Business Plot

Italian Fascism clearly had roots in socialist circles, and Nazism is an abbreviation for "National Socialist German Workers Party", and Nazi leaders described their ideology as socialist. Thus, a number of people believe that Nazism were forms of socialism, or that there are similarities between fascism and socialism or communism. This correlation has been rejected to by virtually all who consider themselves socialist in any sense other than "national socialism", then and now. It has for example been argued that the Nazi war economy, ...

See also:

Fascism and ideology, Fascism and ideology - Fascism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and the political spectrum, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and totalitarianism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism Nazism socialism collectivism and corporatism, Fascism and ideology - Critique by the Austrian School, Fascism and ideology - Response to Austrian School, Fascism and ideology - Collectivism and corporatism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism & the United States Welfare State, Fascism and ideology - Historic view from the Right, Fascism and ideology - Quotes, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and Conservatism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and police state regimes, Fascism and ideology - Neo-Fascism, Fascism and ideology - General bibliography, Fascism and ideology - Bibliography on Fascist ideology, Fascism and ideology - Bibliography on international fascism

Read more here: » Fascism and ideology: Encyclopedia II - Fascism and ideology - Fascism Nazism socialism collectivism and corporatism

Fascism - Early history. Main article: Fascio Etymologically, the use of the word Fascism in modern Italian political history stretches back to the 1890s in the form of fasci, which were radical left-wing political factions that proliferated in the decades before World War I. One of the first of these groups were the Fasci Siciliani who were part of the first movement that consisted of the Italian working-class peasants that made real progress. The Fasci were revolutionary socialists that were led by Giuseppe De Felice Giuffrida. See also:

Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and Sexuality, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Italian Fascism

Coups have long been part of political tradition. Indeed, Julius Caesar orchestrated a coup and was subsequently the victim of another coup. Many Roman emperors, such as Claudius, came to power in coups, as did King Jehu of Israel. In the late 20th century coups occurred most commonly in developing countries, particularly in Latin America (e.g. Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina), Africa and Asia (Pakistan), but also in the Asia Pacific (Fiji and the Philippines) and in Europe (e.g. Greece, Portugal, Spain, and the Soviet Union). S ...

See also:

Coup d'état, Coup d'état - History, Coup d'état - Recent forms of coup, Coup d'état - Types of coups, Coup d'état - Post-military-coup governments, Coup d'état - Important coups in the 19th century, Coup d'état - Important coups in the 20th century, Coup d'état - Recent coups and coup attempts, Coup d'état - Currently-serving leaders who came to power via coups, Coup d'état - Reference

Read more here: » Coup d'état: Encyclopedia II - Coup d'état - History

The first national convention of the American Legion was held from November 10-12, 1919 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. ...

See also:

American Legion, American Legion - 1910s, American Legion - 1930s, American Legion - 1950s, American Legion - 1970s, American Legion - 1990s, American Legion - 2000s, American Legion - External link

Read more here: » American Legion: Encyclopedia II - American Legion - 1910s

Coups have long been part of political tradition. Indeed, Julius Caesar orchestrated a coup and was subsequently the victim of another coup. Many Roman emperors, such as Claudius, came to power in coups, as did King Jehu of Israel. In the November of 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup and seized power in France. In the late 20th century coups occurred most commonly in developing countries, particularly in Latin America (e.g. Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina), Africa and Asia (Pakistan), but also in the Asia Pacific (Fiji and ...

See also:

Coup d'état, Coup d'état - History, Coup d'état - Recent forms of coup, Coup d'état - Types of coups, Coup d'état - Post-military-coup governments, Coup d'état - Important coups in the 19th century, Coup d'état - Important coups in the 20th century, Coup d'état - Recent coups and coup attempts, Coup d'état - Currently-serving leaders who came to power via coups, Coup d'état - Reference

Read more here: » Coup d'état: Encyclopedia II - Coup d'état - History

In spite of his father's insistence that he remain in school, Smedley Butler dropped out when the United States declared war against Spain in 1898. Being only sixteen years old, Butler lied about his age to secure a second lieutenant's commission in the Marines. "How old did ye say thou wast?" asked Thomas Butler, to which Smedley confessed that he had told the commandant that he was 18, born on April 20, 1880. "If ye is determined to go, thou shalt go," Thomas replied, "but don't add another year to your age, my ...

See also:

Smedley Butler, Smedley Butler - Early life, Smedley Butler - Military career, Smedley Butler - First Medal of Honor, Smedley Butler - Second Medal of Honor, Smedley Butler - World War I, Smedley Butler - Director of Public Safety, Smedley Butler - China and stateside service, Smedley Butler - Military retirement and speaking career, Smedley Butler - Memorials, Smedley Butler - Notes

Read more here: » Smedley Butler: Encyclopedia II - Smedley Butler - Military career

Humans naturally respond to events or situations which have had an emotional impact upon them by trying to make sense of those events, typically in spiritual, moral, political, or scientific terms. Events which seem to resist such interpretation—for example, because they are, in fact, unexplainable—may provoke the inquirer to look harder for a meaning, until one is reached that is capable of offering the inquirer the required emotional satisfaction. As sociological historian Holger Herwig found in studying German explanations of W ...

See also:

Conspiracy theory, Conspiracy theory - Overview, Conspiracy theory - Features, Conspiracy theory - Origins of conspiracy theories, Conspiracy theory - Psychological origins, Conspiracy theory - Sociopolitical origins, Conspiracy theory - Controversies, Conspiracy theory - Usage, Conspiracy theory - The truth of a conspiracy theory, Conspiracy theory - Conspiracy theories in fiction, Conspiracy theory - Notes, Conspiracy theory - Regularly produce allegations of conspiracies, Conspiracy theory - Conspiracy theories by topic or main figure, Conspiracy theory - Assassination, Conspiracy theory - Celebrity deaths, Conspiracy theory - Politics-related deaths

Read more here: » Conspiracy theory: Encyclopedia II - Conspiracy theory - Origins of conspiracy theories

Many diverse regimes have self-identified as fascist, and defining fascism has proved complicated and contentious. Historians, political scientists, and other scholars have engaged in long and furious debates concerning the exact nature of fascism and its core tenets. Since the 1990s, however, there has been a growing move toward some rough consensus reflected in the work of Payne, Eatwell, Griffin, ...

See also:

Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and Sexuality, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Definition

The fascist states from the period between the two world wars were police states as were many post-WWII communist states. Conversely, there have been multi-party socialist states that have not been police states, and non-socialist states that have been police states. Examples of police states in modern times, outside of the Communist world, include: Afghanistan under the Taliban; Brazil under Getulio Vargas (fascism-like state) and also during the military dictatorship from 1964 to 1986; Bu ...

See also:

Fascism and ideology, Fascism and ideology - Fascism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and the political spectrum, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and totalitarianism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism Nazism socialism collectivism and corporatism, Fascism and ideology - Critique by the Austrian School, Fascism and ideology - Response to Austrian School, Fascism and ideology - Collectivism and corporatism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism & the United States Welfare State, Fascism and ideology - Historic view from the Right, Fascism and ideology - Quotes, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and Conservatism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and police state regimes, Fascism and ideology - Neo-Fascism, Fascism and ideology - General bibliography, Fascism and ideology - Bibliography on Fascist ideology, Fascism and ideology - Bibliography on international fascism

Read more here: » Fascism and ideology: Encyclopedia II - Fascism and ideology - Fascism and police state regimes

Fascism and Communism are political systems that rose to prominence after World War I. Historians of the period between World War I and World War II such as E.H. Carr and Eric Hobsbawm point out that liberalism was under serious stress in this period and seemed to be a doomed philosophy. The success of the Russian Revolution of 1917 resulted in a revolutionary wave across Europe. The socialist movement worldwide split into separate social democratic and Leninist wings. The subsequent formation of the Third International prompted serious deba ...

See also:

Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and Sexuality, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Anti-Communism

The extent and nature of the affinity between Fascism and Nazism has been the subject of much academic debate. Although the modern consensus sees Nazism as a type or offshoot of fascism, there are many experts who argue that Nazism was not fascist at all, either on the grounds that the differences are too great, or because they deny that fascism is generic. Fascism - Differences. Nazism differed from Fascism proper in the emphasis on the state's purpose in serving its national ideal on the basis of ...

See also:

Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and Sexuality, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Nazism and Fascism

Butler was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, the oldest in a family of three sons of Thomas Stalker and Maud (Darlington) Butler, both members of distinguished Quaker families. His father was a lawyer, judge, and for thirty-one years a Congressman. During his time in congress, Thomas S. Butler was chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee during the Harding and Coolidge administrations. Butler was educated at the Friends' Graded High School at West Chester and later a ...

See also:

Smedley Butler, Smedley Butler - Early life, Smedley Butler - Military career, Smedley Butler - First Medal of Honor, Smedley Butler - Second Medal of Honor, Smedley Butler - World War I, Smedley Butler - Director of Public Safety, Smedley Butler - China and stateside service, Smedley Butler - Military retirement and speaking career, Smedley Butler - Memorials, Smedley Butler - Notes

Read more here: » Smedley Butler: Encyclopedia II - Smedley Butler - Early life

There is some controversy about the ideological impact of the conservative element in fascism. European fascism drew on existing anti-modernist conservatism, and on the conservative reaction to communism and 19th-century socialism. Conservative thinkers such as historian Oswald Spengler provided much of the world view (Weltanschauung) of the Nazi movement. However, traditionalist, monarchist, and Roman Catholic conservatives often despised the fascist mass movements, and the personality cult around the leader. In Britain, the conserva ...

See also:

Fascism and ideology, Fascism and ideology - Fascism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and the political spectrum, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and totalitarianism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism Nazism socialism collectivism and corporatism, Fascism and ideology - Critique by the Austrian School, Fascism and ideology - Response to Austrian School, Fascism and ideology - Collectivism and corporatism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism & the United States Welfare State, Fascism and ideology - Historic view from the Right, Fascism and ideology - Quotes, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and Conservatism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and police state regimes, Fascism and ideology - Neo-Fascism, Fascism and ideology - General bibliography, Fascism and ideology - Bibliography on Fascist ideology, Fascism and ideology - Bibliography on international fascism

Read more here: » Fascism and ideology: Encyclopedia II - Fascism and ideology - Fascism and Conservatism

The death of his father removed a restraining influence on the Department. When the post of Commandant of the Marine Corps fell vacant in 1931, Butler failed to receive the appointment, although he was then the senior major general on the active list. At his own request,he retired from active duty on October 1 of that year. Butler took up a lucrative career on the lecture circuit. In 1932, he ran for the U.S. Senate as a dry Republican in ...

See also:

Smedley Butler, Smedley Butler - Early life, Smedley Butler - Military career, Smedley Butler - First Medal of Honor, Smedley Butler - Second Medal of Honor, Smedley Butler - World War I, Smedley Butler - Director of Public Safety, Smedley Butler - China and stateside service, Smedley Butler - Military retirement and speaking career, Smedley Butler - Memorials, Smedley Butler - Notes

Read more here: » Smedley Butler: Encyclopedia II - Smedley Butler - Military retirement and speaking career

There has also been a revival of interest in recent times, among many academic historians, with regard to the profound cult of masculinity that permeated fascism, the attempts to systematically control female sexuality and reproductive behavior for the ends of the State. According to Anson Rabinbach and Jessica Benjamin, "The crucial element of fascism is its explicit sexual language, what Theweleit calls 'the conscious coding' or the 'over-explicitness of the fascist language of symbol.' This fascist symbolization creates a pa ...

See also:

Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and Sexuality, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Fascism and Sexuality

It is often a matter of dispute whether a certain government is to be characterized as fascist, authoritarian, totalitarian, or a police state. Regimes that are alleged to have been either fascist or sympathetic to fascism include: Austria (1933-1938) - Austro-fascism: Dollfuß dissolved parliament and established a clerical-fascist dictatorship which lasted until Austria was incorporated into Germany through the Anschluss ...

See also:

Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and Sexuality, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon

Some expressions of fascism have been closely linked with religious political movements. This combination is referred to as Clerical fascism, a prime example of which is the Ustashe in Croatia. Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church. A controversial topic is the relationship between fascist movements and the Catholic Church. As mentioned above, Pope Leo XIII's 1891 encyclical, Rerum Novarum included doctrines that fascists used or admired. Forty years later, the corporatist tendencies of < ...

See also:

Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and Sexuality, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Fascism and religion

Main article: Conspiracy theories (fictional) Conspiracies are a popular theme in several genres of fiction, notably thrillers and science fiction, primarily due to their dramatic potential: recasting complex or meaningless historical events into relatively simple morality plays, in which bad people are the cause of bad events, and good people face the relatively simple task of identifying and defeating them. Compared to the subtlety and complexity of more rigorous sociological or historical accounts of events, conspiracy theor ...

See also:

Conspiracy theory, Conspiracy theory - Overview, Conspiracy theory - Features, Conspiracy theory - Origins of conspiracy theories, Conspiracy theory - Psychological origins, Conspiracy theory - Sociopolitical origins, Conspiracy theory - Controversies, Conspiracy theory - Usage, Conspiracy theory - The truth of a conspiracy theory, Conspiracy theory - Conspiracy theories in fiction, Conspiracy theory - Notes, Conspiracy theory - Regularly produce allegations of conspiracies, Conspiracy theory - Conspiracy theories by topic or main figure, Conspiracy theory - Assassination, Conspiracy theory - Celebrity deaths, Conspiracy theory - Politics-related deaths

Read more here: » Conspiracy theory: Encyclopedia II - Conspiracy theory - Conspiracy theories in fiction

Aside from controversies over the merits of particular conspiracy claims (see catalog below), and the various differing academic opinions (above), the general category of conspiracy theory is itself a matter of some public contestation. Conspiracy theory - Usage. The term "conspiracy theory" is considered by different observers to be a neutral description for a conspiracy claim, a pejorative term used to dismiss such a claim, and a term that can be positively embraced by proponents of such a claim. ...

See also:

Conspiracy theory, Conspiracy theory - Overview, Conspiracy theory - Features, Conspiracy theory - Origins of conspiracy theories, Conspiracy theory - Psychological origins, Conspiracy theory - Sociopolitical origins, Conspiracy theory - Controversies, Conspiracy theory - Usage, Conspiracy theory - The truth of a conspiracy theory, Conspiracy theory - Conspiracy theories in fiction, Conspiracy theory - Notes, Conspiracy theory - Regularly produce allegations of conspiracies, Conspiracy theory - Conspiracy theories by topic or main figure, Conspiracy theory - Assassination, Conspiracy theory - Celebrity deaths, Conspiracy theory - Politics-related deaths

Read more here: » Conspiracy theory: Encyclopedia II - Conspiracy theory - Controversies

Laqueuer (1996): "But historical fascism was always a coalition between radical, populist ('fascist') elements and others gravitating toward the extreme Right" p. 223. Eatwell (1996) talks about the need of fascism for "syncretic legitimation" which sometimes led it to forge alliances with "existing mainstream elites, who often sought to turn fascism to their own more conservative purposes." Eatwell also observes that "in most countries it tended to gather forc ...

See also:

Fascism and ideology, Fascism and ideology - Fascism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and the political spectrum, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and totalitarianism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism Nazism socialism collectivism and corporatism, Fascism and ideology - Critique by the Austrian School, Fascism and ideology - Response to Austrian School, Fascism and ideology - Collectivism and corporatism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism & the United States Welfare State, Fascism and ideology - Historic view from the Right, Fascism and ideology - Quotes, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and Conservatism, Fascism and ideology - Fascism and police state regimes, Fascism and ideology - Neo-Fascism, Fascism and ideology - General bibliography, Fascism and ideology - Bibliography on Fascist ideology, Fascism and ideology - Bibliography on international fascism

Read more here: » Fascism and ideology: Encyclopedia II - Fascism and ideology - Quotes

The term "conspiracy theory" may be a neutral descriptor for a conspiracy claim. However, conspiracy theory is also used to indicate a narrative genre that includes a broad selection of (not necessarily related) arguments for the existence of grand conspiracies, any of which might have far-reaching social and political implications if true. Many conspiracy theories are false, or lack enough verifiable evidence to be taken seriously, raising the intriguing question of what mechanisms might exist in popular culture that lead to t ...

See also:

Conspiracy theory, Conspiracy theory - Overview, Conspiracy theory - Features, Conspiracy theory - Origins of conspiracy theories, Conspiracy theory - Psychological origins, Conspiracy theory - Sociopolitical origins, Conspiracy theory - Controversies, Conspiracy theory - Usage, Conspiracy theory - The truth of a conspiracy theory, Conspiracy theory - Conspiracy theories in fiction, Conspiracy theory - Notes, Conspiracy theory - Regularly produce allegations of conspiracies, Conspiracy theory - Conspiracy theories by topic or main figure, Conspiracy theory - Assassination, Conspiracy theory - Celebrity deaths, Conspiracy theory - Politics-related deaths

Read more here: » Conspiracy theory: Encyclopedia II - Conspiracy theory - Overview

On August 30, 2005, Thomas P. Cadmus, National Commander, stated in an address to the Legion's National Convention that terrorism should be should be stopped by "any means necessary." [4], In reaction to the Chairman of the House Veterans Affairs Committee, Steve Buyer (R-Ind.), announcement that he planned to eliminate the annual congressional hearings for Veterans Service Organizations that was established by Eisenhower National Commander of the American Legion ...

See also:

American Legion, American Legion - 1910s, American Legion - 1930s, American Legion - 1950s, American Legion - 1970s, American Legion - 1990s, American Legion - 2000s, American Legion - External link

Read more here: » American Legion: Encyclopedia II - American Legion - 2000s