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Building engineering | A Wisdom Archive on Building engineering | | Building engineering A selection of articles related to Building engineering | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Building engineering | | | |  Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Project management - Project control variablesProject Management tries to gain control over five variables:
time - The amount of time required to complete the project. Typically broken down for analytical purposes into the time required to complete the components of the project, which is then further broken down into the time required to complete each task contributing to the completion of each component.
cost - Calculated from the time variable. Cost to develop an internal project is time multiplied by the cost of the team members involved. When hiring an independ ...
See also:Project management, Project management - Project Management activities, Project management - Project control variables, Project management - History of Project Management, Project management - Approaches, Project management - The traditional approach, Project management - Process-based management, Project management - Project management and professional certification, Project management - Case Studies, Project management - Literature Read more here: » Project management: Encyclopedia II - Project management - Project control variables |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Project management - Project management and professional certification There have been several attempts to develop project management standards, such as:
ISO 10006:1997, Quality management - Guidelines to quality in project management
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide)
PRINCE2 (Projects IN a Controlled Environment)
V-Modell (German project management method)
ISEB Project Management Syllabus
See also: An exhaustive list of standards (maturity models)
So far, there is no known attempt to develop a project management standard available unde ...
See also:Project management, Project management - Project Management activities, Project management - Project control variables, Project management - History of Project Management, Project management - Approaches, Project management - The traditional approach, Project management - Process-based management, Project management - Project management and professional certification, Project management - Case Studies, Project management - Literature Read more here: » Project management: Encyclopedia II - Project management - Project management and professional certification |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Project management - History of Project Management Project Management was not used as an isolated concept before the Sputnik crisis of the Cold War. After this crisis, the United States Department of Defense needed to speed up the military project process. New tools (models) for achieving this goal were invented. In 1958 they invented the Program Evaluation and Review Technique or PERT, as part of the Polaris missile submarine program. At the same time, the DuPont corporation invented a similar model called CPM, critical path method. PERT was later extended with a work breakdown structure or WBS. The process flow and structure of the ...
See also:Project management, Project management - Project Management activities, Project management - Project control variables, Project management - History of Project Management, Project management - Approaches, Project management - The traditional approach, Project management - Process-based management, Project management - Project management and professional certification, Project management - Case Studies, Project management - Literature Read more here: » Project management: Encyclopedia II - Project management - History of Project Management |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Project management - Approaches There are several approaches that can be taken to managing project activities including agile, iterative, incremental, and phased approaches.
A traditional phased approach identifies a sequence of steps to be completed. This contrasts with the agile software development or flexible product development approach at the other end of the spectrum, in which the project is seen as a series of relatively small tasks conceived and executed as the situation demands in an adaptive manner, ...
See also:Project management, Project management - Project Management activities, Project management - Project control variables, Project management - History of Project Management, Project management - Approaches, Project management - The traditional approach, Project management - Process-based management, Project management - Project management and professional certification, Project management - Case Studies, Project management - Literature Read more here: » Project management: Encyclopedia II - Project management - Approaches |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Project management - The traditional approach In the traditional approach, we can distinguish 5 components of a project (4 stages plus control) in the development of a project:
project initiation (Kickoff)
project planning
project production or execution
project monitoring or controlling
project completion
Not all projects will visit every stage as projects can be terminated before they reach completion. Some projects probably don't have the planning and/or the monitoring. ...
See also:Project management, Project management - Project Management activities, Project management - Project control variables, Project management - History of Project Management, Project management - Approaches, Project management - The traditional approach, Project management - Process-based management, Project management - Project management and professional certification, Project management - Case Studies, Project management - Literature Read more here: » Project management: Encyclopedia II - Project management - The traditional approach |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Building automation - Topology Most systems consist of a primary and secondary bus which contain programmable logic controllers, input/outputs and a user interface (also known as a human interface device).
The primary/secondary bus can be optical fiber, ethernet, ARCNET, RS-232, RS485 (aka EIA-485) or a wireless network.
Most controllers are proprietary. Each company has their own controllers which meet specific applications. Some are designed with limited control for example the Package Roof Top Unit. Others are designed to be flexible. Most have a proprietary software that will ...
See also:Building automation, Building automation - Topology, Building automation - Central Plants, Building automation - Air Handlers, Building automation - Lighting, Building automation - Alarms and Security, Building automation - Protocols and Industry Standards Read more here: » Building automation: Encyclopedia II - Building automation - Topology |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Soil mechanics - Effective Stress σ ' The concept of effective stress is central to understanding behaviour of soils under different conditions. Effective stress is a measurement of the load borne by the soil skeleton. This pressure determines the ability of soil to resist shear stress. If the effective stress in a soil is reduced to zero, quick condition is said to occur (see quicksand).
Effective stress (σ ' ) of a soil is calculated from two easily measured parameters, total stress (σ) and pore water pressure (μ) according to:
σ' = σ - μ< ...
See also:Soil mechanics, Soil mechanics - Basic Charateristics of Soils, Soil mechanics - Seepage, Soil mechanics - Effective Stress σ ', Soil mechanics - Total Stress σ, Soil mechanics - Pore water pressure μ, Soil mechanics - Shear strength, Soil mechanics - Stresses and Displacements, Soil mechanics - Consolidation theory, Soil mechanics - Lateral earth pressure, Soil mechanics - Bearing Capacity, Soil mechanics - Stability of Slopes, Soil mechanics - Ground Investigation Read more here: » Soil mechanics: Encyclopedia II - Soil mechanics - Effective Stress σ ' |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Insulation - Definition of insulation Insulation is any material used to reduce or “slow down” or “resist” the flow of energy. There are several different types of insulators:
Thermal insulators reduce the flow of heat.
Electrical insulators reduce the flow of electricity.
Acoustical insulators reduce the flow of sound.
A material may insulate well in more than one way. Some materials, such as diamond, are superb insulators in one way (electrical), but extremely poor insulators in another way (thermal). Purified synthet ...
See also:Insulation, Insulation - Definition of insulation, Insulation - Reasons for insulation, Insulation - Materials used for thermal insulation, Insulation - Batts and blankets, Insulation - Loose-fill and spray-in-place, Insulation - Spray foams foam-in-place, Insulation - Rigid panels, Insulation - Radiant barriers, Insulation - Uncommon or futuristic, Insulation - Asbestos - no longer used, Insulation - Health effects of fiberglass, Insulation - Effectiveness of insulation, Insulation - R-values, Insulation - Typical approximate R-values, Insulation - Where to insulate, Insulation - Insulating ducts and pipes, Insulation - Insulating around electrical fixtures, Insulation - Insulating exterior of foundation, Insulation - Self-insulating foundations, Insulation - Audits help and incentives, Insulation - Helpful Links Read more here: » Insulation: Encyclopedia II - Insulation - Definition of insulation |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Foundation stone - Modern Practices In modern practice, normally, a VIP of the organisation, or a local celebrity, will be invited to conduct the ceremony of figuratively beginning the foundations of the building, with the person's name and official position and the date being recorded on the stone. This person is usually asked to place their hand on the stone or otherwise signify its laying.
Often still, and certainly until the 1970s, most ceremonies involved the use of a specially manufactured and engraved trowel that had a formal use in laying mortar under the stone. ...
See also:Foundation stone, Foundation stone - Modern Practices, Foundation stone - History, Foundation stone - Freemasonry Read more here: » Foundation stone: Encyclopedia II - Foundation stone - Modern Practices |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Engineered wood - Characteristics Engineered wood products are used in a variety of applications, often replacing solid wood (lumber) due to a number of advantages. Because engineered wood is man-made, it can be designed to meet application-specific performance requirements. Unlike solid wood, large panels of engineered wood may be constructed from small trees. Further, engineered wood products are often stronger and less prone to humidity-induced warping. Engineered wood products are more expensive to produce than solid lumber in terms of time, money, and energy, but enjoy economic advantages when manufactured in large sizes due to the rarity of ...
See also:Engineered wood, Engineered wood - Types, Engineered wood - Characteristics, Engineered wood - See Also Read more here: » Engineered wood: Encyclopedia II - Engineered wood - Characteristics |
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| | | | Building engineering: Encyclopedia II - Corrosion - Resistance to corrosion Some metals are more intrinsically resistant to corrosion than others, either due to the fundamental nature of the electrochemical processes involved or due to the details of how reaction products form. Otherwise, many techniques can be used during an item's manufacture and use to protect its materials from damage.
Corrosion - Intrinsic chemistry.
The materials most resistant to corrosion are those for which corrosion is thermodynamically unfavorable. Any corrosion products of gold or platinum tend to deco ...
See also:Corrosion, Corrosion - Corrosion in nonmetals, Corrosion - Electrochemical theory, Corrosion - Galvanic series, Corrosion - Resistance to corrosion, Corrosion - Intrinsic chemistry, Corrosion - Passivation, Corrosion - Surface treatments, Corrosion - Cathodic protection, Corrosion - Corrosion in passivated materials, Corrosion - Pitting corrosion, Corrosion - Fretting, Corrosion - Weld decay and knifeline attack, Corrosion - Microbial corrosion, Corrosion - Economic impact Read more here: » Corrosion: Encyclopedia II - Corrosion - Resistance to corrosion |
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