Callimachus

Callimachus (ca. 305 BC- ca. 240 BC) was a Greek poet and grammarian, a native of Cyrene and a descendant of the illustrious house of the Battiadae, whence he was sometimes called Battiades (e.g., in Catullus's 65th poem). He opened a school in the suburbs of Alexandria, and some of the most distinguished grammarians and poets were his pupils, among them Apollonius of Rhodes. He was subsequently appointed by Ptolemy Philadelphus as chief librarian of the Alexandrian library, which office he held till his death (about 240). His ...

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• Callimachus - Bibliography

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Apollonius of Rhodes (Apollonius Rhodius), librarian at Alexandria, was a Greek grammarian and epic poet, who flourished under the Ptolemies Philopator and Epiphanes (222-181 BC). He was the author of Argonautica, a literary epic retelling of ancient material concerning Jason and the Argonauts' quest for the Golden Fleece in the mythic land of Colchis. Born at Alexandria, perhaps about 270 BC, Apollonius was a pupil of Callimachus, with whom he subsequently quarrelled. Callimachus' "Hymn to Apollo", closes with some lines that allude to Apollonius, and dates about 248 or 247 BC, wh ...

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Aratus (Greek Aratos) (ca. 315 BC/310 BC – 240 BC) was a Macedonian Greek poet, known for his technical poetry. Aratus - Biography. He was born in Soli in Cilicia, later spending time at the Syrian court of Antiochus I. His principal patron was the Macedonian king Antigonus II Gonatas, whose victory over the Celts in 277 BC Aratus set to verse. He died in the capital of Macedon, Pella (now located in the periphery of Central Macedonia, Greece). Aratus - Writings. Aratus ...

Including:

• Aratus - Biography
• Aratus - Writings
• Aratus - Later influence

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The Battle of Marathon (490 BC) was the culmination of King Darius I of Persia's first major attempt to conquer the remainder of the Greeks and add them to the Persian Empire, thereby securing the weakest portion of his Western border. Battle of Marathon - Background. Hippias, tyrant of Athens, had been expelled in 510 BC by his people, with the assistance of Cleomenes I, King of Sparta. He fled to the court of Darius to seek assistance. With the failure of the Ionian Revolt (499 BC - 494 BC), Darius ...

Including:

• Battle of Marathon - Background
• Battle of Marathon - Battle
• Battle of Marathon - Aftermath
• Battle of Marathon - Conclusion
• Battle of Marathon - Date of the battle
• Battle of Marathon - Marathon run

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In Greek mythology, Heracles, or Heraklês ("glory of Hera", Ηρακλης) was a divine hero, the demigod son of Zeus and Alcmene, and stepson of Alcmene's rightful husband and great-grandson of Perseus. In Roman mythology he was called Hercules. He was, arguably, the greatest of the mythical Greek heroes, best known for his superhuman strength. Many stories are told of his life, the most famous being The Twelve Labours of Herakles. His Etruscan equivalent was Hercle, a son of Tinia and Uni. He was also ...

Including:

• Heracles - Birth and childhood
• Heracles - Adulthood
• Heracles - The Twelve Labours
• Heracles - Omphale
• Heracles - Hylas
• Heracles - Iole
• Heracles - Killing various giants
• Heracles - Laomedon/Tros
• Heracles - Other adventures
• Heracles - Marriage affairs and death
• Heracles - Acca Larentia
• Heracles - Heracles' male lovers
• Heracles - Modern and ancient interpretations
• Heracles - Spoken-word myths – audio files

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Johann Albrecht Friedrich August Meineke (December 8, 1790 - December 12, 1870), German classical scholar, was born at Soest in Westphalia. After holding educational posts at Jenkau and Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland), he was director of the Joachimsthal gymnasium in Berlin from 1826 to 1856. He died at Berlin on the 12th of December 1870. He was distinguished in conjectural criticism, the comic wri ...

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A column in architecture and structural engineering is part of a structure whose purpose is to transmit through compression the weight of the structure. Other compression members are often termed columns because of the similar stress conditions. Columns can be either compounded of parts or made as a single piece. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. Column - History. In the architecture of ancient Egypt as early as 2600 BC the architect I ...

Including:

• Column - History
• Column - The classical orders in Europe
• Column - Doric order
• Column - Ionic order
• Column - Corinthian order
• Column - Notable columns

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In Greek mythology, Amalthea (Greek Αμαλθεια, "tender") is the most often mentioned among foster-mothers of Zeus. She is sometimes represented as the goat which suckled the infant-god in a cave in Mount Aigaion ("Goat Mountain") in Crete, sometimes as a goat-tending nymph of uncertain parentage (daughter of Oceanus, Haemonius, Olen, or Melisseus), who brought him up on the milk of a goat. In order that Cronus should not hear the wailing of the infant, Amalthea gathered about the cave the Kuretes or the Korybantes to dance and shout and cla ...

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Originally a Phrygian goddess, Cybele (Greek Κυβέλη, sometimes given the etymology "she of the hair" if her name is Greek, not Phrygian, but more widely considered of Luwian origin, from Kubaba; Roman equivalent: Magna Mater or "Great Mother") was a manifestation of the Earth Mother goddess who was worshipped in Anatolia from Neolithic times. Like Gaia or her Minoan equivalent Rhea, Cybele embodies the fertile earth, a goddess of caverns and mountains, walls and fortresses, nature, wild animals (especially lions and bees) ...

Including:

• Cybele - Cult history
• Cybele - Overview: Anatolia Greece and Rome
• Cybele - Anatolian Cybele
• Cybele - Cybele and Attis
• Cybele - Aegean Cybele
• Cybele - Roman Cybele
• Cybele - Notes

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Dionysus or Dionysos (Ancient Greek: Διώνυσος or Διόνυσος; also known as Bacchus in both Greek and Roman mythology and associated with the Italic Liber), the Thracian god of wine, represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its social and beneficent influences. He is viewed as the promoter of civilization, a lawgiver, and lover of peace — as well as the patron deity of both agriculture and the theater. Greeks borrowed Dionysus' figure and within the Olympian tradition he i ...

Including:

• Dionysus - Worship
• Dionysus - Bacchanalia
• Dionysus - Appellations
• Dionysus - Birth
• Dionysus - Childhood
• Dionysus - Midas
• Dionysus - Other stories
• Dionysus - Consorts/Children
• Dionysus - Parallels with Christianity
• Dionysus - Modern interpretations
• Dionysus - Dionysus in Neopaganism
• Dionysus - names with the origin Dionysus
• Dionysus - Bibliography

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Greek mythology comprises the collected narratives of Greek gods, goddesses, heroes, and heroines, originally created and spread within an oral-poetic tradition. Our surviving sources of mythology are literary reworkings of this oral tradition, supplemented by interpretations of iconic imagery, sometimes modern ones, sometimes ancient ones, as myth was a means for later Greeks themselves to throw light on cult practices and traditions that were no longer explicable. The historian must sometimes deduce from hints in imagery, such as in ...

Including:

• Greek mythology - Nature and sources of Greek mythology
• Greek mythology - An overview
• Greek mythology - The age of gods
• Greek mythology - The age of gods and men
• Greek mythology - The age of heroes
• Greek mythology - Theories of origin
• Greek mythology - Did the Greeks believe their myths?
• Greek mythology - Hellenistic rationalism
• Greek mythology - Syncretizing trends
• Greek mythology - Belles and Beaus of Greek Mythology
• Greek mythology - Modern interpreters
• Greek mythology - Greek cosmology
• Greek mythology - Related subjects
• Greek mythology - Sources

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The Corinthian order is one of the Classical orders of Greek and Roman architecture, although it was seldom used in Greek architecture. The other two orders were the Doric and the Ionic. (When classical architecture was revived, two more orders were added to the canon, the Tuscan order and the Composite order.) The Corinthian order was said to have been invented by an architect, Callimachus, who was inspired by the sight of a votive basket that had been left on the grave of a young girl. A few of her toys were in it, and a squa ...

Including:

• Corinthian order - Examples of the Corinthian order:

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Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca. 84 BC-ca. 55 BC) was one of the most influential Roman poets of the 1st century BC. Of Catullus's life, little is known for sure. Most sources, including Suetonius, agree that he was born in or near Verona, though the Palatine Hill of Rome has been mentioned as an alternative nati loci. Although his was a leading equestrian family from Verona, he lived in Rome most of his life. In 57 BC, he accompanied his friend Memmius to Bithynia, where Memmius had received a propraetor's post. Catullus's only political office was one ...

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In Greek mythology, the Titans (Greek Τιταν, plural Τιτανες) are among a series of gods, some of whom opposed Zeus and the Olympian gods in their ascent to power. Others who opposed the gods include the Gigantes, Typhon, and Ophioneus. Greeks of the Classical age knew of several poems about the war between the gods and many of the Titans. The dominant one, and the only one that has survived, was the Theogony attributed to Hesiod. A lost epic Titanomachy attributed to the blind Thracian bard Tham ...

Including:

• Titan mythology - The Titans in Hesiod
• Titan mythology - The Titans in other Greek sources
• Titan mythology - The Titans in the twentieth century
• Titan mythology - Titans in Neopaganism
• Titan mythology - Titans in Modern Literature

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Cyrene, the ancient Greek city (in present-day Libya) was the oldest and most important of the five Greek cities in the region and gave eastern Libya the classical name 'Cyrenaica' that it has retained to modern times. It lies in a lush valley in the Jebel Akhdar uplands. It was named after a spring, Kyre, which the Greeks consecrated to Apollo. Cyrene was founded as a colony of the Greeks of Thera, traditionally led by Aristotle (later called Battus) of Thera, about 630 BC, ten miles from its port, Apollonia (Marsa Sousa). Det ...

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• Cyrene Libya - New discoveries

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A classical order is one of the ancient styles of building design distinguished by their proportions and their characteristic profiles and details, but most quickly recognizable by the type of column and capital employed. Each style also has its proper entablature, consisting of architrave, frieze and cornice. From the 16th century onwards, theorists recognized five orders. Ranged in the engraving (illustration, right), from the stockiest and most primitive to the richest and most slender, they are: Tuscan (Roman) and Doric (Gr ...

Including:

• Classical order - Parts of a column
• Classical order - Measurement
• Classical order - Greek orders
• Classical order - Doric order
• Classical order - Ionic order
• Classical order - Corinthian order
• Classical order - Roman orders
• Classical order - Tuscan order
• Classical order - Composite order
• Classical order - Original writings
• Classical order - Modernist approaches

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In 332 BC Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, conquered Egypt, with little resistance from the Persians. He was welcomed by the Egyptians as a deliverer. He visited Memphis, and went on pilgrimage to the oracle of Amun at the Oasis of Siwa. The oracle declared him to be the son of Amun. He conciliated the Egyptians by the respect which he showed for their religion, but he appointed Greeks to virtually all the senior posts in the country, and founded a new Greek city, Alexandria, to be the new capital. The wealth of Egypt could now be harnessed for Alexander's conquest of the Persian Empire. Early in ...

See also:

History of Greek and Roman Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemaic Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy I, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy II, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Ptolemy III, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - The decline of the Ptolemies, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - The later Ptolemies, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Roman Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Roman rule in Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Christian Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Byzantine Egypt, History of Greek and Roman Egypt - Persian and Arab Conquests

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Greek literature - Poetry. Achaeus of Eretria Agathon Alcman Alcaeus Alexander Aetolus Anacreon Anser Antimachus Anyte of Tegea Apollodorus of Carystus Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica Archilochus Arctinus Arion Aristeas Asius Bacchylides Bion Callimachus Chaeremon Choerilus Choerilus of Iasus< ...

See also:

Greek literature, Greek literature - Ancient Greek literature, Greek literature - Poetry, Greek literature - Drama, Greek literature - Prose, Greek literature - History, Greek literature - Modern Greek literature, Greek literature - See Also

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If we define "liar" to mean that every statement made by a liar is false (so that Epimenides' statement amounts to "Anything said by a Cretan is false"), then the statement "All Cretans are liars," if uttered by the Cretan Epimenides, cannot be consistently true. (And, as will be noted below, according to one interpretation it also cannot be consistently false, either.) The conjunction of "Epimenides said all Cretans are liars" and "Epimenides is a Cretan" would, if true, imply that a Cretan has truthfully asserted that no Cretan has ...

See also:

Epimenides paradox, Epimenides paradox - Logical analysis, Epimenides paradox - History, Epimenides paradox - Sources

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Information architecture often has an emphasis on usability studies and testing for website compliance to community standards. The body that governs web compliance is the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). The W3C attempts to create standards for general use by web programmers and is headed by Tim Berners-Lee, one of the inventors of the World Wide Web. Information architecture - Information architecture and technical writing. With reference to writing for the Web and producing or ...

See also:

Information architecture, Information architecture - Origins, Information architecture - Criticism, Information architecture - Current practice, Information architecture - Information architecture and technical writing

Read more here: » Information architecture: Encyclopedia II - Information architecture - Current practice