The Institute's Portuguese cultural centres (Centros culturais portugueses) are centres whose aim is the promotion of cultural relations between Portugal and other countries, in particular in countries with which Portugal has strong historical and cultural ties. Instituto Camões - Locations.  Angola (Luanda)  Brazil (Brasília, São Paulo)  Cape Verde (Praia, Mindelo)  China (Beijing) and  Macau (Macau)  France (Paris)

Most of the CAMs belong to 4 protein families: Ig (immunoglobulin) superfamily (IgSF CAMs), the integrins, the cadherins and the selectins. Cell adhesion molecule - IgSF CAMs. Immunoglobulin SuperFamily CAMs (IgSF CAMs) are either homophilic or heterophilic and bind integrins or different IgSF CAMs. Here is a list of some molecules of this family: NCAMs Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) VCAM-1 Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule PECAM-1 Platelet-endothel ...

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Cell adhesion molecule, Cell adhesion molecule - Families of CAMs, Cell adhesion molecule - IgSF CAMs, Cell adhesion molecule - Selectins, Cell adhesion molecule - Integrins, Cell adhesion molecule - Cadherins

Read more here: » Cell adhesion molecule: Encyclopedia II - Cell adhesion molecule - Families of CAMs

The four-cam 275s were substantially updated cars. Built by Scaglietti, they featured new bodywork and was the first Ferrari to not be offered with wire wheels. Power came from a substantially reworked Colombo V12, still with two valves per cylinder but now with dual overhead cams. In a departure from previous Ferrari designs, the valve angle was reduced three degrees to 54° for a more-compact head. The dual camshafts also allowed the valves to be aligned "correctly" (perpendicular to the camshaft) instead of offset as in SOHC Ferraris. It was a dry-sump design with ...

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Ferrari 275, Ferrari 275 - Two-cam, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTB, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTS, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTC, Ferrari 275 - Four-cam, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTB/4, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTS/4 NART

Read more here: » Ferrari 275: Encyclopedia II - Ferrari 275 - Four-cam

Ferrari 275 - 275 GTB. The standard GTB coupe was produced by Scaglietti. It was more of a pure sports car than the GT name suggested. A Series Two version with a longer nose appeared in 1965. Ferrari 275 - 275 GTS. Pininfarina built 200 GTS roadsters for the American market from 1964-1966 with entirely different bodywork. It was intended to be more of a GT car and less of a sports car than its GTB brother. The 275 GTS was replaced by the 330 GTS with the switch to the four-cam engine, leaving no 3.3 L convertible in the range un ...

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Ferrari 275, Ferrari 275 - Two-cam, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTB, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTS, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTC, Ferrari 275 - Four-cam, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTB/4, Ferrari 275 - 275 GTS/4 NART

Read more here: » Ferrari 275: Encyclopedia II - Ferrari 275 - Two-cam

In CNC manufacturing the CAM system is used to simplify the machining and design process. In most cases the CAM system will work with a CAD design made in a 3D environment. The CNC programmer will just specify the machining operations and the CAM system will create the CNC program. This compatibility of CAD/CAM systems eliminates the need for redefining the work piece configuration to the CAM system. In other words: C.A.M. is a software usually comes with a machine such as a lathe or miller which is controlled by the software. The entire system tends to be extremely expensive (a lathe a ...

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Computer-aided manufacturing, Computer-aided manufacturing - Things taken care of by CAM, Computer-aided manufacturing - Data flow in mechanical engineering CAM, Computer-aided manufacturing - Areas of usage, Computer-aided manufacturing - Brief description

Read more here: » Computer-aided manufacturing: Encyclopedia II - Computer-aided manufacturing - Brief description

If one considers a local parametrization of a surface: then the curves obtained by varying u while keeping v fixed are sometimes called the u flow lines. The curves obtained by varying v while u is fixed are called the v flow lines. These are generalizations of the x and y lines in the plane and of the meridians and circles of latitude on a sphere. Open surfaces are not closed in either direction. This means moving in any direction along the surface will cause an observer to hit the edge of the su ...

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Computer representation of surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Open and closed surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Flattening a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface patches, Computer representation of surfaces - Faces, Computer representation of surfaces - Skins and volumes, Computer representation of surfaces - Transition to solids, Computer representation of surfaces - Types of continuity, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface visualization / display, Computer representation of surfaces - CAD/CAM representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - CAE/FEA representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - VR/computer animation representation of a surface

Read more here: » Computer representation of surfaces: Encyclopedia II - Computer representation of surfaces - Open and closed surfaces

The V8 SHO appeared in spring of 1996. It was at 3.4 L and continued many of the traits of the SHO V6, including the aluminum cylinder heads (the V6 SHO engine has an iron block), 4-valve per cylinder DOHC design, and a variable length intake manifold. Power was similar too, at 235 hp (175 kW) and 230 ft·lbf (312 N·m) of torque. This version was retired in 1999 because of the relative lack of interest in a heavier ...

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Ford Yamaha V8 engine, Ford Yamaha V8 engine - SHO V8, Ford Yamaha V8 engine - Cam trouble, Ford Yamaha V8 engine - Volvo V8

Read more here: » Ford Yamaha V8 engine: Encyclopedia II - Ford Yamaha V8 engine - SHO V8

Volvo began offering the 4.4 L V8 version of this engine in its large P2 platform automobiles in 2005. The engine is made by Yamaha in Japan and was initially offered in the Volvo XC90 SUV. Other vehicles likely to get the V8 engine include the Volvo S80, Volvo XC70, and a future Lincoln all wheel drive luxury car. The engine is a 4.4 L aluminum DOHC V8 which produces 311 hp (232 kW) and 325 ft·lbf (441 N·m). Officials of all three companies involved insist that the Volvo V8 is not related t ...

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Ford Yamaha V8 engine, Ford Yamaha V8 engine - SHO V8, Ford Yamaha V8 engine - Cam trouble, Ford Yamaha V8 engine - Volvo V8

Read more here: » Ford Yamaha V8 engine: Encyclopedia II - Ford Yamaha V8 engine - Volvo V8

However, most plants do not have the above-said facility and must therefore open and close their stomata during the daytime in response to changing conditions, such as light intensity, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. It is not entirely certain how these responses work. However, the basic mechanism involves regulation of osmotic pressure. When conditions are conducive to stomatal opening (e.g., high light intensity and high humidity), a proton pump drives protons (H+) from the guard cells. This means that the cel ...

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Stoma, Stoma - Stomata control the trade-off between carbon gain and water loss, Stoma - CAM plants open stomata at night, Stoma - Stoma opening and closure, Stoma - Viewing stoma, Stoma - Inferring stomatal behavior from gas exchange

Read more here: » Stoma: Encyclopedia II - Stoma - Stoma opening and closure

The easiest way to view stomata on a leaf is to take a nail varnish impression of it. Paint about one square centimeter of the underside of the leaf with transparent nail varnish.(or thin layer of PVA glue) Allow to dry out thoroughly (takes a good 30 minutes). Peel off and place on a microscope slide. The stomata leave clearly visible impressions in the nail varnish. A graticule slide allows for the counting of how many stomata (per unit area) are on the leaf surface, a chara ...

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Stoma, Stoma - Stomata control the trade-off between carbon gain and water loss, Stoma - CAM plants open stomata at night, Stoma - Stoma opening and closure, Stoma - Viewing stoma, Stoma - Inferring stomatal behavior from gas exchange

Read more here: » Stoma: Encyclopedia II - Stoma - Viewing stoma

The concept originated during 1963 with drawings by Ron Hickman, director of Lotus Engineering (Designer of the original Lotus Elan, as well as the Black and Decker Workmate), for a bid on the Ford GT40 project. That contract ended up going to Lola instead, so Colin Chapman chose to use Hickman's aerodynamic design (with a still ultra low for today drag coefficient of .29) as the basis for a production model to succeed the ageless Lotus 7: the Europa. < ...

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Lotus Europa, Lotus Europa - History, Lotus Europa - Series 1, Lotus Europa - Type 47, Lotus Europa - Series 2, Lotus Europa - Twin Cam and TC Special, Lotus Europa - Europas for the New Millennium, Lotus Europa - Europa S - 2006

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The Colombo engine was enlarged again to 4823 cc for 1976's 400 with the same 81 mm bore and a 78 mm stroke. Applications: 1983–1985 400i ...

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Ferrari Colombo engine, Ferrari Colombo engine - Formula One, Ferrari Colombo engine - 58.8 mm stroke, Ferrari Colombo engine - Type 125, Ferrari Colombo engine - 275, Ferrari Colombo engine - 330, Ferrari Colombo engine - Four-cam, Ferrari Colombo engine - 365, Ferrari Colombo engine - 400, Ferrari Colombo engine - 512

Read more here: » Ferrari Colombo engine: Encyclopedia II - Ferrari Colombo engine - 400

Some open surfaces and surfaces closed in one direction may be flattened into a plane without deformation of the surface. For example, a cylinder can be flattened into a rectangular area without distorting the surface distance between surface features (except for those distances across the split created by opening up the cylinder). A cone may also be so flattened. Such surfaces are linear in one direction and curved in the other (surfaces linear in both directions were flat to begin with). Sheet metal surfaces which have flat patterns ...

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Computer representation of surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Open and closed surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Flattening a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface patches, Computer representation of surfaces - Faces, Computer representation of surfaces - Skins and volumes, Computer representation of surfaces - Transition to solids, Computer representation of surfaces - Types of continuity, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface visualization / display, Computer representation of surfaces - CAD/CAM representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - CAE/FEA representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - VR/computer animation representation of a surface

Read more here: » Computer representation of surfaces: Encyclopedia II - Computer representation of surfaces - Flattening a surface

The 1960 400 Superamerica replaced the previous model's Lampredi engine with a 3967 cc Colombo. It diverged from the standard 58.8 mm stroke with a 71 mm stroke and 77 mm bore. Output was 340 to 400 hp with triple Weber carburetors. Although the 1963 330 series also used a 3967 cc engine with the same bore and stroke as the 400 Superamerica, this engine was quite different. It used a wider bore spacing, paving the way for future displacement increases. The spark plugs were moved and a new water pump was used. The dynamo on the prior versions was replaced by a true alternator. In ...

See also:

Ferrari Colombo engine, Ferrari Colombo engine - Formula One, Ferrari Colombo engine - 58.8 mm stroke, Ferrari Colombo engine - Type 125, Ferrari Colombo engine - 275, Ferrari Colombo engine - 330, Ferrari Colombo engine - Four-cam, Ferrari Colombo engine - 365, Ferrari Colombo engine - 400, Ferrari Colombo engine - 512

Read more here: » Ferrari Colombo engine: Encyclopedia II - Ferrari Colombo engine - 330

A surface may be composed of one or more patches, where each patch has its own U-V coordinate system. These surface patches are analogous to the multiple polynomial arcs used to build a spline. They allow more complex surfaces to be represented by a series of relatively simple equation sets rather than a single set of complex equations. Thus, the complexity of operations such as surface intersections can be reduced to a series of patch intersections. Surfaces closed in one or two directions frequentl ...

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Computer representation of surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Open and closed surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Flattening a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface patches, Computer representation of surfaces - Faces, Computer representation of surfaces - Skins and volumes, Computer representation of surfaces - Transition to solids, Computer representation of surfaces - Types of continuity, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface visualization / display, Computer representation of surfaces - CAD/CAM representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - CAE/FEA representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - VR/computer animation representation of a surface

Read more here: » Computer representation of surfaces: Encyclopedia II - Computer representation of surfaces - Surface patches

Portuguese literature - Luís Vaz de Camões. To English speakers, the most famous writer in the Portuguese language is the poet Luís Vaz de Camões or Luís Vaz Camoens (1524 - June 10, 1580), author of the epic poem, the Lusiad. (In the Victorian era, he was both sufficiently admired and sufficiently obscure for Elizabeth Barrett Browning to disguise her work by entitling it Sonnets from the Portuguese, a reference to Camões). The Portuguese national holiday, "Portugal's Day" or "Dia de Portugal, das C ...

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Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language, Portuguese literature - Verse, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century, Portuguese literature - Pastoral Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance, Portuguese literature - Lyric and epic poetry, Portuguese literature - The classical plays, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque, Portuguese literature - Lyric Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Third Classical Phase: NeoClassicism, Portuguese literature - The Academies, Portuguese literature - The Arcadias, Portuguese literature - Brazilian Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - The Novel, Portuguese literature - Other prose, Portuguese literature - Fine examples of Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - Luís Vaz de Camões, Portuguese literature - Eça de Queirós, Portuguese literature - Fernando Pessoa

Read more here: » Portuguese literature: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Fine examples of Portuguese literature

Surfaces and surface patches can only be trimmed at U and V flow lines. To overcome this severe limitation, surface faces allow a surface to be limited to a series of boundaries projected onto the surface in any orientation, so long as those boundaries are collectively closed. For example, trimming a cylinder at an angle would require such a surface face. A single surface face may span multiple surface patches on a single surface, but can't span multiple surfaces. Planar faces are similar to surface faces, but are limited by a collectively closed series of bou ...

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Computer representation of surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Open and closed surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Flattening a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface patches, Computer representation of surfaces - Faces, Computer representation of surfaces - Skins and volumes, Computer representation of surfaces - Transition to solids, Computer representation of surfaces - Types of continuity, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface visualization / display, Computer representation of surfaces - CAD/CAM representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - CAE/FEA representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - VR/computer animation representation of a surface

Read more here: » Computer representation of surfaces: Encyclopedia II - Computer representation of surfaces - Faces

Visually, the Coens favor moving camera shots, especially tracking shots and crane shots; even when the camera is "static" it is often still drifting slightly. Their films are also distinguished by cinematic visual flourishes that mark turning points. Joel and Ethan Coen - The Raimi cam rush. Occasionally in their tracking shots they "rush" the camera forward, as in the scene in Raising Arizona where Nathan Jr. is discovered missing; the Coen brothers dubbed the rush forward the "Raimi cam" in tribu ...

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Joel and Ethan Coen, Joel and Ethan Coen - Biographies, Joel and Ethan Coen - Stylistic devices, Joel and Ethan Coen - Dialogue, Joel and Ethan Coen - Blood and guts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Film noir and misunderstanding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Depictions of various cities states and regions of America, Joel and Ethan Coen - Violence, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Raimi cam rush, Joel and Ethan Coen - Lenses, Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera angles, Joel and Ethan Coen - Disguised cuts, Joel and Ethan Coen - Other techniques, Joel and Ethan Coen - Storyboarding, Joel and Ethan Coen - Color correction, Joel and Ethan Coen - The Coen brothers' circle, Joel and Ethan Coen - Filmography

Read more here: » Joel and Ethan Coen: Encyclopedia II - Joel and Ethan Coen - Camera techniques

A surface's patches and the faces built on that surface typically have point continuity (no gaps) and tangent continuity (no sharp angles). Curvature continuity (no sharp radius changes) may or may not be maintained. Skins and volumes, however, typically only have point continuity. Sharp angles between faces built on different supports (planes or surfaces) are common. ...

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Computer representation of surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Open and closed surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Flattening a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface patches, Computer representation of surfaces - Faces, Computer representation of surfaces - Skins and volumes, Computer representation of surfaces - Transition to solids, Computer representation of surfaces - Types of continuity, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface visualization / display, Computer representation of surfaces - CAD/CAM representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - CAE/FEA representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - VR/computer animation representation of a surface

Read more here: » Computer representation of surfaces: Encyclopedia II - Computer representation of surfaces - Types of continuity

Surfaces may be displayed in many ways: Wireframe mode. In this representation the surface is drawn as a series of lines and curves, without hidden line removal. The boundaries and flow lines (isoparametric curves) may each be shown as solid or dashed curves. The advantage of this representation is that a great deal of geometry may be displayed and rotated on the screen with no d ...

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Computer representation of surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Open and closed surfaces, Computer representation of surfaces - Flattening a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface patches, Computer representation of surfaces - Faces, Computer representation of surfaces - Skins and volumes, Computer representation of surfaces - Transition to solids, Computer representation of surfaces - Types of continuity, Computer representation of surfaces - Surface visualization / display, Computer representation of surfaces - CAD/CAM representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - CAE/FEA representation of a surface, Computer representation of surfaces - VR/computer animation representation of a surface

Read more here: » Computer representation of surfaces: Encyclopedia II - Computer representation of surfaces - Surface visualization / display

Electronic devices are used to perform a wide variety of tasks. The main uses of electronic circuits are the controlling, processing and distribution of information, and the conversion and distribution of electric power. Both of these uses involve the creation or detection of electromagnetic fields and electric currents. While electrical energy had been used for some time to transmit data over telegraphs and telephones, the development of electronics truly began in earnest with the advent of radio. ...

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Electronics, Electronics - Electronic devices today, Electronics - CAD/CAM of electronic circuits, Electronics - Electronic systems, Electronics - Electronic test equipment, Electronics - Electronic components, Electronics - Analog circuits, Electronics - Digital circuits, Electronics - Mixed-signal circuits, Electronics - Heat dissipation, Electronics - Noise, Electronics - Electronics theory

Read more here: » Electronics: Encyclopedia II - Electronics - Electronic devices today

One way of looking at an electronic system is to divide it into the following parts: Inputs – Electronic or mechanical sensors (or transducers), which take signals (in the form of temperature, pressure, etc.) from the physical world and convert them into current/voltage signals. Signal processing circuits – These consist of electronic components connected together to manipulate, interpret and transform the signals. Outputs – Actuators or other devices (also transducers) that transform current/volt ...

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Electronics, Electronics - Electronic devices today, Electronics - CAD/CAM of electronic circuits, Electronics - Electronic systems, Electronics - Electronic test equipment, Electronics - Electronic components, Electronics - Analog circuits, Electronics - Digital circuits, Electronics - Mixed-signal circuits, Electronics - Heat dissipation, Electronics - Noise, Electronics - Electronics theory

Read more here: » Electronics: Encyclopedia II - Electronics - Electronic systems