Bund - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Bund: Encyclopedia - Bund
The Bund can refer to: The Bund, a famous waterfront area in Shanghai, China The Bund (TV series), produced by TVB General Jewish Labor ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism
Haredi or Charedi Judaism, often also called ultra-Orthodox Judaism, is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yevsektsiya: Encyclopedia - Yevsektsiya
Yevsektsiya (alternative spelling: Yevsektsia), Russian: ЕвСекция, the abbreviation of the phrase "Еврейская секци�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa: Encyclopedia - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa
The Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ŻOB, Polish for the Jewish Fighting Organization; called in Yiddish יידישע קאמף ארגאני...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - After The October Revolution 1917-1991
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924. In March 1919, Lenin delivered a speech "On Anti-Jewish Pog...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Present Day
Haredi Judaism - Israel. In Israel, home to the most numerically powerful Haredi population, the situation is different. There, as in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yevsektsiya: Encyclopedia Ii - Yevsektsiya - Languages And Culture
Lenin wrote in his Critical Remarks on the National Question (1913): "Whoever directly or indirectly puts forward the slogan of a Jewish ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party - History
LSDSP is the oldest organized political party in Latvia, its roots in the workers' groups of the New Current that were founded as early a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s - Interwar Period 1918-1939
Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Independence and Polish Jews. Jews also played a role in the fight for crisps for independence...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Present Day
Haredi Judaism - Israel. In Israel, home to the most numerically powerful Haredi population, the situation is different. There, as in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Early History To Golden Age: 966–1572
History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385. Main article: History of Poland (966-1385) The first Jews arrived in the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - After The October Revolution 1917-1991
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Under Lenin 1917-1924. In March 1919, Lenin delivered a speech "On Anti-Jewish Pog...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rootless Cosmopolitan: Encyclopedia Ii - Rootless Cosmopolitan - Background
Towards the end and immediately after World War II, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) grew increasingly influential to the post-Hol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sosnowiec: Encyclopedia Ii - Sosnowiec - Economy
It is characterized by its dynamism, economic activity and care for its cultural heritage and natural environment. In recent years, Sosno...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Early History To Golden Age: 966–1572
History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385. The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in the 10th century...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa: Encyclopedia Ii - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa - Formation Of The Żob
The underground political factions met secretly on 23 July 1942, but failed to reach a consensus. On 28 July 1942, representatives from H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - Ancient Animosity Towards Jews
3rd century BCE: Manetho, a Hellenistic Egyptian chronicler and priest, alleges that Moses was not a Jew, but an Egyptian renegade priest...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jan Karski: Encyclopedia Ii - Jan Karski - World War Ii
After crossing into German-held part of Poland, in November of 1939 he managed to escape a train to a POW camp and found his way to Warsa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Simon Dubnow: Encyclopedia Ii - Simon Dubnow - Life
Born Shimon Meyerovich Dubnow (Шимон Меерович Дубнов) to a large poor family in the Belarusian town of Mstislavl (Mahi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oriental Pearl Tower: Encyclopedia Ii - Oriental Pearl Tower - Structural Data
The tower features 5 spheres. The 2 biggest spheres have a diameter of 50 m, for the lower one, and 45 m, for the higher one. They are li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Anti-fascist Committee: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Anti-fascist Committee - Activities
Solomon Mikhoels, the popular actor and director of the Moscow State Jewish Theater, was appointed the JAC chairman. The JAC's newspaper ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Jews Of Poland Within The Russian Empire 1795–1918
Official Russian policy would eventually prove to be substantially harsher to the Jews than that under independent Polish rule. The lands...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - The Development Of Judaism In Poland And The Commonwealth
The culture and intellectual output of the Jewish community in Poland had a profound impact on Judaism as a whole. Some Jewish historians...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - The Polish-lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795
History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation. Following the childless death of Zygmund II, the last king of the Jagiellon d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Interwar Period 1918–39
History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews. Jews also played a role in the fight for independence in 1918, some joini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Wwii And The Destruction Of Polish Jewry 1939–45
History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign. During the Polish September Campaign of 1939, some 120,000 Polish citize...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Communist Rule: 1945–89
History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar. Between 40,000 and 100,000 Polish Jews survived the Holocaust in Poland by hiding or by joinin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Since 1989
With the fall of Communism in Poland, Jewish cultural, social, and religious life has been undergoing a revival. Many historical issues, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Wwii And The Destruction Of Polish Jewry 1939–45
History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign. Main article: Polish September Campaign During the Polish September Ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews In Russia Today
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life. Since the dissolution of the USSR, democratization in the former USSR...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - The Collapse Of The Soviet Union And Emigration To Israel
A mass emigration was politically undesirable for the Soviet regime. As increasing number of Soviet Jews applied to emigrate to Israel in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Assimilation Trends
In the Tsarist Russia, assimilation, russification and conversion to the state religion of Orthodox Christianity were official policies. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Demographic Data
The official census data on Jewish population of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union.[15] The number of Jews has fallen from about 2.15 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - History
Haredi Judaism - Modern origins. For several centuries before the Emancipation of European Jewry, most of Europe's Jews were forced to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Practices And Beliefs
Haredi Judaism - Views of halakha. One basic belief of the Orthodox community in general is that it is the latest link in a chain of Je...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews And Bolshevism
Many members of the Bolshevik party were ethnically Jewish, especially in the leadership of the party, and the percentage of Jewish party...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917
Documentary evidence as to the presence of Jews in Muscovite Russia is first found in the chronicles of 1471. The relatively small popula...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Interwar Period 1918–39
History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews. Jews also played a role in the fight for independence in 1918, some joini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rootless Cosmopolitan: Encyclopedia Ii - Rootless Cosmopolitan - About One Antipatriotic Group Of Theater Critics
The state-wide campaign was set out by an article appeared in Pravda on January 28, 1949 entitled About one antipatriotic group of theate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s - Wwii And The Destruction Of Polish Jewry 1939-1945
Main articles: The Holocaust and History of Poland (1939-1945) Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - The Polish September campaign. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s - Communist Rule: 1945-1989
Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Post-war. Between 40,000 and 100,000 Polish Jews survived the Holocaust in Poland by hiding or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Early History
Tradition places Jews in southern Russia, Armenia, and Georgia since before the days of the First Temple, and records exist from the four...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party - Lsdsp Today
When Latvia became independent again in 1990, LSDSP returned to Latvia. In early 1990s, it struggled with internal splits. At one point, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 16th Century
1505 Ten České Budějovice Jews are tortured and executed for killing a Christian girl; later, on deathbed, shepherd confesses to fabri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Demographic Data
The official census data on Jewish population of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union.[15] The number of Jews has fallen from about 2.15 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 11th Century
1008-1013 Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah issues severe restrictions against Jews in the Land of Israel. All Jews are forced to wear...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 9th Century
807 Abbassid Caliph Harun al-Rashid orders all Jews in the Calipate to wear a yellow belt, with Christians to wear a blue one. 820 After ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 8th Century
717 Caliph Omar II introduces discriminatory regulations against the dhimmi, among them for Jews to wear a special yellow garb. 722 Byzan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 12th Century
1107 Moroccan Almoravid ruler Yoseph Ibn Tashfin orders all Moroccan Jews to convert or leave. 1143 150 Jews killed in Ham, France. 1144 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 13th Century
13th century Germany. Appearance of Judensau: obscene and dehumanizing imagery of Jews, ranging from etchings to Cathedral ceilings. Its ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 15th Century
1411 Oppressive legislation against Jews in Spain as an outcome of the preaching of the Dominican friar Vicente Ferrer. 1413 Disputation ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 14th Century
1305 Philip IV of France seizes all Jewish property (except the clothes they wear) and expels them from France (approx. 100,000). His suc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 7th Century
610-620 Visigothic Hispania After many of his anti-Jewish edicts were ignored, king Sisebur prohibits Judaism. Those not baptized fled. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 6th Century
519 Ravenna, Italy. After the local synagogues were burned down by the local mob, Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great orders the town to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa: Encyclopedia Ii - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa - Offshoot Of Jewish Youth Groups
The seeds of the ŻOB were planted on 22 July 1942, when the Nazis issued a decree regarding the fate of the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - History
Haredi Judaism - Modern origins. For several centuries before the Emancipation of European Jewry, most of Europe's Jews were forced to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haredi Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Haredi Judaism - Practices And Beliefs
Haredi Judaism - Views of halakha. One basic belief of the Orthodox community in general is that it is the latest link in a chain of Je...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa: Encyclopedia Ii - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa - Żob Resistance To The Second Deportation
On 18 January 1943, the Nazis began a second wave of deportations. The first Jews the Germans rounded up included a number of ŻOB fighte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa: Encyclopedia Ii - Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa - Final Deportation And Uprising
The final deportation began on the eve of Passover, 19 April 1943. The streets of the ghetto were vacant; most of the remaining 30,000 Je...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 5th Century
415 Jews are accused of ritual murder during Purim. The Church confiscates or burns synagogues in Antioch, Magona, Alexandria. Bishop (St...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 4th Century
306 The Synod of Elvira bans intermarriage between Christians and Jews. Other social intercourses, such as eating together, are also forb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 17th Century
1603 Frei Diogo Da Assumpacao, a partly Jewish friar who embraced Judaism, burned alive in Lisbon. 1608 The Jesuit order forbids admissio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 18th Century
1711 Johann Andreas Eisenmenger writes his Entdecktes Judenthum ("Judaism Unmasked"), a work denouncing Judaism and which had a formative...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Tsarist Russia 1480s-1917
Documentary evidence as to the presence of Jews in Muscovite Russia is first found in the chronicles of 1471. The relatively small popula...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Early History
Tradition places Jews in southern Russia, Armenia, and Georgia since before the days of the First Temple, and records exist from the four...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews And Bolshevism
Many members of the Bolshevik party were ethnically Jewish, especially in the leadership of the party, and the percentage of Jewish party...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - The Collapse Of The Soviet Union And Emigration To Israel
A mass emigration was politically undesirable for the Soviet regime. As increasing number of Soviet Jews applied to emigrate to Israel in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jan Karski: Encyclopedia Ii - Jan Karski - Post-war Career
After the war Karski was unable to return to Poland and made his home in the United States and began his studies at Georgetown University...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Assimilation Trends
In the Tsarist Russia, assimilation, russification and conversion to the state religion of Orthodox Christianity were official policies. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews In Russia Today
History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union - Jewish life. Since the dissolution of the USSR, democratization in the former USSR...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 21st Century
2003 October 16. The Malaysian Prime Minister Dr. Mahathir Mohammed draws standing ovation at the 57-member Organization of the Islamic C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 20th Century
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Roman Catholic Church adhered to a distinction between "good anti-Semitism" and "bad anti-...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Anti-semitism - The 19th Century
1805 Massacre of Jews in Algeria. 1815 Pope Pius VII reestablishes the ghetto in Rome after the defeat of Napoleon. 1819 A series of anti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Anti-fascist Committee: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Anti-fascist Committee - Persecution
Towards the end and immediately after the war, the JAC got involved in documenting the Holocaust. This ran contrary to the official Sovie...   » Read the article