British House of Commons

Main article: History of the Republic of Ireland The partition of Ireland came about because of complex constitutional developments in the early twentieth century. From 1 January 1801 until 6 December 1922, Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Famine in 1845-1847, in which 1.5 million Irish died, was followed by enormous emigration. From 1874, but particularly from 1880 under Charles Stewart Parnell, the Irish Parliamentary Party moved to prominence with its attempts to achieve Home Rule, ...

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Republic of Ireland, Republic of Ireland - Name, Republic of Ireland - History, Republic of Ireland - Politics, Republic of Ireland - Role of the Catholic Church in national affairs, Republic of Ireland - Counties, Republic of Ireland - Geography, Republic of Ireland - Economy, Republic of Ireland - Demographics, Republic of Ireland - Culture

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Archbishops of Dublin came to be major players in the formation of Irish policy in the independent era, and none more so than John Charles McQuaid, Archbishop of Dublin from the 1940s to the early 1970s. By the 1980s, however, and in particular in the 1990s, the Catholic Church lost much of its influence in all walks of life, from politics to the sexual mores of ordinary Irish Catholics. The sexual scandals of the 1990s, when it was revealed that a small number of Roman Catholic clergy had sexually molested young people, particularly hit the ...

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St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral, St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral - Why a pro-cathedral not a full cathedral?, St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral - Origins of 'the Pro', St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral - Plans for a full cathedral, St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral - Primate of Ireland, St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral - State ceremony in the Pro-Cathedral, St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral - The physical layout of the Pro-Cathedral, St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral - Catholicism in Dublin, St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral - The new Archbishop Diarmuid Martin, St. Mary's Pro-Cathedral - External link

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The Stonehenge complex was built in several construction phases spanning 2,000 years, although there is evidence for activity both before and afterwards on the site. Dating and understanding the various phases of activity at Stonehenge is not a simple task; it is complicated by poorly-kept early excavation records, surprisingly few accurate scientific dates and the disturbance of the natural chalk by periglacial effects and animal burrowing. The modern phasing most generally agreed by archaeologists is detailed below. Features mention ...

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Stonehenge, Stonehenge - Etymology, Stonehenge - Development of Stonehenge, Stonehenge - Before the monument, Stonehenge - Stonehenge 1, Stonehenge - Stonehenge 2, Stonehenge - Stonehenge 3i, Stonehenge - Stonehenge 3ii, Stonehenge - Stonehenge 3iii, Stonehenge - Stonehenge 3iv, Stonehenge - Stonehenge 3v, Stonehenge - Stonehenge 3vi, Stonehenge - After the monument, Stonehenge - Theories about Stonehenge, Stonehenge - Early interpretations, Stonehenge - Archaeoastronomy and Stonehenge, Stonehenge - The bluestones, Stonehenge - Stonehenge as part of a ritual landscape, Stonehenge - Construction techniques and design, Stonehenge - Alternative views, Stonehenge - Excavations at Stonehenge, Stonehenge - Myths and legends, Stonehenge - Recent history, Stonehenge - Laser scanning the Bronze Age dagger and axes at Stonehenge, Stonehenge - Replicas and derivative names

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Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 2001-2003 - Continued from Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 1997-2000. February, 2001 British and US forces carry out bombing raids in an attempt to disable Iraq's air defense network. May 14, 2002 The UN Security Council passes resolution 1409, which reaffirms UN members commitment to maintaining the territorial integri ...

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Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 2001-2003, Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 2001-2003 - Timeline of events related to the Iraq disarmament crisis, Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 2001-2003 - Continued from Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 1997-2000, Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 2001-2003 - 2003, Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 2001-2003 - Continued at 2003 Iraq war timeline

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The written history of Scotland largely began with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now England and Wales, administering it as a Roman province called Britannia. Much of Southern Scotland was indirectly controlled by Rome. To the north was territory not conquered by the Romans—Caledonia, peopled by the Picts, with the Scots of Dalriada in Argyll. Pictland became dominated by the Pictish sub-kingdom of Fortriu, but the Kingdom of Scotland is traditionally dated from 843, when Cináed mac Ai ...

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Scotland, Scotland - Etymology, Scotland - History, Scotland - Politics, Scotland - Law, Scotland - Subdivisions, Scotland - Geography, Scotland - Climate, Scotland - Economy, Scotland - Demographics, Scotland - Language, Scotland - Religion, Scotland - Education, Scotland - Culture, Scotland - Music, Scotland - Literature, Scotland - Sport, Scotland - Media, Scotland - National symbols, Scotland - Gallery of Images

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Section Three establishes the Senate. As noted above, the Senate is often referred to as the "upper house" of Congress, though both chambers are roughly equal in terms of power bestowed by the Constitution. Nevertheless, as there are far fewer Senators than Representatives, and since Senators serve for longer terms, the average Senator tends to be more influential than her or his counterpart in the other body. Senators sometimes implicitly asserted—especially in the chamber's early history—that theirs was the superior house of Con ...

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Article One of the United States Constitution, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 1: The Congress, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 2: The House of Representatives, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 2 Clause 1: Term and Electors, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 2 Clause 2: Qualifications, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 2 Clause 3: Apportionment, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 2 Clause 4: Vacancies, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 2 Clause 5: Speaker other officers and impeachment, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 3: The Senate, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 3 Clause 1: Composition and selection, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 3 Clause 2: Classes of senators and vacancies, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 3 Clause 3: Qualifications, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 3 Clause 4: Vice President as presiding official, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 3 Clause 5: President pro tempore and other Senate officers, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 3 Clause 6: Impeachment trials, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 3 Clause 7: Impeachment judgements, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 4: Elections and meetings, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 5: Procedure, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 6: Compensation privilege restriction on holding civil office, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 7: Bills, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 8: Powers of Congress, Article One of the United States Constitution - Commerce Clause, Article One of the United States Constitution - Other powers of Congress, Article One of the United States Constitution - Necessary and Proper clause, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 9: Limits on Congress, Article One of the United States Constitution - Section 10: Limits on the states

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The Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain were merged on 1 January 1801 to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Throughout the 19th century Irish opposition to the Union was strong, occasionally erupting in violent insurrection. In the 1830s and 1840s attempts had been made under the leadership of Daniel O'Connell to repeal the Act of Union 1800 and restore the Kingdom of Ireland, without breaking the British connection. These attempts to achieve what was simply called repeal failed. Home Ru ...

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Home Rule Act 1914, Home Rule Act 1914 - Origins, Home Rule Act 1914 - The battle for Home Rule, Home Rule Act 1914 - The Parliament Act, Home Rule Act 1914 - The Third Home Rule Bill, Home Rule Act 1914 - Conflict of interests, Home Rule Act 1914 - The shaping of Partition, Home Rule Act 1914 - An Act overtaken by events, Home Rule Act 1914 - Attempted implementation, Home Rule Act 1914 - The Aftermath, Home Rule Act 1914 - War of Independence, Home Rule Act 1914 - Treaty Partition

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American Revolutionary War - Massachusetts 1774 to 1776. In 1774, the British parliament effectively abolished the provincial government of Massachusetts. Lieutenant General Thomas Gage, already the commander-in-chief of British troops in North America, was also appointed governor of Massachusetts and was instructed by King George's government to enforce royal authority in the troublesome colony. However, popular resistance compelled the newly appointed royal officials in Massachusetts to resign or to seek refuge ...

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American Revolutionary War, American Revolutionary War - Combatants, American Revolutionary War - Political Crisis of 1775-1776, American Revolutionary War - European nations, American Revolutionary War - Blacks and Native Americans, American Revolutionary War - War in the North, American Revolutionary War - Massachusetts 1774 to 1776, American Revolutionary War - Canada 1775 to 1776, American Revolutionary War - New York and New Jersey 1776 to 1777, American Revolutionary War - Saratoga Campaign 1777, American Revolutionary War - Philadelphia campaign 1777 to 1778, American Revolutionary War - War in the West, American Revolutionary War - War in the South, American Revolutionary War - Carolinas 1780 to 1781, American Revolutionary War - Virginia 1775 to 1781, American Revolutionary War - War at sea, American Revolutionary War - Gulf Coast, American Revolutionary War - Caribbean, American Revolutionary War - India, American Revolutionary War - Netherlands, American Revolutionary War - Mediterranean, American Revolutionary War - Whitehaven, American Revolutionary War - War's end, American Revolutionary War - Casualties, American Revolutionary War - Notes, American Revolutionary War - Scholarly Secondary Sources

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Andrew Carnegie - 1850-1860: A 'self made man'. Andrew Carnegie's education and passion for reading was given a great boost by one Colonel James Anderson, who opened his personal library of 400 volumes to working boys each Saturday night. Carnegie was a most persistent borrower. Andrew Carnegie was a "self made man" in the roundest possible sense insofar as it applied not only to his economic development but also to his intellectual and cultural development. His capacity and willingness for hard work, his perseverance, and ...

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Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Carnegie - Formative influences, Andrew Carnegie - The Carnegie family in Scotland, Andrew Carnegie - Immigration to America, Andrew Carnegie - Early career, Andrew Carnegie - 1850-1860: A 'self made man', Andrew Carnegie - 1860-1865: Carnegie during the U.S. Civil War, Andrew Carnegie - Postwar years 1865-1880: Carnegie the investor, Andrew Carnegie - 1880-1890: Carnegie the scholar and activist, Andrew Carnegie - Carnegie the industrialist, Andrew Carnegie - 1885-1900: Building an empire of steel, Andrew Carnegie - 1901: The formation of U.S. Steel, Andrew Carnegie - 1901-1915: Carnegie the philanthropist, Andrew Carnegie - Later personal life, Andrew Carnegie - Controversial aspects of Carnegie's life, Andrew Carnegie - 1892: The Homestead strike, Andrew Carnegie - Carnegie and the Johnstown Flood, Andrew Carnegie - Philosophy, Andrew Carnegie - Writings, Andrew Carnegie - Trivia

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Arthur Wesley (later changed to Wellesley when his elder brother changed his surname in 1798) is believed to have been born in either in Mornington House, his family's social season Dublin residence, or at his family's seat of Dangan Castle near Trim in County Meath, both in Ireland. He was the third son of Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington. His exact date of birth is a matter of some contention. All that exists is a church registry of the event marked a few days after it must have occurred. The most likely date is 1 May 1769, but any da ...

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Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Early life, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Napoleonic Wars, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Wellington as soldier, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Later life, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Titles & Honours, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Peerage of the United Kingdom, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - British & Irish Honours, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - International Honours & Titles, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Nicknames, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Trivia, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - The Duke of Wellington's Government January 1828–November 1830, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - The Duke of Wellington's Caretaker Government November 1834–December 1834, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - References, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - External links

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Born in the New York Nursery and Child Hospital in New York City in 1882 to an Irish mother, he stated that his parents, Catherine Coll de Valera Wheelwright and Juan Vivion de Valera, a Spanish-Cuban settler and sculptor, were married in 1881 in New York. However, exhaustive trawls through church and state records by genealogists and by his most recent biographer, Tim Pat Coogan (1990) have failed to find either a church or civil record of the marriage. Furthermore, no birth, baptismal, marriage or death certificate has ever been found for ...

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Eamon de Valera, Eamon de Valera - Childhood, Eamon de Valera - Early political activity, Eamon de Valera - Easter Rising, Eamon de Valera - President of Dáil Éireann, Eamon de Valera - President of the Republic, Eamon de Valera - The Treaty, Eamon de Valera - Civil War, Eamon de Valera - Entry into the Free State Dáil: the 'empty formula', Eamon de Valera - President of the Executive Council, Eamon de Valera - De Valera's new Constitution - Bunreacht na hÉireann, Eamon de Valera - Neutrality in World War II, Eamon de Valera - Characteristics, Eamon de Valera - Analysis, Eamon de Valera - De Valera and Churchill clash on radio, Eamon de Valera - Post-War Period, Eamon de Valera - President of Ireland, Eamon de Valera - Overview, Eamon de Valera - Notes, Eamon de Valera - First Cabinet March 1932-February 1933, Eamon de Valera - Second Cabinet February 1933-July 1937, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - Third Cabinet July 1937-June 1938, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - Fourth Cabinet June 1938-July 1943, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - Fifth Cabinet July 1943-June 1944, Eamon de Valera - Sixth Cabinet June 1944-February 1948, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - Seventh Cabinet June 1951-June 1954, Eamon de Valera - Eighth Cabinet March 1957-June 1959, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - See Also

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Main article: History of Wales Humans first inhabited what is now Wales at the end of the last Ice Age. The first documented history was during the Roman occupation of Britain. At that time the area of modern Wales was divided into many tribes, of which the Silures in the south-east and the Ordovices in the central and north-west areas were the largest and most powerful. The Romans established a string of forts across what is now southern Wales, as far west as Carmarthen (Maridunum), and mined gold at Dolaucothi in Carmarthensh ...

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Wales, Wales - Origin of Name, Wales - History, Wales - Politics, Wales - Law, Wales - Geography, Wales - Subdivisions, Wales - Economy, Wales - Demographics, Wales - Language, Wales - Religion, Wales - Culture, Wales - Food, Wales - Music, Wales - Sport, Wales - Media, Wales - National symbols, Wales - Photos of Wales, Wales - Notable Welsh people

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1964 - January. January 1 - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. January 3 - Senator Barry Goldwater announces that he will seek the Republican nomination for President. January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the 15th century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I meet in Jerusalem. January 7 - A British firm, the Leyland Motor Corp., announces the sale of 450 buses to the Cuban government, challenging th ...

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1964, 1964 - Events, 1964 - January, 1964 - February, 1964 - March, 1964 - April, 1964 - May, 1964 - June, 1964 - July, 1964 - August, 1964 - September, 1964 - October, 1964 - November, 1964 - December, 1964 - Date unknown, 1964 - Births, 1964 - January, 1964 - February, 1964 - March, 1964 - April, 1964 - May, 1964 - June, 1964 - July, 1964 - August, 1964 - September, 1964 - October, 1964 - November, 1964 - December, 1964 - Unknown Date, 1964 - Deaths, 1964 - January, 1964 - February, 1964 - March, 1964 - April, 1964 - May, 1964 - June, 1964 - July, 1964 - August, 1964 - September, 1964 - October, 1964 - November, 1964 - December, 1964 - Nobel Prizes

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1971 - January. January 1 - British Divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 - 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. January 2 - A ban on television cigarette advertisements goes into effect in the United States. January 3 - BBC Open University begins in the United Kingdom January 7 - Howard Hughes breaks his silence to announce that his supposed biography is a forgery.

The most important organizational structures within the Bundestag are parliamentary groups (Fraktionen; sing. Fraktion), which are formed by political parties represented in the chamber which have gained more than 5% of the total votes; CDU and CSU have always formed a single united Fraktion. The size of a party's Fraktion determines the extent of its representation on legislative committees, the time slots alloted for speaking, the number of committee chairs it can hold, and its representation in executive ...

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Bundestag Germany, Bundestag Germany - History, Bundestag Germany - Tasks, Bundestag Germany - Election, Bundestag Germany - Election result, Bundestag Germany - Seats by party 16th Bundestag since general election on September 18th 2005, Bundestag Germany - List of Bundestage by Session, Bundestag Germany - Historic seat distribution in the German Bundestag, Bundestag Germany - Presidents since 1949, Bundestag Germany - Organization

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On 31 August 1997 Diana was involved in a car accident in the Pont de l'Alma road tunnel in Paris, along with her romantic companion Dodi Fayed, and their driver Henri Paul. Fayed's bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones, is the only person who survived the wreckage. Diana Princess of Wales - Circumstances. Late in the evening of Saturday 30 August, Diana and Fayed departed the Hôtel Ritz in Place Vendome, Paris, and drove along the north bank of the Seine. Shortly after midnight on 31 August, their Mercedes-Benz S 280 entered the underpass below the Place de l'Alma, pursued by nine French photograph ...

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Diana Princess of Wales, Diana Princess of Wales - Early years, Diana Princess of Wales - Family and Marriage, Diana Princess of Wales - Charity work, Diana Princess of Wales - AIDS, Diana Princess of Wales - Landmines, Diana Princess of Wales - Death, Diana Princess of Wales - Circumstances, Diana Princess of Wales - Subsequent events, Diana Princess of Wales - Conspiracy theories, Diana Princess of Wales - Funeral and public reaction, Diana Princess of Wales - Styles, Diana Princess of Wales - Lineage

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History of the Jews in England - William I to Henry I: 1066–1135. There is no evidence of Jews residing in England before the Norman Conquest; all permanent Jewish residents came from Normandy and other areas of northern France. The Norman Jews were primarily moneylenders, because they could not own land nor participate in trades (except for medicine). Catholic doctrine held that moneylending for interest was a sin; therefore, Jews dominated this business. The few references in the Anglo-Saxon laws of th ...

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History of the Jews in England, History of the Jews in England - Early history, History of the Jews in England - William I to Henry I: 1066–1135, History of the Jews in England - Stephen to Henry II: 1126–1189, History of the Jews in England - Massacres at London and York 1189–1190, History of the Jews in England - Ordinance of the Jewry 1194, History of the Jews in England - Under John 1205-1216, History of the Jews in England - Increasing Persecution 1200s, History of the Jews in England - The Statutum de Judaismo 1275, History of the Jews in England - Leadership of the Chief Rabbis 1200s, History of the Jews in England - The Expulsion 1290, History of the Jews in England - Resettlement Period 1655-1800s, History of the Jews in England - Hidden Jews in England, History of the Jews in England - The Resettlement 1655, History of the Jews in England - Jews in England during the 1700s, History of the Jews in England - Emancipation and Growing Influence 1800s, History of the Jews in England - Modern Times, History of the Jews in England - Through the First World War, History of the Jews in England - Before and During World War II, History of the Jews in England - Today, History of the Jews in England - External link

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For the first two years of his residence he was miserable. He was homesick; he continually broke through the restraints imposed on young "writers"; and he was rarely out of trouble with his fellows, with one of whom he fought a duel. The effect of the climate on his health began to show itself in those fits of depression during one of which he eventually ended his life. His companions claimed, though he himself never spoke of it, that he twice snapped a pistol at his head in vain. His one solace was found in the governor's library, where he sought ...

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Robert Clive 1st Baron Clive, Robert Clive 1st Baron Clive - Early life, Robert Clive 1st Baron Clive - Arrival in India, Robert Clive 1st Baron Clive - Retirement

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Dublin and its inhabitants were transformed by the upheavals of the 16th and 17th centuries in Ireland. These saw the first thorough English conquest of the whole island under the Tudor dynasty. While the Old English community of Dublin and the Pale were happy with the conquest and disarmament of the native Irish, they were deeply alienated by the Protestant reformation that had taken place in England, being all almost all Roman Catholics. In addition, they were angered by being forced to pay for the English garrisons of the country through ...

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History of Dublin, History of Dublin - Medieval Dublin, History of Dublin - Colonial Dublin, History of Dublin - From a Medieval to a Georgian City, History of Dublin - Rebellion Union and Catholic Emancipation, History of Dublin - Late 19th Century, History of Dublin - Monto, History of Dublin - The Lockout, History of Dublin - The End of British Rule, History of Dublin - Independence, History of Dublin - Tackling the Tenements, History of Dublin - The Emergency, History of Dublin - Destruction of Georgian Dublin in the 1960s, History of Dublin - 1974 Bombings, History of Dublin - Regeneration of Dublin, History of Dublin - Heroin Problem, History of Dublin - Immigration, History of Dublin - Notes

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From that moment Palmerston appears to have directed his attention closely to foreign affairs; indeed he had already urged on the Duke of Wellington a more active interference in the affairs of Greece; he had made several visits to Paris, where he foresaw with great accuracy the impending revolution; and on 1 June 1829 he made his first great speech on foreign affairs. Palmerston was no orator; his language was unstudied, and his delivery somewhat embarrassed, but he generally found words to say the right thing at the right time and to addre ...

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Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston - Early Life and Career, Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston - As Foreign Secretary, Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston - As Prime Minister, Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston - Lord Palmerston's First Government February 1855 - February 1858, Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston - Changes, Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston - Lord Palmerston's Second Cabinet June 1859 - October 1865, Henry John Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston - Changes

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Born in Dublin, Ireland, Burke was the son of a Protestant solicitor and a Catholic mother, whose maiden name was Nagle. Burke was raised in his father's faith and would remain throughout his life a practicing Anglican. He received his early education at a Quaker school in Ballitore and in 1744 he proceeded to Trinity College, Dublin. In 1747, he set up a Debating Club, known as Edmund Burke's Club, which in 1770 merged with the Historical Club to form the College Historical Society. The minutes of the meetings of Burke's club remain in the ...

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Edmund Burke, Edmund Burke - Life, Edmund Burke - Political career, Edmund Burke - Response to the French Revolution, Edmund Burke - Influence and reputation, Edmund Burke - Speeches, Edmund Burke - Writings, Edmund Burke - Trivia, Edmund Burke - Notable quotations, Edmund Burke - Summary

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In parliamentary systems, government functions along the following lines: The formation of a government answerable to parliament by a member (sometimes the leader) of the party or parties; Full answerability of that government to parliament through The ability of parliament to pass a vote of no confidence. The requirement that the government gain and hold supply. Answerability for its actions to whichever representative legislative assembly (in a bicameral system often confusingly called the lower house, e.g ...

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Head of government, Head of government - Types and titles of Head of government, Head of government - A parliamentary prime minister, Head of government - Appointing the prime minister, Head of government - Removing the prime minister, Head of government - First among equals or dominating the cabinet?, Head of government - Official residence, Head of government - Sources and References

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