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Buddhist Texts
There are a great variety of Buddhist texts. Buddhists place varying value on them: attitudes range from worship of the text itself, to d...
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Buddhist Texts: Encyclopedia - Buddhist Texts
There are a great variety of Buddhist texts. Buddhists place varying value on them: attitudes range from worship of the text itself, to d...
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Buddhist Texts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Texts - Canonical Texts
These are, in some way or other, texts associated with Gautama, the historical Buddha. Different schools, however, are not always in agre...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts
Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. Below are given a ...
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Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, who lived in what is now Northern India ...
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Vinaya Pitaka: Encyclopedia - Vinaya Pitaka
The Vinaya Pitaka is the first of three divisions of the Tripitaka, the canon of Buddhism. It mainly concerns the vinaya, or code of cond...
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Majjhima Nikaya: Encyclopedia - Majjhima Nikaya
The Majjhima Nikaya ("Collection of Middle-length Discourses") is the second of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, wh...
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Pali Canon: Encyclopedia - Pali Canon
The Pali Canon is one the earliest existing scripture collections of the Buddhist tradition. These scriptures were recited orally from th...
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Lankavatara Sutra: Encyclopedia - Lankavatara Sutra
The Lankavatara Sutra is one of the most important sutras (sacred texts) of Mahayana Buddhism. According to tradition, these are the actu...
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Uttarakuru: Encyclopedia - Uttarakuru
Uttarakuru was the name of ancient country and its people as numerously referenced in ancient Vedic, Brahmanical and the Buddhist texts a...
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Culavamsa: Encyclopedia - Culavamsa
The Culavamsa, also Chulavamsa, (Pāli: "lesser chronicle") is a historical record, written in the Pāli language, of the kings of Sri La...
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Mahavamsa: Encyclopedia - Mahavamsa
The Mahavamsa, also Mahawamsa, (Pāli: "great chronicle") is a historical record, written in the Pāli language, of the Buddhist kings of...
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Mahayana: Encyclopedia - Mahayana
Mahāyāna (literally "great vehicle"; from the Indian language of Sanskrit. Chinese: 大乘, Dàshèng; Japanese: 大乗, Daijō; Vietna...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia - Buddhist Terms And Concepts
Several Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term. Below are given a ...
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Lokaksema: Encyclopedia - Lokaksema
Lokaksema (Ch: 支娄迦谶 Zhi Loujiachan, sometimes abbreviated 支谶 Zhi Chan), born around 147 CE, The name "Lokaksema" translates...
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Anguttara Nikaya: Encyclopedia - Anguttara Nikaya
The Anguttara Nikaya ("Gradual Collection") is the fourth of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, which is one of the "...
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Digha Nikaya: Encyclopedia - Digha Nikaya
The Digha Nikaya ("Collection of Long Discourses") is the first of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka, which is one of...
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Advaita Vedanta: Encyclopedia - Advaita Vedanta
Advaita Vedanta (IAST advaita vedānta; Devanagari अद्वैत वेदान्त; IPA [ədvaitə vé:dα:ntə]) is probably th...
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Ashvakas: Encyclopedia - Ashvakas
The Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. They find mention in the Puranas, Mahabharata and other ancient Sanskrit ...
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Dao Xuan: Encyclopedia - Dao Xuan
Dao Xuan was the early Tang Dynasty author of a Standard Design for Buddhist Temple Construction, a Chinese language text advocating Budd...
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Zhi Yao: Encyclopedia - Zhi Yao
Zhi Yao (Ch:支曜) was a Kushan Buddhist monk of Yuezhi ethnicity who was involved with the translation of Buddhist texts into Chinese a...
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Mahaparinibbana Sutta: Encyclopedia - Mahaparinibbana Sutta
For the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, a text of East Asian Mahayana Buddhism, see Nirvana Sutra.
The Mahaparinibbana Sutta is a Buddhist su...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia - Buddhism
Buddhism, a religion and philosophy from ancient India, is based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, of the Shakyas. Hi...
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Amitabha Sutra: Encyclopedia - Amitabha Sutra
The Amitabha Sutra, or Shorter Sukhavativyuha Sutra (Chn: 佛說阿彌陀經), is a Mahayana Buddhist text associated with Pure Land Budd...
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Buddhist Texts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Texts - Vajrayana Texts
Buddhist texts - Buddhist tantras.
The canon of the Vajrayana schools includes a number of Nikaya-related texts from a number of the sc...
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Buddhist Texts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Texts - Mahayana Texts
See Mahayana Sutras for a list of sutras categorised by source, without discussion.
Buddhist texts - Perfection of Wisdom Texts.
Deal w...
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Buddhist Texts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Texts - Non-canonical Texts
Non or semi-canonical texts have been important from very early in Buddhism. Extensive commentaries exist in Pali for the Pali Canon and ...
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Buddhist Texts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Texts - Texts Of The Nikaya Schools
There is some dispute over what to call the more conservative stratum of Buddhist schools and the texts associated with them. The most wi...
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Gandhāran Buddhist Texts: Encyclopedia Ii - Gandhāran Buddhist Texts - The 1994 Afghan Manuscripts
In 1994 the British Library acquired a group of some eighty Gandharan manuscript fragments of the 1st or 2nd century. They were written o...
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Uttarakuru: Encyclopedia Ii - Uttarakuru - Buddhist Texts And Uttarakuru
Uttarakuru also finds numerous references in Buddhist literature, some times as a real land while at the other as a mythical region.
In D...
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Tibetan Buddhist Canon: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibetan Buddhist Canon - Esoteric Tradition
Tibetan Buddhist canon - Organisation of Tantric texts.
Tibetan Buddhism typically divides the Tantras into four hierarchical categorie...
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Tibetan Buddhist Canon: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibetan Buddhist Canon - Exoteric Tradition
In the Tibetan tradition, some collections of teachings and practices are held in greater secrecy than others. The sutra tradition is com...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Scriptures
The Buddhist canon of scripture is known in Sanskrit as the Tripitaka and in Pāli as the Tipitaka. These terms literally mean "three bas...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Buddhism And The West
Occasional intersections between Western civilization and the Buddhist world have been occurring for thousands of years. Perhaps the most...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Relations With Other Eastern Faiths
Some Hindus (primarily in the northern regions of India) believe that Gautama is the 9th incarnation (see avatar) of Vishnu; there are ac...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Principles Of Buddhism
Buddhism - The Three Marks of Existence.
According to the Buddhist tradition, all phenomena (dharmas) are marked by three characteristi...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Headline Text
Buddhism, a religion and philosophy from ancient India, is based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, of the Shakyas. His...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Origins
As with any history so old, there are many different stories of how the Buddha came to be, Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit सिद्ध...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - What Is A Buddha?
The term "Buddha" is a word in ancient Indian languages including Pāli and Sanskrit which means "one who has awakened". It is derived fr...
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Kamboja Horsemen: Encyclopedia Ii - Kamboja Horsemen - Buddhist Literature
Buddhist texts like Manorathapurni, Kunala Jataka and Samangalavilasini etc speak of Kamboja land as the land of horses:
Kambojo assa.na...
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Kamboja Horsemen: Encyclopedia Ii - Kamboja Horsemen - Miscellaneous
Besides several references cited above, other ancient texts like Brahmanda Purana (II, 2.16.16), Vamsa-Bhaskara, Madhyapithika, Kalidasa'...
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Mahayana: Encyclopedia Ii - Mahayana - Headline Text
The Mahayana scriptures were probably set in writing around the 1st century BCE. Some of them, such as the Perfection of Wisdom sutras, ...
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Kamboja Horsemen: Encyclopedia Ii - Kamboja Horsemen - Sanskrit Texts
The epics, Puranas and numerous other ancient Sanskrit texts all agree that the horses of the Kamboja, Bahlika and Sindhu regions were th...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - O
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
...
See also:Buddhist terms and concepts, Buddhist terms and...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - I
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
...
See also:Buddhist terms and concepts, Buddhist terms and...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - L
喇嘛
Cn: ??
Vi: lạt-ma
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
...
See also:Buddhist term...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - U
取
Cn: ??
Jp: shu
Vi: thủ
Sanskrit: upāsaka
近事男
Cn: ??
Vi: cận sự nam
from upasaka above
Sanskrit: upāsik...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - R
仁波切
Cn: ??
Japanese: 臨済宗 Rinzai-shū
臨済宗
Cn: Línjì-zōng
Vi: Lâm Tế tông
Japanese: 臘八 Rōhatsu
...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - V
金剛乘
Cn: ??
Vi: Kim cương thừa
Pāli, Sanskrit: vinaya-piṭaka
律藏
Cn: ??
Jp: Ritsuzō
Vi: Luật tạng
fr...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - Z
坐禪
Cn: zuòchán
Vi: toạ thiền
Japanese: 禪宗 Zen-shu
禪宗
Ch: Chán-zōn
Vi: Thiền tông
Japanese: 禅堂
禅堂
...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - G
合掌
Cn: ??
Vi: hiệp chưởng
Tibetan
Chinese 公案 gōng-àn
公案
Ko: gong'an
Jp: kōan
Vi: công án
Contents: Top...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - H
小乘
Cn: Xiǎochěng
Jp: Shōjō
Vi: Tiểu thừa
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
...
S...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - J
禪, 禅
Ch: chán
Jp: Zen
Vi: thiền-na or thiền
Japanese
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - K
業
Cn: yè
Jp: gō
Vi: nghiệp
Japanese: 見性 kenshō
見性
Cn: jiànxìng
Vi: kiến tính
Tibetan
Japanese: 經行 kinhin...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - B
有
Cn: ??
Jp: u
Vi: hữu
Pāli: bhikkhu
Sanskrit: bhikṣu
Tib: དགེ་སློང་ dge slong
Thai: ภิกษุ b...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - M
中觀宗
Cn: ??
Vi: Trung quán tông
Sanskrit: mahāsiddha
大成就
Cn: ??
Vi: đại thành tựu
Sanskrit: mahāyā...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - S
輪迴, 輪廻
Cn: ??
Jp: rinne
Vi: luân hồi
Japanese: 作務
Sanskrit: saṃvrti
Sanskrit: saṅgha
僧, 僧侶
Cn:...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - A
論藏, 論蔵
Cn: ??
Jp: ronzō
Vi: Luận tạng
Pāli: ācāriya
Sanskrit: ācārya
Thai: อาจารย์ Ajahn
阿...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - D
達賴喇嘛
Ch: ??
Jp: ??
Vi: Đạt Lai Lạt Ma or Đạt-lại Lạt-ma
Pāli, Sanskrit: dāna
布施
Cn: ??
Jp: ...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - N
Derivatives:
Namo Amitabha
Pāli: namo
Sanskrit: namaḥ or namas
Derivatives:
Sanskrit: namas amitābha
南無
Cn: nammu
Jp: nam...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - F
五箇五百歳
Cn: ??
Jp: 五箇の五百歳 go no gohyaku sai
Suffering: Dukkha (Sanskrit: duḥkhāryasatya; Thai: ทุก...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - T
愛
Cn: ??
Jp: ai
Vi: ái
Japanese
Sanskrit: tantra
怛特羅
Cn: ??
Vi: đát-đặc-la
Sanskrit: tathāgata
如来
...
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Buddhist Terms And Concepts: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Terms And Concepts - P
五蘊, 五陰, 五薀
Cn: wǔyùn
Jp: go-on sometimes go-un
Vi: ngũ uẩn
Sanskrit: paramārtha
Pāli: parami
Sanskrit: pāramitā...
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Buddhism In China: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism In China - History Of Buddhism In China
Buddhism in China - Arrival along the Silk Road.
The arrival of Buddhism in China followed the first contacts between China and Central...
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Ashvakas: Encyclopedia Ii - Ashvakas - Ashvakas Are The Kambojas
Ashvakas - Buddhist Texts evidence.
Aruppa-Niddesa of Visuddhimagga by Buddhaghosa describes the Kamboja land as the base of horses (10...
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Lokaksema: Encyclopedia Ii - Lokaksema - Activity In China
Lokaksema's work includes the translation of the Pratyutpanna Sutra, containing the first known mentions of the Buddha Amitabha and his P...
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Khuddaka Nikaya: Encyclopedia Ii - Khuddaka Nikaya - Divisions
This nikaya contains the following texts:
Khuddakapatha
Dhammapada
Udana
Itivuttaka
Sutta Nipata
Vimanavatthu
Petavatthu
Theragatha
Ther...
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Lokaksema: Encyclopedia Ii - Lokaksema - Origins
Lokaksema was a Kushan of Yuezhi ethnicity from Gandhara. His ethnicity is described in his adopted Chinese name by the prefix Zhi (Ch:...
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Uttarakuru: Encyclopedia Ii - Uttarakuru - Vedic Literature And Uttarakuru
Aitareya Brahmana makes first reference to Uttarakuru and Uttaramadra as real-life Janapadas and informs us that these two nations lied b...
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Uttarakuru: Encyclopedia Ii - Uttarakuru - Puranas And Uttarakuru
In later literature like Puranas, the Uttarakurus are sometimes described as mythical people and at other times their description seems i...
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Uttarakuru: Encyclopedia Ii - Uttarakuru - Mahabharata And Uttarakuru
Mahabharata sometimes figures the Uttarakuru as a fairy land. It is stated to be the ultimate abode of the blessed souls. The souls of th...
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Uttarakuru: Encyclopedia Ii - Uttarakuru - Foreign Sources On Uttarakuru
Ptolemy's Geography refers to Ottorokorai (Uttarakuru) tribe, Ottorokora as a city, and Ottorokoras as a river. The Ottorokora city is sh...
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Advaita Vedanta: Encyclopedia Ii - Advaita Vedanta - Salient Features Of Advaitism
Samkhya
Nyaya
Vaisheshika
Yoga
Purva Mimamsa
Advaita Vedanta
Vishishtadvaita
Dvaita
Carvaka
Jain
Buddhist
Logic
Advaita Vedanta - Thre...
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Advaita Vedanta: Encyclopedia Ii - Advaita Vedanta - Adi Sankara's Thoughts In A Summary
Adi Sankara's treatises on the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahma Sutras are his principal and almost undeniably his own works....
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Advaita Vedanta: Encyclopedia Ii - Advaita Vedanta - Important Books And Figures Of Advaita Vedanta
Advaita Vedanta - Mahavakya.
Mahavakya, or "the great sentences," state the unity of Brahman and Atman. They are 4 in number and their ...
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Advaita Vedanta: Encyclopedia Ii - Advaita Vedanta - Advaita And Science
According to some followers of Advaita, it may very well be a place where the scientific world intersects with the spiritual world. They ...
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Advaita Vedanta: Encyclopedia Ii - Advaita Vedanta - Adi Sankara: The Pillar Of Advaita
The first person to consolidate the principles of Advaita was Adi Sankara (आदि शंकर, pronounced as /α:di shənkərə, 788-...
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Advaita Vedanta: Encyclopedia Ii - Advaita Vedanta - Are The World And God Wholly False?
Advaita Vedanta - Status of the world.
People often get confused by Advaita teachings that the universe is false. Shankara says that th...
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Ashvakas: Encyclopedia Ii - Ashvakas - More Opinions From Scholars
Sir Thomas H. Holdich, in the his classic book, The Gates of India, writes that the Aspasians (Aspasios) represent the modern Kafirs (The...
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Arya: Encyclopedia Ii - Arya - Buddhism
The word Arya is very frequently used in Buddhist texts. Buddhist texts refer to this term much more often than do Hindu or Jain texts. B...
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Buddhist Music: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Music - Buddhist Chant
Buddhist chant is chant used in or inspired by Buddhism, including many genres in many cultures:
Repetition of the name of Amitabha in P...
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Greco-buddhist Monasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Greco-buddhist Monasticism - Background
Emperor Ashoka convened the third Buddhist council around 250 BCE at Pataliputra (today's Patna). It was held by the monk Moggaliputta.
T...
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Kamboja Horsemen: Encyclopedia Ii - Kamboja Horsemen - Ancient Inscriptions
Nalanda Grants of king Deva Pala of Bengal also refers to Kamboja horses as well as the Kamboja mares. It is notable that the Pala kings ...
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Kamboja Horsemen: Encyclopedia Ii - Kamboja Horsemen - Kamboja Elephants
The term Kamboja, according to ancient lexicons, also means elephant (Willimas Sanskrit-English Dictionary). See also:
Kambojo-hastimede...
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Buddhist Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Symbolism - The 32 Signs Of A Great Man And 80 Secondary Characteristics
Main article: Physical characteristics of the Buddha
Although the Buddha was not represented in human form until around the 1st century C...
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Buddhist Symbolism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhist Symbolism - The 32 Signs Of A Great Man, And 80 Secondary Characteristics
Main article: Physical characteristics of the Buddha
Although the Buddha was not represented in human form until around the 1st century C...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Buddhist Religious Philosophy And Branches
Buddhism has evolved into myriad schools that can be roughly grouped into three types: Nikaya, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Of the Nikaya sch...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Buddhism In The Modern World
Estimates of the number of Buddhists vary between 230 and 500 million, with 350 million as the most commonly cited figure. [5]
In norther...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Buddhism After The Buddha
Buddhism spread slowly in India until the powerful Mauryan emperor Ashoka converted to it and actively supported it. His promotion led to...
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Buddhism: Encyclopedia Ii - Buddhism - Practices Of Buddhism
Buddhism - Refuge in The Three Jewels.
Main Article: Refuge (Buddhism)
Buddhists seek refuge in the "Three Jewels" of Buddhism as the f...
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Early Buddhist Schools: Encyclopedia Ii - Early Buddhist Schools - Legacy
The Theravāda School of Sri Lanka, Burma, and Thailand is descended from the Sthaviravādin School.
Some remnants of other early schools...
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Menander I: Encyclopedia Ii - Menander I - Menander And Buddhism
Menander I - The Milinda Pañha.
According to tradition, Menander embraced the Buddhist faith, as described in the Milinda Pañha, a cl...
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Avatamsaka (flower Ornament) Sutra:
Buddhist - Buddhism Dictionary On Avatamsaka (flower Ornament) Sutra
Avatamsaka (Flower Ornament) Sutra The basic text of the Avatamsaka School. It is one of the longest sutras in the Buddhist Canon and...
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Buddhaghosa:
Eastern Philosophy Dictionary On Buddhaghosa
Buddhaghosa: fourth century CE Buddhist philosopher and author of The Path of Purity (Visuddhimagga), among the most important texts i...
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Lotus Sutra:
Eastern Philosophy Dictionary On Lotus Sutra
Lotus Sutra (saddharma-pundarika): An early Mahayana Buddhist text (composed between 100 BCE and 200 CE) which emphasizes the means-to...
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Lankavatra Sutra:
Eastern Philosophy Dictionary On Lankavatra Sutra
Lankavatra Sutra: 4th century CE Mahayana Buddhist text of the Yogacara school which is most noted for its lengthy discussion of nirva...
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Dictionary
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Khuddaka-patha:
Spiritual - Theosophy
Dictionary On
Khuddaka-patha
Khuddaka-patha (Pali) (from khuddaka little one + patha reading, text) A Buddhist scripture given to neophytes upon joining the...
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Dictionary
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Amagandha Sutta:
Spiritual
- Theosophy
Dictionary On Amagandha Sutta
Amagandha Sutta (Pali) Buddhist text (BCW 11:470-1).
(See also: Amagandha Sutta , Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism...
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Encyclopedia
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Xuanzang: Encyclopedia Ii - Xuanzang - Legacy
Xuanzang was known for his strenuous translation of Indian Buddhist texts to Chinese, and subsequent recoveries of lost Indian Buddhist t...
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Dictionary
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Tripitaka:
Buddhist - Buddhism Dictionary On Tripitaka
Tripitaka Lit., three baskets: The earliest Buddhist canonical text consisting of three sections: Buddha's discourses (sutra...
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