Bulgarians - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Bulgarians: Encyclopedia - Bulgarians
Albania: 5,000 Argentina: 30,0004 Austria: 50,0003 Canada: 15,1951 (2001) - 150,0004 Czech Republic: 10,0003 France: 20,0003 Germany: 120...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - Bulgarians - Culture
Bulgarians - Contribution to humanity. Medieval Bulgaria was the most important cultural centre of the Slavs at the end of the 9th and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgars: Encyclopedia - Bulgars
Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) - a people of Central Asia, originally Pamirian or Turkic, whose branches became Slavicized an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgars: Encyclopedia Ii - Bulgars - History
Bulgars - Migration to Europe. In the 2nd century AD, some groups of Bulgars migrated to the European continent and settled on the plai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgars: Encyclopedia Ii - Bulgars - History
Bulgars - Migration to Europe. In the 2nd century AD, some groups of Bulgars migrated to the European continent and settled on the plai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Bulgarians - Artists
List of Bulgarians - Performing Arts. List of Bulgarians - Directors. Rangel Valtchanov Nikola Kovachev Sophia Peer List of Bulgar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander Iii Of Russia: Encyclopedia - Alexander Iii Of Russia
Alexander (Aleksandr) III (Russian: Александр III Александрович) (b.March 10, 1845 – d.November 1, 1894) was the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1256: Encyclopedia - 1256
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. 1256 - Events. 1256 - Europe. April 13 - Pope Alexander IV issues a papal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexandra Timoshenko: Encyclopedia - Alexandra Timoshenko
Alexandra Timoshenko Russian: Александра Тымошенко (born 18th February, 1972 in Boguslav, Ukraine) was a Soviet Indivi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - August 2: Encyclopedia - August 2
August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. August 2 - Events. 338...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Banat: Encyclopedia - Banat
Banat (Romanian: Banat; Serbian: Банат or Banat; German: Banat; Hungarian: Bánát or Bánság; Slovak: Banát) is a geographical an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Balkans: Encyclopedia - Balkans
The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe a region of south-eastern Europe. The region has a combined area of 728,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Axis Powers: Encyclopedia - Axis Powers
The Axis Powers were those opposed to the Allies. The 3 major Axis powers, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Empire of Japan, referred...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1991: Encyclopedia - 1991
1991 (MCMXCI) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 1991 - Events. 1991 - January. January 2 - Sharon Pratt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vladimir I Of Kiev: Encyclopedia - Vladimir I Of Kiev
Saint Vladimir Svyatoslavich the Great (c. 958–1015) was the grand prince of Kiev who converted to Christianity in 988, and proceeded t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Varna: Encyclopedia - Battle Of Varna
The Battle of Varna took place on November 10, 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. In this battle the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia - Greece
Greece, (Greek: Ελλάδα, older form: Ελλάς, Hellas), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Magyars: Encyclopedia - Magyars
Romania:    1,431,807 (2002) Slovakia:    520,528 (2001) Serbia and Montenegro:    293,299 (2002) Ukraine: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Skopje: Encyclopedia - Skopje
Skopje (Macedonian: Скопје, Albanian: Shkupi, Serbian/Croatian: Skoplje, Bulgarian: Скопие; Ottoman Turkish: Üsküb, Greek: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1254: Encyclopedia - 1254
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. 1254 - Events. 1254 - Europe. October 10 - Edward Plantagenet marries El...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bogomilism: Encyclopedia - Bogomilism
Bogomilism is the Gnostic dualistic sect, the synthesis of Armenian Paulicianism and local Slavonic Church reform movement in Bulgaria be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cathar: Encyclopedia - Cathar
Catharism was a religious movement with Gnostic elements that originated around the middle of the 10th century, branded by the contempora...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1255: Encyclopedia - 1255
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. 1255 - Events. 1255 - Europe. August - The final Cathar stronghold in s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ukraine: Encyclopedia - Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, Ukrayina, /ukraˈjina/) is a country in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the northeast, Belarus t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anastasius I Emperor: Encyclopedia - Anastasius I Emperor
Flavius Anastasius or Anastasius I (c. 430–July 9, 518) was Byzantine emperor from 11 April 491 until his death. He was born at Dyrrhac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Bulgarians - Academics
List of Bulgarians - Scientists. Dimitar Paskov, pharmacist and chemist Stephan Angeloff, microbiologist Roumen Antonov, engineer Peta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Bulgarians - Literature
List of Bulgarians - Authors. Elisaveta Bagryana Petar Beron Ran Bosilek Assen Bossev Elias Canetti Dobri Chintulov Chudomir Dimcho De...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 813: Encyclopedia - 813
813 - Events. June 22 - Byzantine Emperor Michael I is defeated in a war against the Bulgarians. July 12 - A revolt puts Leo V on the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 814: Encyclopedia - 814
814 - Events. Louis the Pious succeeds Charlemagne as king of the Franks and Emperor. The Bulgarians lay siege before Constantinople. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Bulgarians - Business
List of Bulgarians - Businessmen. Maxim Behar Gueorgui Boyadjiev Ignat Kaneff Iliya Pavlov Kroum Pindoff Valentin Zlatev Emil Kyulev V...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Bulgarians - Literature
List of Bulgarians - Authors. Elisaveta Bagryana Petar Beron Ran Bosilek Assen Bossev Elias Canetti Dobri Chintulov Chudomir Dimcho De...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Bulgarians - Music
List of Bulgarians - Composers. See also List of Bulgarian composers Tryphon Silyanovski Nikola Atanasov Georgi Atanasov Angel Bukur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bessarabia: Encyclopedia - Bessarabia
Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish) was the name by which the Imperial Russia designated the eastern ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Bulgarians - Visual Arts
List of Bulgarians - Sculptors. Galin Malakchiev Vaska Emanuilova List of Bulgarians - Graphic artists. Boris Georgiev Pencho Geor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 896: Encyclopedia - 896
896 - Events. The Bulgarians, under Simeon I, defeat the Byzantine Empire at Bulgarophygon. The Eastern Franks invade and conquer Ital...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Bulgarians - State
List of Bulgarians - Politicians. See also List of Bulgarian politicians Asen Agov Evgenii Bakardzhiev Prince Alexander of Battenber...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire
Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων Roman (Byzantine) Empire Motto: Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων Βασιλεύων Βασιλευόν...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creeping Barrage: Encyclopedia - Creeping Barrage
Creeping Barrage is a military tactic in which massed artillery support an infantry advance by firing continuously at positions just in f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgar: Encyclopedia - Bulgar
Bulgar. For the people of Central Asia see Bulgars Bulgar language is an extinct language commonly considered Turkic but more recently ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bitola Inscription: Encyclopedia - Bitola Inscription
The Bitola inscription is an inscription made by order of Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Vladislav in 1015 or 1016 in connection with the fortificat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chişinău: Encyclopedia - Chişinău
Chişinău (IPA /ki.ʃi.'nəǔ/) is the capital city and industrial and commercial centre of Moldova. It is also largest city of Moldova....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgarian Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia - Bulgarian Orthodox Church
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church with some 6.5 million members in the Republic of Bulgaria and b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cumans: Encyclopedia - Cumans
Cumans, also called as Polovtsy, (Russian Половцы, from old Slavic for pale yellowish) was the European name for the Western Kipch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Odessa: Encyclopedia Ii - Odessa - History
Odessa - From Foundation to the End of 19th Century. In the AD 15th century, nomadic Tatars under the suzerainty of the Khanate of Crim...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greece - Ancient Greece
There are no fixed or universally agreed dates for the beginning or the end of the Ancient Greek period. In common usage it refers to all...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Petrovaradin: Encyclopedia Ii - Petrovaradin - History
Human settlement in the territory of present-day Petrovaradin has been traced as far back as the Stone Age (about 4500 BC). This region w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gagauz: Encyclopedia Ii - Gagauz - History
Gagauz - Early history and settlement in Bessarabia. Ancestors of the Gagauz can be traced to the early nomadic tribes, Guzi and Uzi (a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Kosovo: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kosovo - Kosovo From Prehistory To 1455
Little is known about Kosovo before about the 11th century AD. The region was certainly inhabited in prehistoric times, it appears, by tw...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serbia: Encyclopedia Ii - Serbia - History
Main article: History of Serbia See also The Serbia Series: Serbia See also: List of Serbian monarchs, History of Yugoslavia The roots of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Odessa Oblast: Encyclopedia Ii - Odessa Oblast - History
Formerly ruled by the Ottoman Empire, the territory of the Odessa oblast passed into Russian and Soviet hands in various stages between t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Medieval Croatian State: Encyclopedia Ii - Medieval Croatian State - Kingdom
Tomislav was crowned in the Duvno field in 925 (note that sources vary from 923 to 928), as the first King of Croatia. The central town o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pleven: Encyclopedia Ii - Pleven - History
Pleven - Prehistory and Antiquity. The earliest traces of human settlement in the area date from the 5th millennium BC, the Neolithic. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Niš: Encyclopedia Ii - Niš - History
The city's early name under the Roman Empire remained Naissus ("city of the nymphs"). Niš is a possible location of Nysa, a mythical pla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Janissary: Encyclopedia Ii - Janissary - Janissary Training And Way Of Life
The first janissary units comprised war captives and slaves. After the 1380s Sultan Selim I filled their ranks with the results of taxati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ivan: Encyclopedia Ii - Ivan - Russia
Ivan was the name of several Russian tsars throughout history: Ivan I Ivan II Ivan III Ivan IV, "The Terrible" Ivan V Ivan was a Cold W...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples. Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haskovo: Encyclopedia Ii - Haskovo - History
According to the archeologists, the area of Haskovo was originally settled about seven thousand years ago. In and around Haskovo, evidenc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rila Monastery: Encyclopedia Ii - Rila Monastery - History
It is traditionally thought that the monastery was founded by the hermit St. John of Rila (Ivan Rilski), whose name it bears, during the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Serbia And Montenegro: Encyclopedia Ii - Serbia And Montenegro - History
Upon the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the remaining confederation of Serbia and Montenegro was reconstituted ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Avraam Benaroya: Encyclopedia Ii - Avraam Benaroya - Benaroya Approaches The Democratic Union
After a historic meeting with Veniselos, Benaroya's tactical abilities resulted in the birth of the Socialist Workers' Party and the Gene...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Despotate Of Epirus: Encyclopedia Ii - Despotate Of Epirus - Foundation
The Despotate was founded in by Michael I Ducas, cousin of the Byzantine emperors Isaac II Angelus and Alexius III. At first Michael alli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Race And Intelligence Average Gaps Among Races: Encyclopedia Ii - Race And Intelligence Average Gaps Among Races - Brain Size & Structure
Some historical and modern studies, using skull and head measurements, weighing of brains at autopsy report racial differences similar to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Magyars: Encyclopedia Ii - Magyars - Ethnic Affiliations And Origins Of The Hungarian People
The origin of the Hungarians (more correctly Magyars) is partly disputed. The most widely accepted Finno-Ugric theory from the late 18th ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Axis Powers: Encyclopedia Ii - Axis Powers - Axis Nations
Axis Powers - Germany. Third Reich, ruled by German dictator Adolf Hitler, called the Führer or "Leader," (and in the last days of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Republic Of Macedonia: Encyclopedia Ii - Republic Of Macedonia - History
The lands governed by the Republic of Macedonia were previously the southernmost part of Yugoslavia. Its current borders were fixed short...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Reichstag Fire: Encyclopedia Ii - Reichstag Fire - Dispute About Van Der Lubbe's Role In The Reichstag Fire
Historians generally agree that van der Lubbe was involved in the Reichstag fire. The extent of the damage, however, has led to considera...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First Crusade: Encyclopedia Ii - First Crusade - Chronological Sequence Of The Crusade
First Crusade - The Council of Clermont. Main article: Council of Clermont In March of 1095 Alexius I sent envoys to the Council of Pia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Population Transfer In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Population Transfer In The Soviet Union - Transfers Of Ethnicities
The wholesale removal of potentially trouble-making ethnic groups was a technique used consistently by Joseph Stalin during his career: P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Preslav: Encyclopedia Ii - Preslav - Apogee
The pagan revolt of the Pliska nobility led by King Vladimir in 892 was decisive for the future destiny of the city. In 893 Vladimir was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Empire Of Nicaea: Encyclopedia Ii - Empire Of Nicaea - Foundation
In 1204, Byzantine emperor Alexius V fled Constantinople rather than face the crusader army in battle. Theodore Lascaris, the son-in-law ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dolj County: Encyclopedia Ii - Dolj County - Economy
The county is mainly an agricultural one with land ideal for growing Cereals, vegetables and wines. The industry is manly located in the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pronoia: Encyclopedia Ii - Pronoia - Pronoia In The 12th Century
Alexius' grandson Manuel I Comnenus continued to grant land to the aristocrats, but also extended pronoiai to aristocratic officers in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Greece - Ancient Greece
There are no fixed or universally agreed dates for the beginning or the end of the Ancient Greek period. In common usage it refers to al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ukraine: Encyclopedia Ii - Ukraine - History
Human settlement in the territory of Ukraine has been documented into distant prehistory. The late neolithic Trypillian culture flourishe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Timiş County: Encyclopedia Ii - Timiş County - Demographics
In 2000, it had a population of 684,506 and the population density was 79/km². In 2004, it had a population of 659,512 and the populatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Moldova: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Moldova - Medieval History
The greatest Moldavian prince was Ştefan cel Mare, or Stefan the Great (ruled 1457-1504). With his army of boyars and retainers, Stefan ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hungarian Prehistory: Encyclopedia Ii - Hungarian Prehistory - Sciences Utilised In The Quest For Hungarian Origins
Hungarian prehistory - Anthropology and Genetics. Anthropology can point to the Hungarian homeland through physiological research. The ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Dobruja: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Dobruja - Modern Age
The Constanţa-Cernavoda railroad was opened in 1860. The centuries of Ottoman rule led to the colonisation of Dobruja with Turks and to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Stefan Dušan: Encyclopedia Ii - Stefan Dušan - Biography
He was the first-born son of Stefan of Decani and Theodora, daughter of Bulgarian tsar Smilets. Early in his life he visited Constantinop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Invasion Of Grenada: Encyclopedia Ii - Invasion Of Grenada - Naval Forces Involved
Amphibious Squadron Four USS Guam (LPH-9), USS Barnstable County (LST-1197), USS Manitowoc (LST-1180), USS Fort Snelling (LSD-30), USS Tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Novi Sad: Encyclopedia Ii - Novi Sad - History
Human settlement in the territory of present-day Novi Sad has been traced as far back as the Stone Age (about 4500 BC). This settlement w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Romania: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Romania - Kingdom Of Romania
Main article: Kingdom of Romania History of Romania - The Old Kingdom. In 1866, the German prince Carol I (Charles or Karl) of Hohenzol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prizren: Encyclopedia Ii - Prizren - History
The city of Prizren has existed for at least a thousand years, becoming the seat of a bishopric under the Byzantine Empire in 1019. It wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vladimir I Of Kiev: Encyclopedia Ii - Vladimir I Of Kiev - Bloody Way To The Throne
Vladimir was the youngest son of Svyatoslav I by his slave girl Malusha, described in the Norse sagas as a prophetess who lived to the ag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paulicianism: Encyclopedia Ii - Paulicianism - History
The founder of the sect was Constantine-Silvanus, who hailed from Mananalis, a dualistic community near Samosata, and was a strong Christ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ottoman Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Ottoman Greece - Ottoman Rule
The consolidation of Ottoman rule was followed by two distinct trends of Greek migration. The first entailed Greek intellectuals, such as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Odessa: Encyclopedia Ii - Odessa - History
Odessa - From Foundation to the End of 19th Century. In the 14th century, Crimean Tatars traded in the Odessa region. The town was rule...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ottoman Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Ottoman Greece - Ottoman Rule
When the Ottomans arrived in Greece, two Greek migrations occurred. The first migration entailed the Greek intelligentsia migrating to We...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - History
Main Article: History of Greece. Greece - Prehistory and antiquity. The shores of Greece's Aegean Sea saw the emergence of the first ci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isaac Ii Angelus: Encyclopedia Ii - Isaac Ii Angelus - Family
The identity of Isaac's first wife is unknown, but her name, Herina, is found on the necrology of Speyer Cathedral, where their daughter ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Macedonians Ethnic Group: Encyclopedia Ii - Macedonians Ethnic Group - Macedonians After The Second World War
After the Second World War, the Communist Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito decided that the policy of Serbianization in Macedonia had fail...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Leo Vi: Encyclopedia Ii - Leo Vi - Background
He inherited from his father Basil I an empire that was stronger than it ever had been since the height of the Roman Empire in the 3rd ce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sofia: Encyclopedia Ii - Sofia - Culture
Sofia offers a rich and diverse culture. Sofia, the capital city of Bulgara, one of the oldest countries in Europe, blends the old and ne...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Stalin And Changes In Soviet Society
Joseph Stalin - Industrialization. Main article: Industrialization of the USSR. The Russian Civil War and War communism had a devastati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Greece: Encyclopedia Ii - Greece - History
Main Article: History of Greece. Greece - Prehistory and antiquity. The shores of Greece's Aegean Sea saw the emergence of the first ci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Macedonians Ethnic Group: Encyclopedia Ii - Macedonians Ethnic Group - Macedonians After The Second World War
After the Second World War, the Communist Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito decided that the policy of Serbianization in Macedonia had fail...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazar Correspondence: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazar Correspondence - Text Of The Correspondence
Khazar Correspondence - Hasdai's Letter to King Joseph. I, Hasdai, son of Isaac, son of Ezra, belonging to the exiled Jews of Jerusalem...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Slavic Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Slavic Peoples - Ethno-cultural Subdivisions
Slavs are customarily divided into three major subgroups: East Slavs, West Slavs, and South Slavs, each with a somewhat different backgro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military Of The Ottoman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Military Of The Ottoman Empire - Origins
The first military of the Ottoman Empire was an army that was organized by Osman I from Turkish tribesmen inhabiting western Anatolia in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Republic Of Moldova: Encyclopedia Ii - Republic Of Moldova - History
Main article: History of Moldova Moldova's territory was inhabited in ancient times by Dacians. Strategical location due to the situation...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Izmail: Encyclopedia Ii - Izmail - History
The fortress of Izmail was built by Genoese merchants in the 12th century and later belonged to Moldavia, until around 1478 when it becam...   » Read the article