Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων Roman (Byzantine) Empire Motto: Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων Βασιλεύων Βασιλευόντων (Greek: King of Kings Ruling Over Rulers) The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. In certain s ...

Including:

• Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness
• Byzantine Empire - Origin
• Byzantine Empire - Early history
• Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I
• Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival
• Byzantine Empire - Golden era
• Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the Crusaders
• Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline
• Byzantine Empire - The Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance
• Byzantine Empire - Bibliography

Read more here: » Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire

See also:

Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness, Byzantine Empire - Origin, Byzantine Empire - Early history, Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I, Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival, Byzantine Empire - Golden era, Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the crusaders, Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline, Byzantine Empire - Decline and fall of the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance, Byzantine Empire - Economy, Byzantine Empire - Science, Byzantine Empire - Religion, Byzantine Empire - Bibliography

Read more here: » Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance

It is said history is written by the winners, and no better example of this statement is shown in the treatment of the Byzantine Empire in history. It is an empire resented by Western Europe, as shown by the sacking of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade. A popular American university textbook4 on medieval history that circulated in the 1960s and 1970s, has this to say in the only paragraph in the book devoted to "Byzantium": The history of Byzantium is a study in disappointment. The empire centering on Constantinopl ...

See also:

Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness, Byzantine Empire - Origin, Byzantine Empire - Early history, Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I, Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival, Byzantine Empire - Golden era, Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the Crusaders, Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline, Byzantine Empire - The Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance, Byzantine Empire - Bibliography

Read more here: » Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance

"Byzantium may be defined as a multi-ethnic empire that emerged as a Christian empire, soon comprised the Hellenized empire of the East and ended its thousand year history, in 1453, as a Greek Orthodox state: An empire that became a nation, almost by the modern meaning of the word".1 In the centuries following the Arab and Lombard conquests in the 7th century, its multi-ethnic (albeit not multi-national) nature remained even though its constituent parts in the Balkans and Asia Minor contained an overwhelmingly large Greek p ...

See also:

Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Identity, continuity, and consciousness, Byzantine Empire - Origin, Byzantine Empire - Early history, Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I, Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival, Byzantine Empire - Golden era, Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the Crusaders, Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline, Byzantine Empire - The Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance, Byzantine Empire - Bibliography

Read more here: » Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine Empire - Identity, continuity, and consciousness

The word Byzantine refers to: A citizen of the Byzantine Empire, or a native Greek during the middle ages. (See also: Names of the Greeks) The Byzantine Empire. List of Byzantine emperors, of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. The ancient city of Byzantium The Greek language during the Middle Ages A manner of speech and bearing - see Derogatory use of 'Byzantine' Byzantine art Byzantine architecture Byzantine faul

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Byzantine music is the music of the Byzantine Empire and by extension the music of its culture(s) as they continued in the Orthodox Christian parts of the population after the fall of the empire to the rule of the Ottoman Empire. Byzantine music - The extent of Byzantine music culture vs. liturgical chant proper. The term Byzantine music is commonly associated with what should more correctly be termed the medieval sacred chant of Christian Churches following the Orthodox rite. The identificati ...

Including:

• Byzantine music - The extent of Byzantine music culture vs. liturgical chant proper
• Byzantine music - Origins and Early Christian Period
• Byzantine music - Medieval Period
• Byzantine music - Later Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Periods

Read more here: » Byzantine music: Encyclopedia - Byzantine music

This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was officially Augustus, although various other titles such as Dominus were used as well. For official purposes, their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar Flavius and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title became the Greek Basileus (Gr. Βασιλευς), which had formerly meant "king" but now was used in place of Augustus. Other (and to Roman minds, lesser) kings were titled by the neologi ...

Including:

• List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

Read more here: » List of Byzantine Emperors: Encyclopedia - List of Byzantine Emperors

The Byzantine Empire had a complex system of aristocracy and bureaucracy. Most of the offices and titles were honorifics only, as the emperor was the sole ruler. Over the more than 1000 years of the empire's existence, different titles were adopted and discarded, and many lost or gained prestige. At first the various titles of the empire were the same as those in the late Roman Empire, as the Byzantine Empire was not yet distinguished from Rome. By the time of Heraclius in the 7th century many of the titles had become obsolete; by the time o ...

Including:

• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Aristocratic titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Imperial titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Court titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Military titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Army
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Navy
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Other military titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Administrative titles
• Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy - Sources

Read more here: » Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy: Encyclopedia - Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy

Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine empire. The empire emerged gradually after AD 330, when Constantine moved the capital of the Roman empire to Byzantium, which was later renamed Constantinople and is now Istanbul. Byzantine architecture - General considerations. Early Byzantine architecture is essentially a continuation of Roman architecture. Prime examples survive mostly in Ravenna and Constantinople and include the churches of St Irene, St Sophia, and Sts Sergius and Bakchus, the ...

Including:

• Byzantine architecture - General considerations
• Byzantine architecture - Detailed description
• Byzantine architecture - Byzantine influence
• Byzantine architecture - Essential monuments

Read more here: » Byzantine architecture: Encyclopedia - Byzantine architecture

The Western Roman Empire is the name given to the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286 AD. It would exist intermittently in several periods between the 3rd Century and the 5th Century, after Diocletian's Tetrarchy and the reunifications associated with Constantine the Great. Theodosius the Great was the last Roman Emperor who ruled both east and west, and he died in 395 AD. After him the Roman Empire was definitably divided and the Western Roman Empire ended with the abdication of Romulus Augustus under pressur ...

Including:

• Western Roman Empire - Early Cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West
• Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences
• Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century
• Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty
• Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West
• Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great
• Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division
• Western Roman Empire - The origins of the theological Great East-West Schism
• Western Roman Empire - Permanent division
• Western Roman Empire - Economic factors
• Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome
• Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest
• Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome
• Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors

Read more here: » Western Roman Empire: Encyclopedia - Western Roman Empire

An empire (also known technically, abstractly or disparagingly as an imperium, and with powers known among Romans as "imperium") comprises a set of regions locally ruled by governors, viceroys or client kings in the name of an emperor. By extension, one could classify as an empire any large, multi-ethnic state ruled from a single center. Like other states, an empire maintains its political structure at least partly by coercion. Land-based empires (such as Mongol or Achaemenid Persia) tend to extend in a contiguous area; sea-bor ...

Including:

• Empire - European Imperialism
• Empire - Imperialism
• Empire - Modern empires
• Empire - Historical empires with approximate dates
• Empire - Notes
• Empire - External link

Read more here: » Empire: Encyclopedia - Empire

Just as the Byzantine Empire (Gr. Βυζαντινή Αυτοκρατορία or, more properly, Βασιλεία Ρωμαίων) was a continuation of the Roman Empire, so the Byzantine army was an outgrowth of the earlier Roman structure. Provinces (provinciae) were originally under civilian ju ...

See also:

Byzantine army, Byzantine army - The Armies of the Early Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army - The System of Diocletian and Constantine, Byzantine army - The Armies of Justinian and his successors, Byzantine army - The Armies of the Middle Byzantine Period, Byzantine army - The Themata, Byzantine army - The Imperial Tagmata, Byzantine army - Foreign and Mercenary Soldiers, Byzantine army - The Reforms of Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine army - The Armies of the Late Byzantine Period, Byzantine army - The Armies of the Realms-in-Exile, Byzantine army - Byzantine Army under the Paleologi, Byzantine army - Byzantine military philosophy

Read more here: » Byzantine army: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine army - The Armies of the Early Byzantine Empire

Several states claiming to be the Roman Empire's successor arose, before as well as after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. The Holy Roman Empire, an attempt to resurrect the Empire in the West, was established in 800 when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as Roman Emperor on Christmas Day, though the empire and the imperial office did not become formalized for some decades. After the fall of Constantinople, the Russian Empire, as inheritor of the Byzantine Empire's Orthodox Christian tradition, counted itself as the th ...

See also:

Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Historians' viewpoints on the evolution of Imperial Rome, Roman Empire - Age of Augustus 31 BC–AD 14, Roman Empire - Political developments, Roman Empire - Cultural developments, Roman Empire - Sources, Roman Empire - Julio-Claudian dynasty: Augustus' heirs, Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Roman Empire - Flavian Dynasty, Roman Empire - Five Good Emperors - The Antonine Dynasty 96 – 180, Roman Empire - Commodus 180–192, Roman Empire - Severan dynasty 193–235, Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century 235–284, Roman Empire - Tetrarchy 285–324 and Constantine the Great 324-337, Roman Empire - The Empire after Constantine 337–395, Roman Empire - The sons of Constantine 337–361, Roman Empire - Under Julian & Jovian 361–364, Roman Empire - Valentinian Dynasty 364–392, Roman Empire - Battle of Adrianople 378, Roman Empire - Disturbed peace in the West 383, Roman Empire - The Empire becoming Christian, Roman Empire - Theodosian Dynasty 392–395, Roman Empire - The End of the Western Empire 395–476, Roman Empire - The Byzantine Empire 395–1461, Roman Empire - Legacy of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire - Roman Provinces, Roman Empire - Emperors, Roman Empire - Ancient Historians of the Empire, Roman Empire - Latin Literature of the Empire

Read more here: » Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Roman Empire - Legacy of the Roman Empire

The term often refers to the Exarchate of Ravenna, which governed the area of Italy that remained under Byzantine control after the reconquest by Belisarius for Justinian. The Byzantine Exarchs of Africa nominally governed Sardinia and Corsica. Ravenna had become the capital of the western Roman Empire in 404 under Honorius. It remained the capital of Italy under the Ostrogoths, and after the reconquest became the seat of the provincial governor (539). Ravenna remained the seat of the Exarch until the revolt of 727 over Iconoclasm. Th ...

See also:

Exarch, Exarch - Byzantine Empire, Exarch - Ecclestiastical Exarchates, Exarch - Orthodox Churches, Exarch - Bulgarian Exarchate, Exarch - Catholic, Exarch - Fictional uses

Read more here: » Exarch: Encyclopedia II - Exarch - Byzantine Empire

Several times throughout the middle ages, the eastern Byzantine Empire managed to reconquer large areas of the west which had been occupied by barbarian tribes. The first such case was the campaigns of the Byzantine generals Belisarius and Narses on behalf of the Emperor Justinian I from 535 to 554. Regaining much of the then Vandal occupied former Roman territory in North Africa, particularly the territory centred around the city of Carthage, the campaign eventually moved into Italy itself, eventually reconquering the entirety of the peninsula, with some minor territory being take ...

See also:

Western Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire - Early Cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West, Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century, Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty, Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West, Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great, Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division, Western Roman Empire - The origins of the theological Great East-West Schism, Western Roman Empire - Permanent division, Western Roman Empire - Economic factors, Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome, Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest, Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome, Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors

Read more here: » Western Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest

Several times throughout the middle ages, the eastern Byzantine Empire managed to reconquer large areas of the West which had been occupied by several barbarian tribes. The greatest success were the campaigns of the Byzantine generals Belisarius and Narses on behalf of the Emperor Justinian I from 535 AD to 554 AD. Much of the then Vandal occupied former Roman territory in North Africa was regained, particularly the territory centred around the city of Carthage. The campaign eventually moved into Italy itself, eventually reconquering it completly, with some minor territory being take ...

See also:

Western Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire - Early cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West, Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West, Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century, Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty, Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great, Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism, Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division, Western Roman Empire - Final division, Western Roman Empire - Economic factors, Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome, Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest, Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome, Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors

Read more here: » Western Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest

Artistic forms characteristic of Byzantine art began to develop in the Roman Empire as early as the 4th century, as the classical tradition declined in vitality and eastern influences were more widely felt. The founding of Constantinople in 324 created a great new artistic centre for the eastern half of the Empire, and a specifically Christian one. But other artistic traditions flourished in rival cities such as Alexandria and Antioch, as well as Rome. It was not until all of these cities had fallen - the first two to the Arabs and Rome to the Goths - that ...

See also:

Byzantine art, Byzantine art - Introduction, Byzantine art - Periods, Byzantine art - Legacy

Read more here: » Byzantine art: Encyclopedia II - Byzantine art - Periods

As the Western Roman Empire crumbled, the barbarian warlords who had conquered the provinces felt compelled to uphold many Roman laws and traditions. These "barbarians" were already christians, but most of them were followers of the Arian Heresy. Wisely, they quickly converted to the roman catholic faith gaining more loyalty by the local romanized population and at the same time recognition and support by the powerful Roman Catholic Church. Altough they initially continued to obey tribal l ...

See also:

Western Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire - Early Cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West, Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century, Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty, Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West, Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great, Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division, Western Roman Empire - The origins of the theological Great East-West Schism, Western Roman Empire - Permanent division, Western Roman Empire - Economic factors, Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome, Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest, Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome, Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors

Read more here: » Western Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome

As the Western Roman Empire crumbled, the barbarian warlords who had conquered the provinces felt compelled to uphold many Roman laws and traditions. These "barbarians" were already christians, but most of them were followers of Arianism. Wisely, they quickly converted to the roman catholic faith gaining more loyalty by the local romanized population and at the same time recognition and support by the powerful Roman Catholic Church. Altough they initially continued to obey tribal l ...

See also:

Western Roman Empire, Western Roman Empire - Early cultural Differences and Divisions between East and West, Western Roman Empire - Two military Danger Zones Rebellions Uprisings and political consequences, Western Roman Empire - Economic stagnation in the West, Western Roman Empire - Crisis of the 3rd Century, Western Roman Empire - The Tetrarchies and the Constantine Dynasty, Western Roman Empire - Constantine the Great, Western Roman Empire - Origins of the theological Great East-West Schism, Western Roman Empire - Reunification Eastern focus and re-division, Western Roman Empire - Final division, Western Roman Empire - Economic factors, Western Roman Empire - Fall of Rome, Western Roman Empire - Byzantine reconquest, Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome, Western Roman Empire - List of western Roman emperors

Read more here: » Western Roman Empire: Encyclopedia II - Western Roman Empire - The legacy and the final conquest of Rome

The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in human history. The 12th and 13th century, when the empire came to power, is often called the "Age of the Mongols". The Mongol armies during that time were extremely well organized. The death toll (by battle, massacre, flooding, and famine) of the Mongol wars of conquest is placed at about 40 million according to some sources. Non-military achievements of the Mongol Empire include the introduction of a writing system, based on the Uighur script, and the same is still used in Inner ...

See also:

Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Overview, Mongol Empire - Formation, Mongol Empire - Major events in the Early Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Organization, Mongol Empire - Military setup, Mongol Empire - Law and governance, Mongol Empire - Trade networks, Mongol Empire - After Genghis Khan, Mongol Empire - Disintegration, Mongol Empire - Silk Road, Mongol Empire - Legacy, Mongol Empire - Sources

Read more here: » Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mongol Empire - Legacy