1992 to Present, History of Lebanon - Continued Syrian military presence, History of Lebanon - 2004 Amendments to the Constitution, History of Lebanon - Assassination of Hariri 2005, History of Lebanon - Withdrawal of Syrian troops, History of Lebanon - Amnesty for Samir Geagea, History of Lebanon - Hariri Assassination Investigations, History of Lebanon - Border Tension

Read more here: » History of Lebanon: Encyclopedia II - History of Lebanon - Postwar reconstruction: 1992 to Present

Arabic name - Ism. The main name of an Arab person is the ism, his or her personal name. This could be for example Karim or Mahmud. Most Arabic names are originally Arabic words with a meaning, usually signalling the good character of the person. Indeed, karīm means "generous", maħmūd means "praiseworthy", and both words are employed as adjectives and nouns in regular language. Arab newspapers sometimes try to avoid confusion by placing names in brackets or between quotation marks. General ...

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Arabic name, Arabic name - Structure of the Arab name, Arabic name - Ism, Arabic name - Kunya, Arabic name - Nasab, Arabic name - Laqab, Arabic name - Nisba, Arabic name - Example, Arabic name - Westernization of Arab naming practices, Arabic name - Mistakes made by Europeans and other non-Arabs, Arabic name - Modern and regional variations

Read more here: » Arabic name: Encyclopedia II - Arabic name - Structure of the Arab name

Main article: 1983 Beirut barracks bombing The MNF was given a devastating blow on October 23, when truck bombs driven by suicide bombers hit the U.S. Marine and French Paratrooper barracks in Beirut, killing 241 American and 58 French soldiers. With this incident, the MNF suffered its greatest number of casualties and drew calls to withdraw from Lebanon. Still, President Reagan said the Marines would stay. Responsibility for the two barracks blasts has not been defini ...

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Multinational Force in Lebanon, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Background, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Initial landing, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Increased involvement, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Barracks bombing, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Later confrontations and withdrawal, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Casualties

Read more here: » Multinational Force in Lebanon: Encyclopedia II - Multinational Force in Lebanon - Barracks bombing

French warplanes struck the Beqaa Valley in November, hitting Iranian Revolutionary Guard positions. They claimed this was in response to the barracks bombing. At this time, tensions rose between Syria and the United States as anti-aircraft batteries were fired at U.S. planes as they patrolled over Lebanon. This culminated in the first direct U.S. military involvement in Lebanon on December 4. After being fired upon by Syrian missiles, U.S. aircraft targeted Syrian missile batteries in the mountains east of Beirut. In the process, Syrian sur ...

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Multinational Force in Lebanon, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Background, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Initial landing, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Increased involvement, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Barracks bombing, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Later confrontations and withdrawal, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Casualties

Read more here: » Multinational Force in Lebanon: Encyclopedia II - Multinational Force in Lebanon - Later confrontations and withdrawal

Despite the withdrawal of the PLO from Beirut, the MNF's mission was far from over. On September 14, Lebanese President Bachir Gemayel was assassinated. Then, from September 16-18, hundreds of Palestinians were murdered by Lebanese Christians in the Sabra and Shatila massacres. This incident prompted U.S. President Ronald Reagan to organize a new MNF with France and Italy. On September 29, this new force entered Beirut, with about 1,200 Marines. Their ...

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Multinational Force in Lebanon, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Background, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Initial landing, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Increased involvement, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Barracks bombing, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Later confrontations and withdrawal, Multinational Force in Lebanon - Casualties

Read more here: » Multinational Force in Lebanon: Encyclopedia II - Multinational Force in Lebanon - Increased involvement

Following the Taif Agreement to end the civil war, the National Assembly met on November 5 at the Qoleiat air base in North Lebanon and elected Moawad as the first President of Lebanon since Amine Gemayel had left office when his term expired in 409 days earlier in 1988; the National Assembly had failed to elect a successor at that time. Seventeen days later, while he was returning from Lebanon's Independence Day celebrations on November 22, 1989, a 250-kg car bomb was detonated next to Mo ...

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René Moawad, René Moawad - Education and early career, René Moawad - Parliamentary career, René Moawad - Election and assassination, René Moawad - Personal life and legacy

Read more here: » René Moawad: Encyclopedia II - René Moawad - Election and assassination

After Ibn Saud's death in 1953 Philby openly criticized the successor King Faisal, saying the royal family's morals were being picked up "in the gutters of the West". He was exiled to Lebanon in 1955. In exile he wrote: ". . . the true basis of Arab hostility to Jewish immigration into Palestine is xenophobia, and instinctive perception that the vast majority of central and eastern European Jews, seeking admission . . . are not Semites at all. . . . Whatever political repercussions of their settlement may be, their advent is regarded ...

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St. John Philby, St. John Philby - Arab Revolt, St. John Philby - Ibn Saud adviser, St. John Philby - Philby Plan, St. John Philby - Suez Crisis, St. John Philby - Sources

Read more here: » St. John Philby: Encyclopedia II - St. John Philby - Suez Crisis