Buwayhid

The Buwayhids or Buyyids or Āl-i Buyeh, were a Shi'ite tribal confederation from Daylam, a region on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. In pre-Islamic times they had served as mercenaries for the Sasanian kings of Iran, but were independent from their rule. They were considered a formidable military force, especially because of their ability as foot soldiers. Succession of power was hereditary, with fathers dividing their land among their sons. During the time of Harun al-Rashid, the Alid people sought refuge ...

Including:

• Buwayhid - Buwayhid amirs
• Buwayhid - Major amirs
• Buwayhid - Minor Rulers

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Buwayhid - Major amirs. Generally, the three most powerful Buwayhid amirs at any given time were those in control of Fars, Jibal and Iraq. Sometimes a ruler would come to rule more than one region, but no Buwayhid amir ever gained control of all three regions. Diylamids of Fars Emad o-dowleh Abol Hasan 934-949 Azod o-dowleh 949-983 Sharaf o-dowleh 983-989 Samsam o-dowleh 989-998 Baha o-dowleh 998-1012 Soltan o-dowleh 1012-1024 Emad o-dowleh Abu Kalijar 1024-1048 Malek Rahim Abu Nasr Khosrow Firuz 104 ...

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Buwayhid, Buwayhid - Buwayhid amirs, Buwayhid - Major amirs, Buwayhid - Minor Rulers

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Al-Mustakfi (Arabic: المستكفى ) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 944 to 946. He was installed by Tuzun, a Turkish general who disposed and blinded the previous Caliph al-Muttaqi. Buwayhid dynasty began threatening the Capital. Tuzun, with the Caliph, marched to Wasit and defeated them. The tribute due from Mosul being withheld, Tuzun also marched against the Hamdanids; but, after f ...

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Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr Al-Khujandi was a Persian astronomer who lived in the late 10th century and helped build an observatory near in what is now Ray, Iran near Tehran. He was born in Khudzhand ( now Tajikistan ) about 940 and died in 1000. The few facts about al-Khujandi's life that are known come from both his surviving writings and comments made by Nasir al-din al-Tusi. From al-Tusi's comments it is fairly certain that al-Khujandi was one of the rulers of the Mongol tribe in the Khudzhand ...

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Al-Qa'im (Arabic: القائم) (d. 1075) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1031 to 1075. He was the son of the previous Caliph al-Qadir. During the first half of al-Qa'im's long reign, hardly a day passed in the Capital without turmoil. Frequently the city was left without a ruler; the Buwayhid ruler was often forced to fly for safety from his Capital. Meanwhile the Seljuk dynasty arose. Toghrül overran Syria and Armenia. He then cast an eye upon Baghdad. It was at a moment when the city was in the last agony of violence ...

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The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). Persia's earliest known kingdom was the proto-Elamite Empire, followed by the Medes; but it is the Achaemenid Empire that emerged under Cyrus the Great that is usually the earliest to be called "Persian." Successive states in Iran before 1935 are collectively called the Persian Empire by Western historians. Persian Empire - The name Persia. Persia has long ...

Including:

• Persian Empire - The name Persia
• Persian Empire - The rise and fall of empires in Persia
• Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC-330 BC
• Persian Empire - Hellenistic Persia 330 BC-150 BC
• Persian Empire - Parthian Persia 150 BC-AD 226
• Persian Empire - Sassanid Persia AD 226-650
• Persian Empire - Islam and Persia 650-1219
• Persian Empire - Persia under the Turkic rule 1037-1219
• Persian Empire - Persia under the Mongols and their successors 1219-1500
• Persian Empire - A new Persian empire: the Safavids 1500-1722
• Persian Empire - Persia and Europe 1722-1914
• Persian Empire - Persia in World War One 1914-1918
• Persian Empire - Persia after World War One 1919-1935
• Persian Empire - List of Kings and Emperors of Persia

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Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam
Including:

• History of Islam - Introduction
• History of Islam - Note on early Islamic historiography
• History of Islam - Muhammad
• History of Islam - The spread of Islam
• History of Islam - The Fitna
• History of Islam - The Second Fitna
• History of Islam - The zenith of Islamic power
• History of Islam - The decline of political unity
• History of Islam - The Ottoman empire
• History of Islam - Three Muslim empires
• History of Islam - The 20th century
• History of Islam - The end of World War I: European powers control the Middle East
• History of Islam - The end of the Caliphate and the rise of the Saudis
• History of Islam - Partition of India and establishment of Pakistan
• History of Islam - The creation of the state of Israel
• History of Islam - Oil wealth and petropolitics dominate the Middle East
• History of Islam - Two Iranian revolutions
• History of Islam - Present day
• History of Islam - Reformist Islam vs. Islamism
• History of Islam - Islamism the U.S. and the battle for oil wealth
• History of Islam - Chronology
• History of Islam - Dynasties of Islamic Rulers
• History of Islam - References and further reading

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Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (also: Ibn al Haythen), (965-1040), was a mathematician; he is sometimes called al-Basri, after his birthplace Basrah, Iraq. Alhazen - Life. Alhazen was born at Basra, then part of Buwayhid Persia, now part of Iraq (See [1] and [2]), and probably died in Cairo, Egypt. One account of his career has him summoned to Egypt by the mercurial caliph Hakim to regulate the flooding of the Nile. After his field work made him aware of the impracticality of t ...

Including:

• Alhazen - Life
• Alhazen - Works
• Alhazen - Optics
• Alhazen - Other Alhazens
• Alhazen - Bibliography

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Al-Qadir (Arabic: القادر) (d. 1031) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 991 to 1031. Grandson of al-Muqtadir, he was chosen in place of the deposed Caliph, at-Ta'i, his cousin. Banished from the Capital earlier, he was now recalled and appointed to the office he had long desired. He held the Caliphate for 40 years. It was during his Caliphate that Mahmud of Ghaznavid arose, threatening the West; and but for the conflicts that broke out in Mahmud's family upon his death, the Buwayhid kingdom, paralysed by damaging war, would h

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Al-Ta'i was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 974 to 991. Very little is known about his personal and official life. During his Caliphate, Syria was torn by contending factions — Fatimid, Turkish, and Carmathian; while the Buwayhid dynasyty was split up into parties that were fighting among themselves. After holding the office for seventeen years, al-Ta'i was deposed and cast into captivity by a Buwayhid rule ...

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa, Lists of office-holders - Other Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Other Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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The modern age brought radical technological and organizational changes to Europe and Islamic countries found themselves less modern when compared to the many western nations. Europe's state-based government and rampant colonization allowed the West to dominate the globe economically and forced Islamic countries to question change. History of Islam - The end of World War I: European powers control the Middle East. Islamic territories were granted at least nominal independence after the end of the First Wor ...

See also:

History of Islam, History of Islam - Introduction, History of Islam - Note on early Islamic historiography, History of Islam - Muhammad, History of Islam - The spread of Islam, History of Islam - The Fitna, History of Islam - The Second Fitna, History of Islam - The zenith of Islamic power, History of Islam - The decline of political unity, History of Islam - The Ottoman empire, History of Islam - Three Muslim empires, History of Islam - The 20th century, History of Islam - The end of World War I: European powers control the Middle East, History of Islam - The end of the Caliphate and the rise of the Saudis, History of Islam - Partition of India and establishment of Pakistan, History of Islam - The creation of the state of Israel, History of Islam - Oil wealth and petropolitics dominate the Middle East, History of Islam - Two Iranian revolutions, History of Islam - Present day, History of Islam - Reformist Islam vs. Islamism, History of Islam - Islamism the U.S. and the battle for oil wealth, History of Islam - Chronology, History of Islam - Dynasties of Islamic Rulers, History of Islam - References and further reading

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Persians had a great influence on their conquerors. The caliphs adopted many Sassanid administrative practices, such as coinage, the office of vizier, or minister, and the divan, a bureaucracy for collecting taxes and giving state stipends. Indeed, Persians themselves largely became the administrators. The caliphs adopted Sassanid court dress and ceremony. In terms of architecture Islamic architecture borrowed he ...

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Arabization and Islamicization in post-conquest Iran, Arabization and Islamicization in post-conquest Iran - Iranian culture after Islam, Arabization and Islamicization in post-conquest Iran - Persian influence on the Islamic Culture, Arabization and Islamicization in post-conquest Iran - Social relations

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The first systematic observations in Islam are reported to have taken place under the patronage of al-Mamun. Here, and in many other private observatories from Damascus to Baghdad, meridian degrees were measured, solar parameters were established, and detailed observations of the Sun, Moon, and planets were undertaken. In the 10th century, the Buwayhid dynasty encouraged the undertaking of extensive works in Astronomy, such as the construction of a large scale instrument with which observations were made in the year 950CE. We know of ...

See also:

Islamic astronomy, Islamic astronomy - Celestial passages in the Quran, Islamic astronomy - Observatories, Islamic astronomy - Instruments, Islamic astronomy - Celestial globes, Islamic astronomy - Astrolabes, Islamic astronomy - Sundials, Islamic astronomy - Quadrants, Islamic astronomy - Equatoria, Islamic astronomy - Muslim astronomers, Islamic astronomy - Famous muslim astronomy books

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Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC-330 BC. The first record of the Persians comes from an Assyrian inscription from c. 844 BC that calls them the Parsu (Parsuash, Parsumash) and mentions them in the region of Lake Urmia alongside another group, the Madai (Medes). For the next two centuries, the Persians and Medes were at times tributary to the Assyrians. The region of Parsuash was annexed by Sargon of Assyria around 719 BC. Eventually the Medes came to ...

See also:

Persian Empire, Persian Empire - The name Persia, Persian Empire - The rise and fall of empires in Persia, Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC-330 BC, Persian Empire - Hellenistic Persia 330 BC-150 BC, Persian Empire - Parthian Persia 150 BC-AD 226, Persian Empire - Sassanid Persia AD 226-650, Persian Empire - Islam and Persia 650-1219, Persian Empire - Persia under the Turkic rule 1037-1219, Persian Empire - Persia under the Mongols and their successors 1219-1500, Persian Empire - A new Persian empire: the Safavids 1500-1722, Persian Empire - Persia and Europe 1722-1914, Persian Empire - Persia in World War One 1914-1918, Persian Empire - Persia after World War One 1919-1935, Persian Empire - List of Kings and Emperors of Persia

Read more here: » Persian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Persian Empire - The rise and fall of empires in Persia

Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC–330 BC. Main articles: Achaemenid dynasty, and [[]], and [[]], and See also:

Persian Empire, Persian Empire - The name Persia, Persian Empire - The rise and fall of empires in Persia, Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC–330 BC, Persian Empire - Hellenistic Persia 330 BC–150 BC, Persian Empire - Parthian Persia 150 BC–AD 226, Persian Empire - Sassanid Persia AD 226–650, Persian Empire - Islam and Persia 650–1219, Persian Empire - Persia under the Turkic rule 1037–1219, Persian Empire - Persia under the Mongols and their successors 1219–1500, Persian Empire - A new Persian empire: the Safavids 1500–1722, Persian Empire - Persia and Europe 1722–1914, Persian Empire - Persia in World War One 1914–1918, Persian Empire - Persia after World War One 1919–1935, Persian Empire - List of Kings and Emperors of Persia

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Qom as an urban settlement existed in the pre-Islamic ages. Architectural discoveries indicate that Qom was a residential area from the 5th millennium BCE. Pre-Islamic remaining relics and historical texts point to the fact of Qom being a large regional city. Kom was known to be the name of this ancient city, thus, the incoming 7th century Arabs called it Qom during the conquests of Iran. During the caliphate of Omar ibn Khattab, Qom fell to the invading Arab armies of Islam. In 645CE, Abu Moosa Ashari, also dispatched forces under his command to the area. Conflicts resulted between the incoming Arab army ...

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Qom, Qom - History, Qom - Qom today, Qom - Attractions of Qom, Qom - Universities in Qom, Qom - Seminaries of Qom, Qom - Listing of Qom's Senior ranking clerics, Qom - Current, Qom - Deceased, Qom - Sister cities

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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Human settlements in this area date back to 1000BCE. Evidence of the ancient city of Jorjan can still be seen near the current city of Gorgan. This was an important city of Persia, located on the Silk Road. The Turkaman minority reside in the north of the province, particularly in the cities of Gonbad and Bandar Turkaman. Other minority communities such as Baluch, Turks, Afghans, and Armenians also reside in this area, and have pre ...

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Golestan, Golestan - Climate and geography, Golestan - History, Golestan - Culture, Golestan - Colleges and universities

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Khuzestan was once inhabited by a people known as Elamites, who were neither Indo-European (like the Medes and Persians of the Iranian plateau) nor Semitic (like the peoples of other Mesopotamian city-states). Some scholars believe that they were the remnant of an even more ancient population, related to the Dravidians of southern India. Archaeologists and historians have documented various Elamite dynasties ranging from approximately 2700 BCE to 644 BCE However, various early proto-Elamite ruins such as Sialk exist in central Iran. The boun ...

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History of Khuzestan, History of Khuzestan - The Elamites, History of Khuzestan - The Achaemenid Empire, History of Khuzestan - Alexander and the Seleucids, History of Khuzestan - The Parthians, History of Khuzestan - The Sassanids, History of Khuzestan - The Arab conquest and the caliphate, History of Khuzestan - The Mongol invasion, History of Khuzestan - Centuries of local rule, History of Khuzestan - The British century, History of Khuzestan - Modernization and Persianization, History of Khuzestan - Fall of the Shah, History of Khuzestan - Iran-Iraq war, History of Khuzestan - Aftermath of the war

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