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| ARTICLES RELATED TO CAM | | | |  CAM: Encyclopedia II - Electronics - Digital circuitsComputers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers (used to control industrial processes) are constructed of digital circuits. Digital Signal Processors are another example.
Building-blocks:
logic gates
flip-flops
counters
registers
multiplexers
Schmitt triggers
Highly integrated devices:
microprocessors
microcontrollers
D ...
See also:Electronics, Electronics - Electronic devices today, Electronics - CAD/CAM of electronic circuits, Electronics - Electronic systems, Electronics - Electronic test equipment, Electronics - Electronic components, Electronics - Analog circuits, Electronics - Digital circuits, Electronics - Mixed-signal circuits, Electronics - Heat dissipation, Electronics - Noise, Electronics - Electronics theory Read more here: » Electronics: Encyclopedia II - Electronics - Digital circuits |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Ascenders Ascenders are mechanical devices for ascending on a rope. They are also called Jumars, after a popular brand.
Jumars perform the same functionality as prusik knots but are stronger, faster, safer and less effort is needed to use them. A Jumar employs a cam which allows the device to slide freely in one direction (usually the intended direction of movement) but tightly grip the rope when pulled on in the opposite direction. To prevent a jumar from accidentally coming off the rope, a locking mechanism or trigger is deployed. The Jumar i ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Ascenders |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism
Portuguese literature - Poetry.
The early nineteenth century witnessed a literary reformation which was commenced by Almeida Garrett who had become acquainted with the English and French Romanticism in exile and based his work on the national traditions. In the narrative poem "Camões" (1825) he broke with the established rules of composition and followed it with "Flores sem Fructo" and a collection of ardent love poems "Folhas Cahidas", while the clear elegant prose of this true artist is seen in a miscellany of ...
See also:Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language, Portuguese literature - Verse, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century, Portuguese literature - Pastoral Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance, Portuguese literature - Lyric and epic poetry, Portuguese literature - The classical plays, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque, Portuguese literature - Lyric Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Third Classical Phase: NeoClassicism, Portuguese literature - The Academies, Portuguese literature - The Arcadias, Portuguese literature - Brazilian Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - The Novel, Portuguese literature - Other prose, Portuguese literature - Fine examples of Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - Luís Vaz de Camões, Portuguese literature - Eça de Queirós, Portuguese literature - Fernando Pessoa Read more here: » Portuguese literature: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - Stylistic devices Owing a heavy debt to film noir and other film styles of the past, the Coen brothers' films combine dry humor with sharp irony and shocking visuals, most often in moving camera shots. The Coens prefer not to put the opening credits at the very beginning of the film.
Joel and Ethan Coen - Dialogue.
In all of the Coens' films, the most important element is dialogue. The films typically feature a combination of dry wit, exaggerated language, and glaring irony. The brothers frequently use dialogue to develop c ...
See also:Joel and Ethan Coen, Joel and Ethan Coen - Biographies, Joel and Ethan Coen - Stylistic devices, Joel and Ethan Coen - Dialogue, Joel and Ethan Coen - Blood and guts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Film noir and misunderstanding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Depictions of various cities states and regions of America, Joel and Ethan Coen - Violence, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Raimi cam rush, Joel and Ethan Coen - Lenses, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera angles, Joel and Ethan Coen - Disguised cuts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Other techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - Storyboarding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Color correction, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Coen brothers' circle, Joel and Ethan Coen - Filmography Read more here: » Joel and Ethan Coen: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - Stylistic devices |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - Violence The majority of the Coens' films are extremely violent. In every one of their films there is at least one death and, in many cases, multiple deaths. In their lighter films, e.g., The Hudsucker Proxy, the plot is unleashed by the suicide of Waring Hudsucker, or in The Ladykillers all of the main characters die in an attempt to dispose of a body. In some of their more graphic films, e.g., Fargo, most of the main characters die or are assaulted, all of which is portrayed onscreen; in one particularly graphic scene a ...
See also:Joel and Ethan Coen, Joel and Ethan Coen - Biographies, Joel and Ethan Coen - Stylistic devices, Joel and Ethan Coen - Dialogue, Joel and Ethan Coen - Blood and guts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Film noir and misunderstanding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Depictions of various cities states and regions of America, Joel and Ethan Coen - Violence, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Raimi cam rush, Joel and Ethan Coen - Lenses, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera angles, Joel and Ethan Coen - Disguised cuts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Other techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - Storyboarding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Color correction, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Coen brothers' circle, Joel and Ethan Coen - Filmography Read more here: » Joel and Ethan Coen: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - Violence |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - Other techniques
Joel and Ethan Coen - Storyboarding.
The Coen brothers storyboard their films completely before filming (unlike most directors, who only storyboard complex shots such as action sequences). They state that it helps them get the budget they want as they can show where most of the money will be going.
Joel and Ethan Coen - Color correction.
O Brother, Where Art Thou? was the first film fully color corrected from start to finish with digital techniques. The brothers wanted t ...
See also:Joel and Ethan Coen, Joel and Ethan Coen - Biographies, Joel and Ethan Coen - Stylistic devices, Joel and Ethan Coen - Dialogue, Joel and Ethan Coen - Blood and guts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Film noir and misunderstanding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Depictions of various cities states and regions of America, Joel and Ethan Coen - Violence, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Raimi cam rush, Joel and Ethan Coen - Lenses, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera angles, Joel and Ethan Coen - Disguised cuts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Other techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - Storyboarding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Color correction, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Coen brothers' circle, Joel and Ethan Coen - Filmography Read more here: » Joel and Ethan Coen: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - Other techniques |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - The Coen brothers' circle The Coens used cinematographer Barry Sonnenfeld through Miller's Crossing until Sonnenfeld left to pursue his own successful directing career, including such films as The Addams Family, Get Shorty, and most notably Men in Black. Roger A. Deakins has been the Coen brothers' cinematographer since Sonnenfeld's departure.
Sam Raimi also helped write The Hudsucker Proxy, which the Coen brothers directed; and the Coen brothers helped write Crimewave, which Raimi directed. Raimi took tips about filmi ...
See also:Joel and Ethan Coen, Joel and Ethan Coen - Biographies, Joel and Ethan Coen - Stylistic devices, Joel and Ethan Coen - Dialogue, Joel and Ethan Coen - Blood and guts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Film noir and misunderstanding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Depictions of various cities states and regions of America, Joel and Ethan Coen - Violence, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Raimi cam rush, Joel and Ethan Coen - Lenses, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera angles, Joel and Ethan Coen - Disguised cuts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Other techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - Storyboarding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Color correction, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Coen brothers' circle, Joel and Ethan Coen - Filmography Read more here: » Joel and Ethan Coen: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - The Coen brothers' circle |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - Biographies Joel Coen was born November 29, 1954, and has been married to actress Frances McDormand since 1984; they have an adopted baby named Pedro. Ethan Coen was born September 21, 1957, and is married to film editor Tricia Cooke. The brothers grew up in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. Their parents were both professors, their father specializing in economics at the University of Minnesota and t ...
See also:Joel and Ethan Coen, Joel and Ethan Coen - Biographies, Joel and Ethan Coen - Stylistic devices, Joel and Ethan Coen - Dialogue, Joel and Ethan Coen - Blood and guts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Film noir and misunderstanding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Depictions of various cities states and regions of America, Joel and Ethan Coen - Violence, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Raimi cam rush, Joel and Ethan Coen - Lenses, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera angles, Joel and Ethan Coen - Disguised cuts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Other techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - Storyboarding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Color correction, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Coen brothers' circle, Joel and Ethan Coen - Filmography Read more here: » Joel and Ethan Coen: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - Biographies |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing See also: Rope, Webbing.
Climbing ropes typically consist of a core of long twisted fibres and an outer sheath of woven coloured fibres (referred to as kernmantle construction). The core provides most of the tensile strength, while the sheath is a durable layer that protects the core and give the rope desirable handling characteristics. The ropes used for climbing can be divided into two classes: dynamic ropes and static ropes. Dynamic ropes have a certain amount of elasticity and are usually used as belay ropes. The elasticity ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Carabiners See also: Carabiner, Quickdraw
Carabiners are metal loops with spring-loaded gates, used as connectors. For recreational climbing, almost all carabiners are made from aluminium.
Carabiners exist in various forms; the shape of the carabiner and the type of gate needs to be selected according to the exact use for which it is intended.
Carabiners are also known by many slang names including biner
Quickdraws are used by climbers to attach ropes to bolt anchors or chocks. They allow the rope to run-through with minimal friction. Quickdraws consist of two snapgate carabiners ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Carabiners |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Harnesses See also: Climbing harness
A Harness is used for attaching a rope to a person. The majority of harnesses used in climbing are worn around the waist, although other types may be seen occasionally.
Different types of climbing warrant particular features for harnesses. Sport climbers will typically use minimalistic harnesses except with sewn gear loops. Alpine climbers will choose lightweight harnesses, perhaps with detachable leg ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Harnesses |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Belay devices These are mechanical devices used when belaying. They allow careful control of the belay rope. Their main purpose is to allow locking of the rope with minimal effort. Many types of belay device exist, and some of these may additionally be used as descenders.
Climbing equipment - Sticht plate.
The original belay device, named for its designer. It consists of a metal disk with one or two holes drilled through. A wide wire spring is attached on one side. The rope is threaded through from the side without the ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Belay devices |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Protection devices Protection devices, collectively known as rock protection or pro, provide the means to place temporary anchor points on the rock. These devices may be categorized as passive (nuts, Hexentrics, etc.) or active (SLCDs).
Climbing equipment - Nuts.
See also: Nut (climbing)
Nuts are manufactured in many different varieties. In their simplest form, they are just a small block of metal attached to a loop of cord or wire. The most popular styles are tapers and Hexentrics.
Nuts are used ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Protection devices |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Training equipment Various items of equipment are employed during climbing-specific training.
Climbing equipment - Grip savers.
A small device that can help in developing the antagonist muscles to those used while gripping by the hand. Use of such a device can prevent ligament injuries that are frequently experienced by climbers.
Climbing equipment - Fingerboards.
An apparatus chiefly used for improving grip strength and practising grip techniques. They generally consist of a variety of di ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Training equipment |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing In the early days of climbing, many would have considered specialised clothing to be cheating. Several climbers even chose to climb bare foot, an act that modern climbers would find amazing.
Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes.
See also: Climbing shoe
Specifically designed foot wear worn for climbing. To increase the grip of the foot on a climbing wall or rock face due to friction, the shoe is covered with a vulcanized rubber layer. Usually, the shoes are only a few millimetres thick and will have a very snug fit around the feet.
< ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment
Climbing equipment - Helmet.
See also: Helmet
An often disregarded item of safety equipment that has saved many climbers from serious injury or death. A helmet is a tough item of headwear that primarily protects the skull against impacts. In well-developed and popular climbing areas, these impacts are more commonly caused by falling objects (such as pebbles or climbing eq ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Rope, cord and webbing See also: Rope, Webbing.
Climbing ropes typically consist of a core of long twisted fibres and an outer sheath of woven coloured fibres (referred to as kernmantle construction). The core provides most of the tensile strength, while the sheath is a durable layer that protects the core and give the rope desirable handling characteristics. The ropes used for climbing can be divided into two classes: dynamic ropes and static ropes. Dynamic ropes have a certain amount of elasticity and are usually used as belay ropes. The elasticity ...
See also:Climbing equipment, Climbing equipment - Rope, cord and webbing, Climbing equipment - Carabiners, Climbing equipment - Harnesses, Climbing equipment - Belay devices, Climbing equipment - Sticht plate, Climbing equipment - ATC, Climbing equipment - Gri-Gri, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Descenders, Climbing equipment - Figure eight, Climbing equipment - Rescue eight, Climbing equipment - Ascenders, Climbing equipment - Protection devices, Climbing equipment - Nuts, Climbing equipment - Hexcentrics, Climbing equipment - Spring loaded camming devices, Climbing equipment - Training equipment, Climbing equipment - Grip savers, Climbing equipment - Fingerboards, Climbing equipment - Campus boards, Climbing equipment - Specialist clothing, Climbing equipment - Climbing shoes, Climbing equipment - Belay gloves, Climbing equipment - Miscellaneous equipment, Climbing equipment - Helmet, Climbing equipment - Tape, Climbing equipment - Haul bag, Climbing equipment - Bouldering mat, Climbing equipment - Chalk, Climbing equipment - Chalk bag, Climbing equipment - Nut tool, Climbing equipment - Rope bag, Climbing equipment - Standards Read more here: » Climbing equipment: Encyclopedia II - Climbing equipment - Rope, cord and webbing |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language
Portuguese literature - Verse.
It has been argued (by great early scholars such as Henry Roseman Lang and Carolina Michaelis) that an indigenous popular poetry existed before the beginning of the written record, although the first datable poems (a handful between around 1200 and 1225) show influences from Provence. These poems were composed in a language called Galician-Portuguese (or Galego-Portuguese), the common ancestor of modern Galician and Portuguese. The first known venues of poetic activity were aristocr ...
See also:Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language, Portuguese literature - Verse, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century, Portuguese literature - Pastoral Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance, Portuguese literature - Lyric and epic poetry, Portuguese literature - The classical plays, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque, Portuguese literature - Lyric Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Third Classical Phase: NeoClassicism, Portuguese literature - The Academies, Portuguese literature - The Arcadias, Portuguese literature - Brazilian Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - The Novel, Portuguese literature - Other prose, Portuguese literature - Fine examples of Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - Luís Vaz de Camões, Portuguese literature - Eça de Queirós, Portuguese literature - Fernando Pessoa Read more here: » Portuguese literature: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century
Portuguese literature - Prose.
A new epoch in literature dates from the Revolution of 1383-1385. King John I wrote a book of the chase, his sons, King Duarte and D. Pedro, composed moral treatises, and an anonymous scribe told with charming naïveté the story of the heroic Nuno Alvares Pereira in the Chronica do Condestavel. The line of the chroniclers which is one of the boasts of Portuguese literature began with Fernão Lopes, who compiled the chronicles of the reigns of Kings Pedro I, Fernando, and Joh ...
See also:Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language, Portuguese literature - Verse, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century, Portuguese literature - Pastoral Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance, Portuguese literature - Lyric and epic poetry, Portuguese literature - The classical plays, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque, Portuguese literature - Lyric Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Third Classical Phase: NeoClassicism, Portuguese literature - The Academies, Portuguese literature - The Arcadias, Portuguese literature - Brazilian Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - The Novel, Portuguese literature - Other prose, Portuguese literature - Fine examples of Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - Luís Vaz de Camões, Portuguese literature - Eça de Queirós, Portuguese literature - Fernando Pessoa Read more here: » Portuguese literature: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century
Portuguese literature - Pastoral Poetry.
Portuguese pastoral poetry is more natural and sincere than that of the other nations because Ribeiro, the founder of the bucolic school, sought inspiration in the national serranilhas, but his eclogues, despite their feeling and rhythmic harmony, are surpassed by the "Crisfal" of Christovão Falcão. These and the eclogues and sententious "Cartas" of Sá de Miranda are written in versos de arte mayor, and the popular medida velha (as the national metre was a ...
See also:Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language, Portuguese literature - Verse, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century, Portuguese literature - Pastoral Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance, Portuguese literature - Lyric and epic poetry, Portuguese literature - The classical plays, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque, Portuguese literature - Lyric Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Third Classical Phase: NeoClassicism, Portuguese literature - The Academies, Portuguese literature - The Arcadias, Portuguese literature - Brazilian Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - The Novel, Portuguese literature - Other prose, Portuguese literature - Fine examples of Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - Luís Vaz de Camões, Portuguese literature - Eça de Queirós, Portuguese literature - Fernando Pessoa Read more here: » Portuguese literature: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance The Renaissance produced a pleiad of distinguished poets, historians, critics, antiquaries, theologians, and moralists which made the sixteenth century a golden age.
Portuguese literature - Lyric and epic poetry.
Sá de Miranda introduced Italian forms of verse and raised the tone of poetry. He was followed by Antônio Ferreira, a superior stylist, by Diogo Bernardes, and Andrade Caminha, but the Quinhentistas tended to lose spontaneity in their imitation of classical models, though the verse of Fre ...
See also:Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language, Portuguese literature - Verse, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century, Portuguese literature - Pastoral Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance, Portuguese literature - Lyric and epic poetry, Portuguese literature - The classical plays, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque, Portuguese literature - Lyric Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Third Classical Phase: NeoClassicism, Portuguese literature - The Academies, Portuguese literature - The Arcadias, Portuguese literature - Brazilian Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - The Novel, Portuguese literature - Other prose, Portuguese literature - Fine examples of Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - Luís Vaz de Camões, Portuguese literature - Eça de Queirós, Portuguese literature - Fernando Pessoa Read more here: » Portuguese literature: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance |
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| | | | | CAM: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque The general inferiority of seventeenth-century literature to that of the preceding age has been blamed on the new royal absolutism, the Inquisition, the Index, and the exaggerated humanism of the Jesuits who directed higher education; nevertheless, had a man of genius appeared he would have overcome all obstacles. In fact letters shared in the national decline. The taint of Gongorism and Marinism attacked all the Seiscentistas, as may be seen in the "Fenix Renascida", and rhetoric conquered style. The Revolution of 1640 liberated Portugal, b ...
See also:Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language, Portuguese literature - Verse, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century, Portuguese literature - Pastoral Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance, Portuguese literature - Lyric and epic poetry, Portuguese literature - The classical plays, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque, Portuguese literature - Lyric Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Third Classical Phase: NeoClassicism, Portuguese literature - The Academies, Portuguese literature - The Arcadias, Portuguese literature - Brazilian Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - The Novel, Portuguese literature - Other prose, Portuguese literature - Fine examples of Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - Luís Vaz de Camões, Portuguese literature - Eça de Queirós, Portuguese literature - Fernando Pessoa Read more here: » Portuguese literature: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque |
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