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Brummie | A Wisdom Archive on Brummie | | Brummie A selection of articles related to Brummie | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Brummie | | | |  Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Brummagem - US usageIn the USA, the negative usage appears to have been longer-lasting. F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1922 novel The Beautiful and Damned uses the word twice: "It was one of the type known as 'tourist' cars, a sort of brummagem Pullman ... a single patch of vivid green trees that guaranteed the brummagem umbrageousness of Riverside Drive". Gilbert Seldes, in his 1924 book The Seven Lively Arts, wrote in praise of Krazy Kat: "everything paste and brummagem has had its vogue with us; and a genuine, hone ...
See also:Brummagem, Brummagem - History, Brummagem - 19th century, Brummagem - Modern usage, Brummagem - US usage, Brummagem - Brummagem in song Read more here: » Brummagem: Encyclopedia II - Brummagem - US usage |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Architecture Although Birmingham has existed as a settlement for over a thousand years, today's city is overwhelmingly a product of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, as the real growth of the city began with the Industrial Revolution. Consequently, relatively few buildings survive from its earlier history.
Traces of medieval Birmingham can be seen in the oldest churches, notably the original parish church, St Martin's in the Bullring, where a church has stood since at least the 12th century. The current church (begun around 1290) was extensively ...
See also:Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Architecture |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - English English - Radio and TV featuring regional English accents Misrepresentations can also appear in the media. The soap "Emmerdale" is set in Yorkshire, yet some of the actors have Lancashire accents. "Coronation Street" is set in Lancashire, yet some of the actors speak with Yorkshire accents. It's fair to say both programmes have actors from either side of the pennines. "The Archers" has had characters with a variety of different West Country accents (see Mummerset).
The shows of Ian La Frenais and Dick Clement have often included a variety of regional accents, the most notable being Auf Wi ...
See also:English English, English English - General features, English English - Southern England, English English - Midlands, English English - West Midlands, English English - East Midlands, English English - Northern England, English English - General features, English English - Liverpool Scouse, English English - Yorkshire, English English - Lancashire, English English - Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the northeast, English English - Celebrity examples of accents, English English - Radio and TV featuring regional English accents Read more here: » English English: Encyclopedia II - English English - Radio and TV featuring regional English accents |
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| | | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Geography The city of Birmingham is situated on an area of high ground, around 150-200 metres above sea level. The main north-south watershed of Britain actually passes through Birmingham. This high ground makes Birmingham prone to tornadoes which were witnessed in mid-2005
To the south west of the city lie the Clent Hills and Walton Hill, which reach 315 m and have good views over the city.
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See also:Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Geography |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - English English - Northern England
English English - General features.
There are several accent features which are common to most of the accents of northern England.
The "short a" vowel of cat, trap is normally pronounced [a] rather than the [æ] found in traditional Received Pronunciation and in many forms of American English.
The accents of Northern England generally do not use a broad A, so cast ...
See also:English English, English English - General features, English English - Southern England, English English - Midlands, English English - West Midlands, English English - East Midlands, English English - Northern England, English English - General features, English English - Liverpool Scouse, English English - Yorkshire, English English - Lancashire, English English - Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the northeast, English English - Celebrity examples of accents, English English - Radio and TV featuring regional English accents Read more here: » English English: Encyclopedia II - English English - Northern England |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - English English - Midlands
English English - West Midlands.
The best known accents in the West Midlands area are the Birmingham accents (see "Brummie") and the Black Country accent (Yam Yam).
Dialect verbs are used, for example am for are, ay for is not (related to ain't), bay for are not, bin for am or, emphatically, for are. Hence the following joke dialogue about bay windows: "What sort of windas am them?" "They'm bay windas." "Well if ...
See also:English English, English English - General features, English English - Southern England, English English - Midlands, English English - West Midlands, English English - East Midlands, English English - Northern England, English English - General features, English English - Liverpool Scouse, English English - Yorkshire, English English - Lancashire, English English - Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the northeast, English English - Celebrity examples of accents, English English - Radio and TV featuring regional English accents Read more here: » English English: Encyclopedia II - English English - Midlands |
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| | | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Economy Birmingham is an important manufacturing and engineering centre, employing over 100,000 people in industry and contributing billions of pounds to the national economy. Over a quarter of the UK's exports originate in the greater Birmingham area.
Birmingham's industrial heritage predates the Industrial Revolution, and up until the 20th Century the city maintained a tradition of individual craftsmen, sometimes working independently in their own back yards or on piecework rates in rented workshops, alongside larger factories. During the I ...
See also:Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Economy |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - English English - Southern England In general, Southern English accents are distinguished from Northern English accents primarily by the use of broad A (that is, words like "cast" and "bath" are pronounced /kɑːst/, /bɑːθ/ rather than /kæst/, /bæθ/. There are other peculiarities in specific regions. Accents originally the upper-cla ...
See also:English English, English English - General features, English English - Southern England, English English - Midlands, English English - West Midlands, English English - East Midlands, English English - Northern England, English English - General features, English English - Liverpool Scouse, English English - Yorkshire, English English - Lancashire, English English - Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the northeast, English English - Celebrity examples of accents, English English - Radio and TV featuring regional English accents Read more here: » English English: Encyclopedia II - English English - Southern England |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Transport Due in part to its central location in England, Birmingham is a major transport hub on the motorway, rail, and canal networks.
It is served by a number of major roads, including the M5, M6, M6 Toll, M40, and M42 motorways. Junction 6 of the M6 is also one of Birmingham's most famous landmarks, and probably the most famous motorway junction in the UK: Spaghetti Junction, officially called the Gravelly Hill Interchange.
Local public transport is by bus, local train and tram (the Midland Metro light railway system between the city ...
See also:Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Transport |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Famous residents Neville Chamberlain, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Ozzy Osbourne are a few of the many famous names associated with Birmingham.
For a larger list see List of famous residents of Birmingham
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See also:Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Twinning Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Famous residents |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - Phonological history of NG
Phonological history of English consonants - NG coalescence.
NG coalescence (or the singer-finger split) is the name given to a sound change in the history of English by which word-final [g] was deleted after [ŋ] in words like sing; this sound change happened around the end of the 16th century.
As a result of NG coalescence, Middle English [sɪŋ ...
See also:Phonological history of English consonants, Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Y-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Other initial cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Final cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Phonological history of NG, Phonological history of English consonants - NG coalescence, Phonological history of English consonants - G-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping and h-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of velar fricatives in English, Phonological history of English consonants - Taut-taught merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Wait-weight merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Lock-loch merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of dental fricatives in English dialects, Phonological history of English consonants - TH fronting, Phonological history of English consonants - TH stopping, Phonological history of English consonants - Vent-went merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Initial fricative voicing Read more here: » Phonological history of English consonants: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - Phonological history of NG |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping and h-adding
Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping.
H-dropping is a colloquial term used to describe the omission of initial /h/ in words like house, heat, and hangover in many dialects of English, such as Cockney and Estuary English. The practice is generally stigmatised. The same phenomenon occurs in many other languages, such as Serbian, and Late Latin, the ancestor of the modern Romance languages. Interestingly, both French ...
See also:Phonological history of English consonants, Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Y-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Other initial cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Final cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Phonological history of NG, Phonological history of English consonants - NG coalescence, Phonological history of English consonants - G-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping and h-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of velar fricatives in English, Phonological history of English consonants - Taut-taught merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Wait-weight merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Lock-loch merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of dental fricatives in English dialects, Phonological history of English consonants - TH fronting, Phonological history of English consonants - TH stopping, Phonological history of English consonants - Vent-went merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Initial fricative voicing Read more here: » Phonological history of English consonants: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping and h-adding |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Food & drink Birmingham based Breweries included Ansells, Davenports and Mitchells & Butlers. Aston Manor Brewery is currently the only brewery of any significant size.
Many fine Victorian pubs and bars can still be found across the city. The oldest inn in Birmingham is the Old Crown in Deritend (circa 1450). The Anchor Inn (1797), is also nearby in Digbeth.
Famous food brands from Birmingham include Typhoo tea, Birds custard, Blue Bird Toffee, Bournville cocoa, Cadbury chocolate, an ...
See also:Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Food & drink |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of dental fricatives in English dialects
Phonological history of English consonants - TH fronting.
TH fronting is a merger that occurs (historically independently) in Cockney, Newfoundland English, African American Vernacular English, and Liberian English (though the details differ among those accents), by which Early Modern English [θ, ð] merge with [f, v]. (Wells 1982: 96–97, 328–30, 498, 500, ...
See also:Phonological history of English consonants, Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Y-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Other initial cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Final cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Phonological history of NG, Phonological history of English consonants - NG coalescence, Phonological history of English consonants - G-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping and h-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of velar fricatives in English, Phonological history of English consonants - Taut-taught merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Wait-weight merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Lock-loch merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of dental fricatives in English dialects, Phonological history of English consonants - TH fronting, Phonological history of English consonants - TH stopping, Phonological history of English consonants - Vent-went merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Initial fricative voicing Read more here: » Phonological history of English consonants: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of dental fricatives in English dialects |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions
Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions.
Glide cluster reductions
The wine-whine merger is a merger by which the sound /ʍ/ or sequence /hw/ (spelt wh) becomes [w].
The yew-hew merger is a process that causes the cluster /hj/ to be reduced to /j/.
The hl-cluster, hr-cluster and ...
See also:Phonological history of English consonants, Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Y-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Other initial cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Final cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Phonological history of NG, Phonological history of English consonants - NG coalescence, Phonological history of English consonants - G-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping and h-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of velar fricatives in English, Phonological history of English consonants - Taut-taught merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Wait-weight merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Lock-loch merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of dental fricatives in English dialects, Phonological history of English consonants - TH fronting, Phonological history of English consonants - TH stopping, Phonological history of English consonants - Vent-went merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Initial fricative voicing Read more here: » Phonological history of English consonants: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions |
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| | | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Germanic languages - Writing Our earliest evidence of Germanic is from names, recorded in the 1st century by Tacitus, and in a single instance in the 2nd century BC, on the Negau helmet. From roughly the 2nd century AD, some speakers of early Germanic dialects developed the Elder Futhark. Early runic inscriptons are also largely limited to personal names, and difficult to interpret. The Gothic language was written in the Gothic alphabet developed by Bishop Ulfilas for his translation of the Bible in the 4th century. Later, Christian priests and monks who spoke and read ...
See also:Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Characteristics of some Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Writing, Germanic languages - Linguistic Markers, Germanic languages - History, Germanic languages - Classification, Germanic languages - Vocabulary comparison Read more here: » Germanic languages: Encyclopedia II - Germanic languages - Writing |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Germanic languages - History All Germanic languages are thought to be descended from a hypothetical Proto-Germanic, united by their having been subjected to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law. These took place probably during the Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe from ca. 500 BC, but other common innovations separating Germanic from Proto-Indo European suggest a common history of pre-Proto-Germanic speakers throughout the Nordic Bronze Age.
From the time of their earliest attestation, the Germanic dialects are divided into three groups, West, Ea ...
See also:Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Characteristics of some Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Writing, Germanic languages - Linguistic Markers, Germanic languages - History, Germanic languages - Classification, Germanic languages - Vocabulary comparison Read more here: » Germanic languages: Encyclopedia II - Germanic languages - History |
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| | | | | Brummie: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Culture and arts
Birmingham - Popular music.
Although its music scene is not as renowned as those of Liverpool or Manchester, Birmingham has had a vibrant and varied musical history over the last half-century.
In the 1960s, the "Brum Beat" era featured blues and early progressive rock bands such as The Fortunes, Spencer Davis Group, Traffic, The Move and The Moody Blues.
The city is often described as the birthplace of heavy metal music, with Judas Priest and Black Sabbath coming from Birmingham. Robert Plant and John Bo ...
See also:Birmingham, Birmingham - History, Birmingham - Geography, Birmingham - Economy, Birmingham - Architecture, Birmingham - Politics, Birmingham - Places of interest, Birmingham - Famous residents, Birmingham - Transport, Birmingham - Education, Birmingham - Sport, Birmingham - Food & drink, Birmingham - Culture and arts, Birmingham - Popular music, Birmingham - Classical music, Birmingham - Theatre, Birmingham - Literature, Birmingham - Visual art, Birmingham - Festivals and shows, Birmingham - Film and media, Birmingham - Science and invention, Birmingham - Partner cities Read more here: » Birmingham: Encyclopedia II - Birmingham - Culture and arts |
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