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calcination

A Wisdom Archive on calcination

calcination

A selection of articles related to calcination

We recommend this article: calcination - 1, and also this: calcination - 2.
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calcination, Calcination

ARTICLES RELATED TO calcination

calcination: The Emerald Tablet and The Emerald Formula

The Emerald Tablet is an ancient artifact that reveals a profound spiritual technology, which has survived to this day despite centuries of effort to suppress it. Encoded within the tablet's mysterious wording is a powerful formula that works in very specific and comprehensible steps on all levels of reality at once -- the physical, the mental, and the spiritual -- and shows us how to achieve personal transformation and even accelerate the evolution of our species. The seven-stepped Emerald Formula is the basis of all the transformations in the Great Work.

Read more here: » Alchemy: The Emerald Tablet and The Emerald Formula

calcination: Encyclopedia - Calcination
Calcination is the process of heating a substance to a high temperature, but below its melting or fusing point, to bring about thermal decomposition or a phase transition in its physical or chemical constitution. The process, which usually takes place in long cylindrical kilns, often has the effect of making a substance friable. The objects of calcination are usually: to drive off water, present as absorbed moisture, as "water of crystallization", or as "water of constitution" (as in the conversion of ferric hydrox ...

Read more here: » Calcination: Encyclopedia - Calcination

calcination: Encyclopedia - Calcium sulfate

Calcium sulfate is a common laboratory and industrial chemical. In its anhydrous form, it is sold as a laboratory desiccant under the name Drierite®. The hemihydrate is better known as plaster of Paris, while the dihydrate occurs naturally as gypsum. Depending on the method of calcination of calcium sulfate dihydrate specific hemihydrates are obtained: alpha-hemihydrate and beta-hemihydrate. Alpha-hemihydrate crystals are more prismatic than beta-hemihydrate crystals and when mixed with

Read more here: » Calcium sulfate: Encyclopedia - Calcium sulfate

calcination: Encyclopedia - Limekiln

A limekiln is a kiln used to produce quicklime by the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2 Although limekilns were used in the production of lime mortar in Ancient Egypt and later by the Greeks and Babylonians, the Romans favored instead to produce their mortars from pozzolanic ash. Limekilns seem to have come into regular use about the 18th century. The larger stones were used for building but the sm ...

Read more here: » Limekiln: Encyclopedia - Limekiln

calcination: Encyclopedia - Bone char

Bone char, also known as bone black or animal charcoal, is a granular black material produced by calcinating animal bones: the bones are heated to high temperatures in the absence of air to drive off volatile substances. It consists mainly of calcium phosphate and a small amount of carbon. Bone char has a very high surface area and a high absorptive capacity for lead, mercury, and arsenic. Bone char - Uses. Bone char is used to remove fluoride from water and to filter aquarium water.Including:

Read more here: » Bone char: Encyclopedia - Bone char

calcination: Encyclopedia II - Gypsum - Chemical structure

Heating gypsum to between 100°C and 150°C (302°F) partially dehydrates the mineral by driving off exactly 75% of the water contained in its chemical structure. The temperature and time needed depend on ambiant partial pressure of H2O. Temperatures as high as 170°C are used in industrial calcination, but at these temperatures the anhydrite begins to be formed. The reaction for the partial dehydration is: CaSO4·2H2O + heat → CaSO4 ...

See also:

Gypsum, Gypsum - Chemical structure, Gypsum - Occurrence, Gypsum - Uses, Gypsum - External link, Gypsum - Place names

Read more here: » Gypsum: Encyclopedia II - Gypsum - Chemical structure

calcination: Encyclopedia II - Red lead - Preparation

Lead tetroxide is prepared by calcination of lead(II) oxide in air at about 450 to 480 °C: 6 PbO + O2 → 2 Pb3O4 The resulting material is contaminated with lead(II) oxide. If a pure compoun is desired, PbO can be removed by a potassium hydroxide solution: Another method of preparation relies on annealing of lead carbonate (cerussite) in air: 6 PbCO3 + O2 → 2 Pb3See also:

Red lead, Red lead - Preparation, Red lead - Chemical properties, Red lead - Use, Red lead - Physiological effects, Red lead - Ecological issues, Red lead - Historic note

Read more here: » Red lead: Encyclopedia II - Red lead - Preparation

calcination: Encyclopedia - Bone china

Bone china is a British porcelain in which calcined ox bone is added to the body, which gives a very white colour. This was first used by Thomas Frye in 1748 to make a type of soft-paste porcelain. In the late 18th century, Josiah Spode adopted it and mixed it with china clay and stone to make a harder version to compete with the importation of Oriental porcelain. It is first fired to a translucent state without a glaze at 1280°C (2336°F) and then glaze-fire ...

Including:

Read more here: » Bone china: Encyclopedia - Bone china

calcination: Encyclopedia - Umber

Umber is a natural brown clay pigment which contains iron and manganese oxides. The color becomes more intense when calcined (heated), and the resulting pigment is called burnt umber. The name derives from Umbria, a mountainous region of central Italy, but it is found in many parts of the world. Some of the finest umber comes from Cyprus. It has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. Chemical formula: Fe2O3 + MnO2 + nH2O + Si + Al2O3 See also: sienna, ochre, clay earth pigment < ...

Including:

Read more here: » Umber: Encyclopedia - Umber

calcination: Encyclopedia - Calx

Calx is a residual substance, sometimes in the form of a fine powder, that is left when a metal or mineral combusts or is calcinated due to heat. Calx, especially of a metal, is now known as an oxide. According to the Phlogiston theory, the calx is the true elemental substance, having lost its phlogiston in the process of combustion. Calx - Miscellaneous Information. UK Electronic Music artist, Aphex Twin (Richard David James) named some of his songs after different ...

Including:

Read more here: » Calx: Encyclopedia - Calx

calcination: Encyclopedia II - Yopo - Usage

Black beans from these trees are toasted, pulverized and mixed with ashes or calcined shells to make psychedelic snuff called Yopo by Indians in Orinoco basin in Colombia, Venezuela and possibly in Southern part of Brazilian Amazon. Yopo is blown into the nostrils through bamboo tubes or snuffed by birdbone tubes. Active Constituents: Bufotenin, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT and related compounds. Most newer analyses indicate that Bufotenin i ...

See also:

Yopo, Yopo - Related Species, Yopo - Usage, Yopo - Books

Read more here: » Yopo: Encyclopedia II - Yopo - Usage

calcination: Encyclopedia II - Potassium - History

Potassium was discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy, who derived it from caustic potash (KOH). Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis. Potassium was not known in Roman times, and its names are not Classical Latin. The name kalium was taken from the word "alkali", which came from Arabic al qalīy = "the calcined ashes". The name potassium was made from the word "potash", which is English, and originally meant an alkali extracted in a pot from the ...

See also:

Potassium, Potassium - Notable characteristics, Potassium - Applications, Potassium - History, Potassium - Occurrence, Potassium - Isotopes, Potassium - Precautions, Potassium - Potassium in diet

Read more here: » Potassium: Encyclopedia II - Potassium - History

calcination: Encyclopedia II - Robot Monster - Plot

The plot centers around a group of six humans who are among the only eight survivors of a disaster that wipes out all other members of the human race. These six humans include five members of a family and a scientist who is not related to the family members. The other two survivors, for a total of eight, are not shown, but are mentioned as being in a spacecraft. An evil, indestructible alien called "Ro-Man", whose costume: a gorilla suit with a sea-diving helmet, has become legendary in itself, used his "Calcinator" death ray to destroy huma ...

See also:

Robot Monster, Robot Monster - Plot, Robot Monster - Production, Robot Monster - Dissenting opinions, Robot Monster - References in popular culture

Read more here: » Robot Monster: Encyclopedia II - Robot Monster - Plot

calcination: Encyclopedia II - Marine biology - Reefs

Reefs comprise some of the densest habitats in the world by number of species per area. They can be incredibly diverse, even cold water reefs. The best-known are tropical reefs which exist in most tropical waters. Reefs are built up by coral and other calcined deposits, usually on top of a rocky outcrop on the ocean floor. Reefs can also grow on other surfaces, which has made it possible to create artificial reefs. Much attention in marine biology is focused on coral reefs and the El Niño weather phenomenon. In 1998, coral reefs expe ...

See also:

Marine biology, Marine biology - Overview, Marine biology - Subfields, Marine biology - Related fields, Marine biology - Lifeforms, Marine biology - Microscopic life, Marine biology - Plant life, Marine biology - Other sea life, Marine biology - Fish, Marine biology - Marine mammals, Marine biology - Reefs, Marine biology - Deep sea and trenches, Marine biology - How oceanic factors affect distribution of various organisms, Marine biology - Famous marine biologists

Read more here: » Marine biology: Encyclopedia II - Marine biology - Reefs

calcination: Encyclopedia - Carbonate

Carbonate is an anion with a charge of -2 and an empirical formula of CO32-. For an aqueous solution, carbonate exists in three forms. In strongly basic conditions, the carbonate ion, CO32-, predominates. In weakly basic conditions, bicarbonate ion, HCO3- is prevalent. In acid conditions, aqueous carbon dioxide, CO2(aq), is the main form. This also contains a minute amount of carbonic acid, H2CO3. Thus sodium carbonate is basic, sodium bicarbonate is weakly ba ...

Read more here: » Carbonate: Encyclopedia - Carbonate

calcination: Encyclopedia - Et-Tell

Et-Tell is an archaeological site in Israel that is popularly thought to be the Biblical city of Ai. Et-Tell - Location and identification. The site of et-Tell (Arabic for "the ruin-heap") is about 3 km east of the modern village of Beitin (Bethel), atop a watershed plateau overlooking the Jordan Valley and the city of Jericho 14 km east. Edward Robinson suggested in 1838 that et-Tell could be the location of the Biblical city of Ai, as did Charles Wilson in 1866, on the evidence of Biblical r ...

Including:

Read more here: » Et-Tell: Encyclopedia - Et-Tell

calcination: Encyclopedia - Calcium oxide

General Physical Thermochemistry Safety SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as lime, quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic and alkaline crystalline solid. As a commercial product lime often also contains magnesium oxide, silicon oxide an ...

Read more here: » Calcium oxide: Encyclopedia - Calcium oxide

calcination: Encyclopedia - Geber

Jabir Ibn Hayyan (full name Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan Al-Azdi, أبو موسى جابر بن حيان الأزدي; ca.721, Tus, Iran – 815, Kufa, Iraq), known in Europe by the Latinized name Geber, was one of the most notable Islamic alchemists. His books strongly influenced European alchemists and justified their search for the philosopher's stone. He is credited with the invention of many types of now-basic chemical laboratory equipment, and with the discovery and description of many now-commonplace chemical substan ...

Including:

Read more here: » Geber: Encyclopedia - Geber

calcination: Mysticism Magick Dictionary on ALCHEMY

ALCHEMY

Chemistry is the child of the Alchemists. It's the legacy of "the puffers," those charlatan imitators who tried to fake the production of real gold. Alchemy was called "the Hermetic Science" because it supposedly began with Hermes (or Thoth). Paracelsus saw it chiefly as a means of producing medicine. The classical goals of Alchemy, however, have been to transmute lower metals into gold, to prolong life via an elixir, to search for the Mysterium Magnum, to create a homunculus and to find a universal solvent. This was to be accomplished via the manufacture or discovery of the Lapis Philosophorum, The Sophic Hydrolith, "Our Mercury" or "Philosopher's Stone." Other names for the "Stone" (achieved through the hieros gamos "marriage" of opposites) are: Virgin's Milk, Cock's Egg, Dry Water and similar contradictions. Generally, a cryptic vocabulary is used to disguise psychological and materialistic parallels, e.g. "red lion", "nigredo", etc. There are supposedly seven stages of the alchemical Great Work, which are symbolical as well as chemical/metallurgical steps: Calcination, Putrefaction, Solution, Distillation, Conjunction, Sublimation and Philosophic Congelation. There are also minor, intermediary steps, such as Coloratio, Corrosio, Ceratio, Extractio, Separatio etc.

 

We should bear in mind, however, that true alchemists consider the Great Work to be not merely aureofaction or the transmogrification of matter, but rather, as Alice Bailey points out "to transfer consciousness to one of the higher vehicles..." In other words, the integrity of the inner transformation is more important than any flashy theatrical results.

 

According to some theories alchemy is the raising of vibrations. The vegetable kingdom resonates at the lowest level. In between vibrates the animal kingdom. It is for this reason that the extraction of plant essence is easy, while the extraction of mineral essence is extremely difficult. This is also why man, situated midway between the two kingdoms, can, by simultaneously distilling his own essence, assist the mineral.

 

From a psychological standpoint, any work, on the most general level, is the process of separating the important from the non-essential and the decision as to whether to continue further to distill that residue to any degree of perfection and finally the determination of when the whole is of a piece and completely finished. This process can apply to a work of art, to self-analysis, to the quest for the elixir of life or even, for that matter, to metallurgy - because (according to the Emerald Tablet) all things are one.

 

It is no accident or coincidence, for instance, that there is a correlation between the atomic numbers of modern physics and the ancient progression of metals in their metamorphosis into gold:

                Lead          82

                Thallium      81

                Mercury       80

                Gold          79

                Platinum      78

 

 

The most important alchemical instruction is "Solve et Coagula", but an even more specific hint is "Flee contraction, seek dispersion."

 

 

 

(See also: ALCHEMY, Magick, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul, )

 

calcination: Encyclopedia II - Geber - Contributions to chemistry

Jabir is often called "Father of Chemistry", because he was the first scholar to scientifically systematize that science, to whose theory and practice he made many noteworthy contributions. In spite of his leanings toward mysticism (he was considered a Sufi) and superstition, he more clearly recognized and proclaimed the importance of experimentation. "The first essential in chemistry," he declared, "is that you should perform practical work and conduct experiments, for he who performs not practical work nor makes experim ...

See also:

Geber, Geber - Biography, Geber - Contributions to chemistry, Geber - Contributions to alchemy, Geber - Writings by Jabir, Geber - Translated work of Jabir

Read more here: » Geber: Encyclopedia II - Geber - Contributions to chemistry

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