Caliph

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Caliph - Origins of the caliphate

Caliph - Sources and references

Read more here: » Caliph: Encyclopedia - Caliph

Caliph: Encyclopedia II - Caliph - Revival of the caliphate Once the subject of intense conflict and rivalry amongst Muslim rulers, the caliphate has lain dormant and largely unclaimed for much of the past 81 years. Though Islam is still a dominant influence in most Muslim societies and many Muslims might favor a caliphate in the abstract, tight restrictions on political activity in many Muslim countries coupled with the tremendous practical obstacles to uniting over fifty disparate nation-states under a single institution have prevented efforts to revive the caliphate from garnering much acti ...

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Caliph: Encyclopedia - Abdallah Almohad Caliph

Abdallah was selected as Caliph of Morocco following the 1223 strangulation of the previous Almohad caliph, Abdul-Wahid I. Abdallah's vizier was Abû Zayd Abî Muhammad ben Abî Hafs, who had previously served his father, Muhammad an-Nasir, and his brother,Yusuf II, as governor of Ifriqiya. During Abdallah's reign, there were two pretenders to the Moroccan throne: his brother Abu al-Ala Idris al-Mamun, supported by Ferdinand III of Castile, and another brother, Yahyâ al-Mu`tasim, supported by the sheikhs of Marrakesh. In 1227, Abdallah was ...

Caliph: Encyclopedia - Abdallah, Almohad Caliph

Abdallah was selected as Caliph of Morocco following the 1223 strangulation of the previous Almohad caliph, Abdul-Wahid I. Abdallah's vizier was Abû Zayd Abî Muhammad ben Abî Hafs, who had previously served his father, Muhammad an-Nasir, and his brother,Yusuf II, as governor of Ifriqiya. During Abdallah's reign, there were two pretenders to the Moroccan throne: his brother Abu al-Ala Idris al-Mamun, supported by Ferdinand III of Castile, and another brother, Yahyâ al-Mu`tasim, supported by the sheikhs of Marrakesh. In 1227, Abdallah was ...

Caliph: Encyclopedia - Yaqub Almohad Caliph

Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur (Arabic: ابو يوسف يعقوب المنصور) (c. 1160 – January 23, 1199), was the third Almohad caliph, succeeding his father Abu Ya'qub Yusuf. He reigned from 1184 until 1199. He died in Marrakech, Morocco. During his reign, he undertook several major projects. He built the Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakech and attempted to build what would have been the world's largest mosque in Rabat. However, construction on the mosque stopped after al-Mansur died. Only the beginnings of the mosque had been completed, including the Hassan Tower. Al-Mansur protected t ...

Caliph: Encyclopedia - Yusuf I Almohad Caliph

Abu Ya'qub Yusuf or Yusuf I (died on July 29, 1184), was the second Almohad caliph. He reigning from 1163 until 1184. ...

Caliph: Encyclopedia - Yusuf II Almohad Caliph

Yusuf II (also Yusuf al-Mustansir, 1197 - 1224) was Caliph of Morocco from 1213 until his death. Son of the previous caliph, Muhammad an-Nasir, Yusuf assumed the throne following his father's death, at the age of only 16 years. Yusuf followed his father in leaving Ifriqiya in the hands of governor Abû Muhammad ben Abî Hafs, further contributing to its eventual breakaway under the Hafsid dynasty. Yusuf was soon challenged for the control of the Maghreb as well as Morocco itself by the growing power of the Merinid dynast ...

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Yusuf II Almohad Caliph - Viziers

Caliph: Encyclopedia - Abdul-Wahid I, Almohad Caliph

Abdul-Wahid I was Caliph of Morocco for less than a year in 1224. Soon after succeeding his father, the Almohad Caliph Yusuf II, to the throne, Abdul-Wahid I was strangled. His vizier, like that of his father and grandfather, was Abû Sa`îd ben Jâm`i. Other related archives1224, Almohad, Caliph of Morocco, Yusuf II, grandfather

Caliph: Encyclopedia - Abdul-Wahid I Almohad Caliph

Abdul-Wahid I was Caliph of Morocco for less than a year in 1224. Soon after succeeding his father, the Almohad Caliph Yusuf II, to the throne, Abdul-Wahid I was strangled. His vizier, like that of his father and grandfather, was Abû Sa`îd ben Jâm`i. Other related archives1224, Almohad, Caliph of Morocco, Yusuf II, grandfather

Caliph: Encyclopedia - Quraish

Quraish (Arabic: قريش) is the Meccan tribe that Muhammad belonged to. Ironically, it was his own tribe that was his chief opponent for most of his life. Quraysh was composed of twelve clans. (ref) Quraish branched out into various tribes, the most famous of whom were Jumah, Sahm, ‘Adi, Makhzum, Tayim, Zahra and the three septs of Qusai bin Kilab: ‘Abdud-Dar bin Qusai, Asad bin ‘Abdul ‘Uzza bin Qusai and ‘Abd Manaf bin Qusai. ‘Abd Manaf branched out into four tribes: ‘Abd Sh ...

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Caliph: Encyclopedia - Abbasid

Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون Abbāsīyūn) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs. It seized power in 750, when it finally defeated the Umayyads in battle, and flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army they had created, the Mamluks. Their rule was finally ended in 1258, when Hulagu Khan, the Mongol conquerer, sacked Baghdad. While they con ...

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Caliph: Encyclopedia - Umayyad

The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic بنو أمية banū umayya / الأمويون al-umawiyyūn); Persian امویان (Omaviyân), Turkish, Emevi, ) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Meccan tribe, the Quraish. The first dynasty reigned from CE 661 to CE 750. Ironically, the clan from which the Umayyads originated had originally been bitter enemies. Umayyad - Umayyad rulers. Muawiyah had been ...

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Umayyad - Umayyad rulers

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Caliph: Encyclopedia - Al-Ma'mun

Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun ibn Harun (786 - October 10, 833) (المأمون) was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 813 until his death in 833. He succeeded his brother al-Amin. Al-Ma'mun - Caliphate. Al-Ma'mun came to power by defeating his brother in battle. The father of the two brothers was Harun al-Rashid who had ordered that al-Amin be his successor and al-Ma'mun be the governor of Khurasan. His mother was Persian. Al-Ma'mun was to succeed al-Amin upon the latter's death. However, al-Amin would igno ...

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Al-Ma'mun - Caliphate

Caliph: Encyclopedia - Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus - Conquest and early years. In 711 AD, a Moorish Islamic army from North Africa invaded Visigoth Hispania. Under their leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, a small force landed at Gibraltar on April 30, 711. After a decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalete on July 19, 711, Tariq ibn-Ziyad brought most of the Iberian Peninsula under Islamic rule in a seven-year campaign. They moved northeast across the Pyrenees but were defeated by the Frank Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours in 732. The Iberian peninsula, exc ...

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Al-Andalus - History

Al-Andalus - Culture

Al-Andalus - Etymology of al-Andalus

Caliph: Encyclopedia - Almohad

The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i.e. "the monotheists" or "the Unitarians," the name being corrupted in Spanish) were a Berber Muslim religious power which founded the fifth Moorish dynasty in the 12th century, and conquered all northern Africa as far as Egypt, together with Muslim Spain. Almohad - Origins. It originated with Ibn Tumart, a member of the Masmuda, a Berber tribe of the Atlas Mountains. Ibn Tumart was the son of a lamplighter in a mosque and had been not ...

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Caliph: Encyclopedia - Córdoba Spain

Córdoba is a city in Andalucía, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. Located at 37.88° North, 4.77° West, on the Guadalquivir river, it was founded in ancient Roman times as Corduba by Claudius Marcellus. Its population is about 321,000 as of 2004. Today a moderately sized modern city, the old town contains many impressive architectural reminders of when Córdoba was the thriving capital of the Caliphate of Cordoba that governed almost all of the Iberian peninsula. Córdoba was the birt ...

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Córdoba Spain - History of Córdoba

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