Japanese samurai in armour, 1860s. Photograph by Felice Beato. Bushido (Japanese: 武士道; bushidō, "way of the warrior"), is a way of life, somewhat analogous to the European concept of chivalry. It includes elements of a philosophy, except that is it generally not textual in nature, and it involves, but is not equivalent to, a code of conduct. Bushido developed between the 11th to 14th centuries and was formalized during the opening years of the Tokugawa shogunate for the members of the Samurai class. According to t ...

Including:

• Bushido - History
• Bushido - Bushido ethics
• Bushido - Seven virtues associated with bushido
• Bushido - Major figures associated with bushido

Read more here: » Bushido: Encyclopedia - Bushido

bushido

(Japanese) Way of the warrior, samurai code.

(See also: Bushido, Body Mind and Soul)

Bushido expanded and formalized the earlier code of the samurai, and stressed frugality, loyalty, mastery of martial arts, and honor to the death. Under the Bushido ideal, if a samurai failed to uphold his honor he could regain it by performing seppuku (ritual suicide). In an excerpt from the chapter "AN ACCOUNT OF THE HARA-KIRI" in Mitford's "Tales of Old Japan", the author describes a friend witnessing an act of Seppuku: "There are many stories on record of extraordinary heroism being displayed in the hara-kiri. The case of a young ...

See also:

Bushido, Bushido - History, Bushido - Bushido ethics, Bushido - Seven virtues associated with bushido, Bushido - Major figures associated with bushido

Read more here: » Bushido: Encyclopedia II - Bushido - Bushido ethics

In the year 1256 CE, the Shogunal Deputy in Kyoto, Hojo Shigetoki (1198-1261 CE) wrote a letter to his son and house elders of his clan. The letter, now known as "The Message Of Master Gokurakuji," emphasized the importance of loyalty to one's master: When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master. Nor should he draw the line at his own life or anything else he considers valuable. Even if the master is being phlegmatic and one goes unrecognized, he should know that he will surely have the divine protect ...

See also:

Bushido, Bushido - History, Bushido - Bushido ethics, Bushido - Seven virtues associated with bushido, Bushido - Major figures associated with bushido

Read more here: » Bushido: Encyclopedia II - Bushido - History

"One should have restraint and deep sympathy in all things." In the year 1256, the Shogunal Deputy in Kyoto, Hojo Shigetoki (1198-1261) wrote a letter to his son and house elders of his clan. The letter, now known as "The Message Of Master Gokurakuji," emphasized the importance of loyalty to one's master: When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master. Nor should he draw the line at his own life or anythi ...

See also:

Bushido, Bushido - History, Bushido - Bushido ethics, Bushido - Seven virtues associated with bushido, Bushido - Major figures associated with bushido

Read more here: » Bushido: Encyclopedia II - Bushido - History

Zen at War is a book written by Brian Daizen Victoria, published in 1998. The book gives a critical insight on the history of Zen Buddhism and Japanese militarism from the time of the Meiji Restoration to the Second World War and the post-War period. It describes the influence of state policy on Japanese Buddhism, focusing on Zen but also including other sects. It also describes the influence of Zen philosophy on the Japanese military. The book also contains a chapter on the actions of Japanes ...

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Zanshin (Japanese: 残心) is a martial art term used in Aikido, Karate, Kendo, Iaido, Kyudo and other Japanese martial arts, referring to a state of awareness - a state of relaxed alertness. The literal translation is remaining mind. In Kyudo it means the remaining body posture after the shooting of an arrow as a result of working body forces as well as the remaining state of mind. See also. Martial arts Bushido Fudoshin Mushin Shoshin

Read more here: » Zanshin: Encyclopedia - Zanshin

For the Lagos, Nigeria suburb, see Mushin, Nigeria Mushin (無心) is a state into which very highly trained martial artists are said to enter during combat. The term is shortened from mushin no shin (無心の心}, a Zen expression meaning "mind of no mind". That is, a mind not fixed or occupied by thought or emotion and thus open to everything. Mushin is achieved when a fighter feels no anger, fear or ego during combat. There is an absence of discursive thought, and so the fighter is totally free t ...

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Budo (武道) is a term for Japanese martial arts. Traditional budo (from before the Meiji Restoration) is often referred to as koryu bujutsu, while more modern budo arts are called gendai budo. Budo is a compound of the kanji 武 (bu)—meaning war, warrior, fight, or fighter—and 道 (do)— meaning path or way. Similarly, Bujutsu is a coumpound of the kanji characters 武 (bu) and 術 ...

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See also order of chivalry Chivalry1 refers to the medieval institution of knighthood and, most especially, the ideals that were/have become associated with it throughout literature. It was also often associated with ideals of knightly virtues, honor and of courtly love. Chivalry was in essence a warrior code which was later appropriated and propagated by the Church which added the Christian aspects. The Church intended to make the mounted soldiers of the Middle Ages into Christian knights who would protect t ...

Including:

• Chivalry - Other meanings
• Chivalry - Notes

Read more here: » Chivalry: Encyclopedia - Chivalry

(Greek αρετη; Latin virtus) Virtue is moral excellence of a man or a woman. The word is derived from the Greek arete (αρετη). As applied to humans, a virtue is a good character trait. The Latin word virtus literally means "manliness," from vir, "man" in the masculine sense; and referred originally to masculine, warlike virtues such as courage. In one of the many ironies of etymology, in English the word virtue is often used to refer to a woman's chastity. Virtue can also be meant in another way. V ...

Including:

• Virtue - The four virtues
• Virtue - Virtue in the Western philosophical tradition
• Virtue - The unity of the virtues
• Virtue - Prudence and virtue
• Virtue - The Christian virtues
• Virtue - Virtue and vice
• Virtue - Capital Vices and Virtues
• Virtue - Virtue in Chinese philosophy
• Virtue - Occurrences of the word 'Virtue'

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Yamaga Soko (September 21, 1622 - October 23, 1685) was a Japanese philosopher and strategist. He was a Confucian, and applied Confucius's idea of the "superior man" to the samurai class of Japan; this became an important part of what was later known as Bushido. Japanese scholars limited their Chinese masters to adopt the Confucian tradition to their own requirement. This action broke them away from official orthodoxy and an implied a repudiat ...

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Kendo (剣道 Kendō, 劍道) , which is the modern martial art of Japanese fencing, developed from traditional techniques of Japanese swordsmanship known as kenjutsu. Since 1975 the goal of Kendo has been stated by the All Japan Kendo Federation as "to discipline the human character through the application of the principles of the katana (the Japanese standard two handed sword)". However, Kendo combines martial arts values with sport elements, with some practitioners ...

Including:

• Kendo - History
• Kendo - Modern Kendo
• Kendo - Ranking

Read more here: » Kendo: Encyclopedia - Kendo

Courage is the ability to confront fear in the face of pain, danger, uncertainty or intimidation. As a virtue, courage is covered extensively in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, its vice of deficiency being cowardice, and its vice of excess being recklessness. The precise view of what constitutes courage not only varies among cultures, but among individuals. For instance, some define courage as lacking fear in a situation that would normally generate it. Others, in contrast, hold that courage requires ...

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The tale of the Forty-Seven Ronin (also known as the Forty-Seven Samurai, the Akō vendetta, or in Japanese as the "akō rōshi" (赤穂浪士 Akō Wandering Samurai) or the "genroku akō jiken" (元禄赤穂事件 Genroku Akō Incident)) is a prototypical Japanese story. Described by one noted Japan scholar as the country's "national legend" [1], it recounts the most famous case involving the samurai code of honor, bushido, and vividly expresses a ...

Including:

• Forty-seven Ronin - The original events
• Forty-seven Ronin - Background events
• Forty-seven Ronin - The ronin plot revenge
• Forty-seven Ronin - The attack
• Forty-seven Ronin - The death of Kira
• Forty-seven Ronin - The aftermath
• Forty-seven Ronin - Re-establishment of the Asano's lordship
• Forty-seven Ronin - The Forty-Seven Ronin in the Arts
• Forty-seven Ronin - Plays
• Forty-seven Ronin - Cinema and television
• Forty-seven Ronin - Woodblock prints
• Forty-seven Ronin - In the West

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Tsunetomo Yamamoto (12 June 1659 - 1719) was a samurai of the Saga domain in Hizen Province under his lord Mitsushige Nabeshima. For thirty years Yamamoto devoted his life to the service of his lord and clan. When Nabeshima died in 1700, Yamamoto did not commit tsuifuku because Mitsushige Nabeshima has expressed a dislike of the practice in his life, so Yamamoto considered it better to follow his lord's wishes after his death, and to refrain from tsuifuku. After some disagreements with Nabeshima's successor, Yamamoto renounced the wor ...

Including:

• Yamamoto Tsunetomo - Famous quotes
• Yamamoto Tsunetomo - External references

Read more here: » Yamamoto Tsunetomo: Encyclopedia - Yamamoto Tsunetomo

Camelot 3000 is a comic book maxiseries written by Mike Barr and penciled by Brian Bolland and published by DC Comics from 1982-1985 as one of its first direct marketing projects, and as its second maxi-series. It follows the adventures of King Arthur, Merlin and the reincarnated Knights of the Round Table as they reemerge in the future world of 3000 to fight off an alien invasion controlled by Morgan Le Fay. Arthur, Guinevere, and Lancelot are presented more-or-less traditionally as the doomed triangle of lovers. ...

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The xiá (俠) is a righteous person who excels in personal combat and may use their armed expertise to right social unfairness or injustice (鋤強扶弱). Xiá could be roughly compared to "chivalry" and identified with the Western concept of knights and knighthood, although they are not strictly interchangeable. The feudalist overtones are wholly missing from the Chinese concept; unlike a knight, the xiá ("chivalrous man") need not serve a lord or hold any military power; neither are they required to be from an arist ...

Read more here: » Xia philosophy: Encyclopedia - Xia philosophy

A warrior is a person habitually engaged in war and/or skilled in the waging of war. In tribal societies, warriors often form a caste or class of their own. In feudalism, the vassals essentially form a military or warrior class, even if in actual warfare, peasants may be called to fight as well. In some societies, warfare may be so central that the entire people (or, more often, the male population) may be considered warri ...

Including:

• Warrior - Warrior code

Read more here: » Warrior: Encyclopedia - Warrior

PRIDE or PRIDE Fighting Championships is a mixed martial arts organization based in Japan, promoted by Dream Stage Entertainment. Its inaugural event was held at the Tokyo Dome on October 11, 1997. It is the most popular MMA organization in the world based on the number of event attendees: the Pride Final Elimination 2003 event had 65,000 people in the audience. The audience record is 90,000 people on the Pride and K-1 co-production ca ...

Including:

• PRIDE - Pride Rules
• PRIDE - Match length
• PRIDE - Victory
• PRIDE - Grounds for disqualification
• PRIDE - Notes
• PRIDE - Additional notes
• PRIDE - PRIDE current champions
• PRIDE - Notable Pride Fighters
• PRIDE - Heavyweight more than or equal to 93 kg / 205 lb
• PRIDE - Middleweight less than 93 kg / 205 lb
• PRIDE - Welterweight less than 84 kg / 185 lb
• PRIDE - Lightweight less than 73 kg / 160 lb
• PRIDE - PRIDE Events
• PRIDE - PRIDE chants

Read more here: » PRIDE: Encyclopedia - PRIDE