A Wisdom Archive on calorie

During the early Revolutionary Wars, the notable French newspaper Monde, prompted by the government, offered a hefty cash award of 12,000 Francs to any inventor who could come up with a cheap and effective method of preserving large amounts of food. The massive armies of the period required regular supplies of quality food, and so preservation became a necessity. In 1809, the French confectioner Nicolas François Appert developed a method of vacuum-sealing food inside glass jars. However, glass containers were unsuitable for transport ...

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The BTU per hour (BTU/h) is the unit of power most commonly associated with the BTU. 1 horsepower is approximately 2540 BTU/h 1 watt is approximately 3.4 BTU/h 1000 BTU/h is approximately 293 W A unit called the quad (short for quadrillion) is defined as 1015 BTU, which is about 1.055×1018 joules, and the therm is defined in the United States and European Union as 100,000 BTU –but the U.S. uses the BTU59 °F whilst the EU uses the BTUIT. The BTU should not be confused with the Board of Trade Un ...

Read more here: » British thermal unit: Encyclopedia II - British thermal unit - Associated units

In the early years of the human species, breastfeeding was as common as it was for other mammals feeding their young. There were no alternative foods for the infants, and the mother, along with other lactating females, would have no choice but to breastfeed the children. This process is still seen in many developing countries and is known as shared breastfeeding. The Egyptian, Greek and Roman empires saw women only feeding their own children. However, breastfeeding began to be seen as something too common to be done by royalty, ...

Read more here: » Breastfeeding: Encyclopedia II - Breastfeeding - History of breastfeeding

The practice of dieting in order to lose weight is ancient in its origins. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, physicians and patients regulated their food carefully, in order to prevent disease. In the 19th century, as the scientific classification of foods took shape, doctors and scientists began experimenting with targeted diets. William Banting is one of the first people known to have successfully lost weight by dieting, circa 1863, by targeting carbohydrates. (The low carbohydrate diet, marketed today as the A ...

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Main article: Breast milk Throughout the last two trimesters of pregnancy a woman's body produces hormones which stimulate the growth of the milk duct system in the breasts: Progesterone -- influences the growth in size of alveoli and lobes. Progesterone levels drop along with estrogen levels after birth, triggering the onset of copious milk secretion. (Mohrbacher, IBCLC, Nancy; Stock, MA, IBCLC, Julie (2003). The Breastfeeding Answer Book, Third Revised Edition. La Leche League International, Inc. ISBN 0-912500-92 ...

Read more here: » Breastfeeding: Encyclopedia II - Breastfeeding - Beginning lactation

The benefits of breastfeeding are both physical and psychological for both mother and child. Nutrients and antibodies are passed to the baby while hormones are released into the mother's system. The bond between baby and mother can also be strengthened during breastfeeding. Breastfeeding - Benefits for the infant. Breastmilk, when fed directly from the breast, is immediately availabl ...

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Exclusive breastfeeding means feeding a baby nothing but breast milk. Predominant or mixed breastfeeding means feeding breast milk along with some form of substitute – infant formula or baby food and even water, depending upon the age of the child. Babies feed differently with artificial teats than from a breast. When feeding from the breast, the tongue massages the milk out rather than sucking, and the nipple does not go as far into the mouth; when feeding from a bottle, an infant will suck harder. Therefore the advic ...

Read more here: » Breastfeeding: Encyclopedia II - Breastfeeding - Feeding options and requirements

It is not uncommon for a mother and child to have difficulties breastfeeding in the beginning, but most of these problems resolve in the early weeks. A small percentage (between 2 & 3%) of women are unable to provide a full day's calories. It is not known what causes insufficient milk supply, but extended separation at birth, insufficient glandular tissue, and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are all known culprits. Even among this small group, it is feasible to continue breastfeeding while supplementing with donated breastmilk or ...

Read more here: » Breastfeeding: Encyclopedia II - Breastfeeding - Difficulties with breastfeeding

There are many texts available to new mothers to assist in the establishment of breastfeeding. The baby will usually indicate hunger by crying or moaning and fussing. When the baby's cheek is stroked, the baby will move his or her face towards the stroking and open his or her mouth, demonstrating the rooting instinct. Breastfeeding can make the mother thirsty and can last for up to an hour (usually in the early days, when both mother and baby are inexperienced) – it is therefore common for the mother to replace lost water by drinking during the process.

Read more here: » Breastfeeding: Encyclopedia II - Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding method

Dieting, at least for the purposes of this article, is following a diet to lose weight. Other reasons for following a diet include religious and psychological motives and the pursuit of athletic prowess. Certain religions (such as Judaism, Hinduism and Islam) impose strict restrictions on food choices and preparation, in accordance with edict and tradition. Following traditional diets is not dieting per se, but these ...

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The domestication of bananas took place in southeastern Asia. Many species of wild bananas still occur in New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Recent archaeological and palaeoenvironmental evidence at Kuk Swamp in the Western Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea suggests that banana cultivation there goes back to at least 5000 BC, and possibly goes back to 8000 BC. This would make the New Guinean highlands the place where bananas were first domesticated. It is likely that other species of wild bananas were later also domesticat ...

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Bananas are among the most widely consumed foods in the world, and the only fruit to appear in the top ten biggest food crops. However, many banana farmers receive a low price for their produce. Large chain store retailers leverage their size to negotiate lower year round contract prices for bananas. Marketers of bananas thus have reduced their margins which in turn has led to more pressure to lower prices to growers. Dole, Chiquita and Del Monte grow their own bananas in Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Honduras. Banana plantati ...

Read more here: » Banana: Encyclopedia II - Banana - Banana trade