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breve | A Wisdom Archive on breve | | breve A selection of articles related to breve | |
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breve, Breve, Breve - Encoding breves
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO breve | | | |  breve: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - DiaeresisIn French, Greek and Dutch (but seldomly in English (compare: coëfficiënt in Dutch, but coefficient in English, yet in both languages the o and the e are pronounced separately)) the diaeresis is placed on a vowel to indicate that the second of a pair is to be pronounced as a separate vowel rather than being treated as silent or as part of a diphthong, as in the word naïve or the names Chloë and Zoë. Welsh also uses the diacritic for this purpose, with the diaeresis usually indicating the stressed vowel ...
See also:Umlaut diacritic, Umlaut diacritic - History, Umlaut diacritic - Printing conventions in German, Umlaut diacritic - Borrowing of German umlaut notation, Umlaut diacritic - Diaeresis, Umlaut diacritic - In Cyrillic, Umlaut diacritic - In computing, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts in HTML, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts via special key sequences, Umlaut diacritic - Time derivatives in mathematics, Umlaut diacritic - Use of the diacritic for special effects Read more here: » Umlaut diacritic: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - Diaeresis |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Pinyin - Other languages Pinyin-like systems have been devised for other variants of Chinese. Guangdong Romanization is a set of romanizations devised by the government of Guangdong province for Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka (Moiyen dialect), and Hainanese. All of these are designed to use Latin letters in a similar way to Pinyin.
In addition, in accordance to the "Regulation of Phonetic Transcription in Hanyu Pinyin Letters of Place Names in Minority Nationality Languages" (《少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法 》) promulgated in 1976, place ...
See also:Pinyin, Pinyin - Pronunciation, Pinyin - Initials, Pinyin - Finals, Pinyin - Rules given in terms of English pronunciation, Pinyin - Pronunciation of initials, Pinyin - Pronunciation of finals, Pinyin - Orthographic features, Pinyin - Tones, Pinyin - Rules for placing the tone mark, Pinyin - Miscellanea, Pinyin - Pinyin in Taiwan, Pinyin - Other languages, Pinyin - Controversy, Pinyin - Accessibility note Read more here: » Pinyin: Encyclopedia II - Pinyin - Other languages |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - In Cyrillic Diaeresis was used in the early Cyrillic alphabet which was used to write Old Church Slavonic. The modern Cyrillic Belarusian and Russian alphabets include the letter Yo (Ё, ё), although in modern Russian it is usually printed without the diaeresis (Е, е) unless doing so would create ambiguity. Since the 1870s, the letter Yi (Ї, ї) has been used in the Ukrainian alphabet. The Rusyn alphabe ...
See also:Umlaut diacritic, Umlaut diacritic - History, Umlaut diacritic - Printing conventions in German, Umlaut diacritic - Borrowing of German umlaut notation, Umlaut diacritic - Diaeresis, Umlaut diacritic - In Cyrillic, Umlaut diacritic - In computing, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts in HTML, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts via special key sequences, Umlaut diacritic - Time derivatives in mathematics, Umlaut diacritic - Use of the diacritic for special effects Read more here: » Umlaut diacritic: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - In Cyrillic |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - In computing
Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts in HTML.
Most character encodings treat the umlaut as the same diacritic mark as the diaeresis. In HTML, vowels with umlauts or diaereses can be entered with an entity reference of the form &?uml;, where ? can be any of a, e, i, o, u, y or their majuscule counterparts. With the exception of the uppercase Ÿ, these characters are also available in all of the ISO 885 ...
See also:Umlaut diacritic, Umlaut diacritic - History, Umlaut diacritic - Printing conventions in German, Umlaut diacritic - Borrowing of German umlaut notation, Umlaut diacritic - Diaeresis, Umlaut diacritic - In Cyrillic, Umlaut diacritic - In computing, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts in HTML, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts via special key sequences, Umlaut diacritic - Time derivatives in mathematics, Umlaut diacritic - Use of the diacritic for special effects Read more here: » Umlaut diacritic: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - In computing |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - Use of the diacritic for special effects The umlaut diacritic can be used in "sensational spellings", for example in advertising, or for other special effects.
As the German short a is more open than the equivalent sound in English (/æ/), Germans sometimes use the diacritic ä to imitate the English sound in writing, giving an English "feel" to words used in advertising; in a McDonald's restaurant in Germany one can buy a "Big Mäc".
Since the letter ü is very common in Turkish, its inappropriate use can make a text in another language lo ...
See also:Umlaut diacritic, Umlaut diacritic - History, Umlaut diacritic - Printing conventions in German, Umlaut diacritic - Borrowing of German umlaut notation, Umlaut diacritic - Diaeresis, Umlaut diacritic - In Cyrillic, Umlaut diacritic - In computing, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts in HTML, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts via special key sequences, Umlaut diacritic - Time derivatives in mathematics, Umlaut diacritic - Use of the diacritic for special effects Read more here: » Umlaut diacritic: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - Use of the diacritic for special effects |
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| | | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - Time derivatives in mathematics The derivative with respect to time is often represented as a dot above a variable. Two dots represents the second derivative.
This may be contrasted with the more common notation for a derivative using a prime:
In physics, a dot typically represents a (partial) time derivative while a prime represents a spatial derivative .
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See also:Umlaut diacritic, Umlaut diacritic - History, Umlaut diacritic - Printing conventions in German, Umlaut diacritic - Borrowing of German umlaut notation, Umlaut diacritic - Diaeresis, Umlaut diacritic - In Cyrillic, Umlaut diacritic - In computing, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts in HTML, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts via special key sequences, Umlaut diacritic - Time derivatives in mathematics, Umlaut diacritic - Use of the diacritic for special effects Read more here: » Umlaut diacritic: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - Time derivatives in mathematics |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - Printing conventions in German When typing German, if umlaut letters are not available, the proper way is to replace them with the underlying vowel and a following <e>. So, for example, "Schröder" becomes "Schroeder". As the pronunciation differs greatly between the normal letter and the umlaut, simply omitting the dots is considered incorrect and irritates native speakers. The result might often be a different word, and in fact sentences can be constructed where the meaning would change, for example "Der Hauptmann gab den Soldaten Stützen/Stutzen", in English: "T ...
See also:Umlaut diacritic, Umlaut diacritic - History, Umlaut diacritic - Printing conventions in German, Umlaut diacritic - Borrowing of German umlaut notation, Umlaut diacritic - Diaeresis, Umlaut diacritic - In Cyrillic, Umlaut diacritic - In computing, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts in HTML, Umlaut diacritic - Entering umlauts via special key sequences, Umlaut diacritic - Time derivatives in mathematics, Umlaut diacritic - Use of the diacritic for special effects Read more here: » Umlaut diacritic: Encyclopedia II - Umlaut diacritic - Printing conventions in German |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Acute accent - Palatalization In Polish, the acute accent is used over several letters - four consonants and one vowel. Over the consonants, it is used to indicate palatalization, rather as the háček is used in Czech and other Slavic languages; eg. sześć /ʃɛɕʨ/ (six) However, the Polish kreska is traditionally more nearly vertical than the acute, and placed slightly right of center. Over the vowel "ó" it indicates pronunciation change into [u] and historically was ...
See also:Acute accent, Acute accent - Openness, Acute accent - Length, Acute accent - Palatalization, Acute accent - Other uses, Acute accent - Use in English, Acute accent - Technical notes Read more here: » Acute accent: Encyclopedia II - Acute accent - Palatalization |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Stress and meter For all meters, the first beat (the "downbeat") is stressed; in time signatures with four groups in the bar (such as 4/4 and 12/8), the third beat is also stressed, though to a lesser degree. This gives a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed beats, although notes on the "stressed" beats are not necessarily louder or more important.
Time signature - Rewriting meters.
There is a sense in which all simple triple time signatures, be they 3/8, 3/4, 3/2 or anything else, and all compound duple times ...
See also:Time signature, Time signature - Simple and compound time signatures, Time signature - Simple time signatures, Time signature - Compound time signatures, Time signature - Beat and meter, Time signature - Most frequent time signatures, Time signature - Irregular meter time signatures, Time signature - Mixed meters, Time signature - Variations, Time signature - Stress and meter, Time signature - Rewriting meters, Time signature - Early music usage, Time signature - Mensural time signatures, Time signature - Proportions Read more here: » Time signature: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Stress and meter |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Variations To indicate more complex patterns of stresses, such as additive rhythms, more complex time signatures can be used. For example, the signature
which can be written 3+2+3/8, means that the first of a group of three quavers (eighth notes) is to be stressed, then the first of a group of two, then first of a group of three again. The stress pattern is usually counted as one-two-three-one-two-one-two-three, italics indicating stresses. This kind of time signature is commonly used to notate fo ...
See also:Time signature, Time signature - Simple and compound time signatures, Time signature - Simple time signatures, Time signature - Compound time signatures, Time signature - Beat and meter, Time signature - Most frequent time signatures, Time signature - Irregular meter time signatures, Time signature - Mixed meters, Time signature - Variations, Time signature - Stress and meter, Time signature - Rewriting meters, Time signature - Early music usage, Time signature - Mensural time signatures, Time signature - Proportions Read more here: » Time signature: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Variations |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Irregular meter time signatures These include signatures whose upper notes are 5, 7, or numbers other than those discussed above. Also called asymmetric meters. Although these more complex meters are common in non-Western music, they didn't appear in Western music until the late 19th century; the second movement of Tchaikovsky's Pathetique Symphony was one of the earliest examples of 5/4. Some notable examples are "Money" (7/4), from the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, Holst's "Mars, the Bringer of War," from the orchestral suite The Planets, and the ending of Str ...
See also:Time signature, Time signature - Simple and compound time signatures, Time signature - Simple time signatures, Time signature - Compound time signatures, Time signature - Beat and meter, Time signature - Most frequent time signatures, Time signature - Irregular meter time signatures, Time signature - Mixed meters, Time signature - Variations, Time signature - Stress and meter, Time signature - Rewriting meters, Time signature - Early music usage, Time signature - Mensural time signatures, Time signature - Proportions Read more here: » Time signature: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Irregular meter time signatures |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Early music usage
Time signature - Mensural time signatures.
In the 13th through 16th centuries, a period in which mensural notation was used, there were four basic time signatures, which determined the proportion between the two main units of rhythm. There were no measures or barlines in music of this period; these signs, the ancestors of modern time signatures, indicate the ratio of duration between different note values. The relation between the breve and the semibreve was called tempus, and the relation between the semi ...
See also:Time signature, Time signature - Simple and compound time signatures, Time signature - Simple time signatures, Time signature - Compound time signatures, Time signature - Beat and meter, Time signature - Most frequent time signatures, Time signature - Irregular meter time signatures, Time signature - Mixed meters, Time signature - Variations, Time signature - Stress and meter, Time signature - Rewriting meters, Time signature - Early music usage, Time signature - Mensural time signatures, Time signature - Proportions Read more here: » Time signature: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Early music usage |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Musical notation - Standard notation described
Musical notation - Elements of the staff.
A staff (in British English, also stave) is generally presented with a clef, which indicates the particular range of pitches encompassed by the staff. A treble clef placed at the beginning of a line of music indicates that the lowest line of the staff represents the note E above middle C, while the highest line represents the note F one octave higher. Other common clefs include the bass clef (second G below middle C to A below middle C), alto clef (F below middle C ...
See also:Musical notation, Musical notation - Origins, Musical notation - Standard notation described, Musical notation - Elements of the staff, Musical notation - Development of music notation, Musical notation - Symbols used in modern musical notation, Musical notation - Effects, Musical notation - Other notation systems, Musical notation - Figured bass, Musical notation - Shape note, Musical notation - Popular music, Musical notation - Letter notation, Musical notation - ABC Notation, Musical notation - Solfege, Musical notation - Numbered notation, Musical notation - Cipher notation, Musical notation - Braille music, Musical notation - Integer notation, Musical notation - Tablature, Musical notation - Klavar notation, Musical notation - Drum Set Notation, Musical notation - Graphic notation, Musical notation - Parsons code, Musical notation - Systems not based on the standard 12-tone scale, Musical notation - Alternative Music Notations that Use Chromatic Staves, Musical notation - Source Read more here: » Musical notation: Encyclopedia II - Musical notation - Standard notation described |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Musical notation - Origins There is some evidence that a kind of musical notation was practiced by the Egyptians from the 3rd millennium BC and by others in the Orient in ancient times.
Ancient Greece had a sophisticated form of musical notation, which was in use from at least the 6th century BC until approximately the 4th century AD; many fragments of compositions using this notation survive. The notation consists of symbols placed above text syllables. An example of a complete composition — indeed the only surviving complete composition using this no ...
See also:Musical notation, Musical notation - Origins, Musical notation - Standard notation described, Musical notation - Elements of the staff, Musical notation - Development of music notation, Musical notation - Symbols used in modern musical notation, Musical notation - Effects, Musical notation - Other notation systems, Musical notation - Figured bass, Musical notation - Shape note, Musical notation - Popular music, Musical notation - Letter notation, Musical notation - ABC Notation, Musical notation - Solfege, Musical notation - Numbered notation, Musical notation - Cipher notation, Musical notation - Braille music, Musical notation - Integer notation, Musical notation - Tablature, Musical notation - Klavar notation, Musical notation - Drum Set Notation, Musical notation - Graphic notation, Musical notation - Parsons code, Musical notation - Systems not based on the standard 12-tone scale, Musical notation - Alternative Music Notations that Use Chromatic Staves, Musical notation - Source Read more here: » Musical notation: Encyclopedia II - Musical notation - Origins |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Renaissance music - Late Renaissance music 1534 - 1600 In Venice, from about 1534 until around 1600, an impressive polychoral style developed, which gave Europe some of the grandest, most sonorous music composed up until that time, with multiple choirs of singers, brass and strings in different spatial locations in the Basilica San Marco di Venezia (see Venetian School). These multiple revolutions spread over Europe in the next several decades, beginning in Germany and then moving to Spain, France and England somewhat later, d ...
See also:Renaissance music, Renaissance music - Overview, Renaissance music - Style and trends, Renaissance music - Genres, Renaissance music - Theory and notation, Renaissance music - Early Renaissance music 1400 - 1467, Renaissance music - Middle Renaissance music 1467 - 1534, Renaissance music - Late Renaissance music 1534 - 1600, Renaissance music - Mannerism, Renaissance music - Transition to the Baroque, Renaissance music - Sources and further reading Read more here: » Renaissance music: Encyclopedia II - Renaissance music - Late Renaissance music 1534 - 1600 |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Renaissance music - Middle Renaissance music 1467 - 1534 Towards the end of the 15th century, polyphonic sacred music (as exemplified in the masses of Johannes Ockeghem and Jacob Obrecht) had once again become more complex, in a manner that can perhaps be seen as correlating to the stunning detail in the painting at the time. Ockeghem, particularly, was fond of canon, both contrapuntal and mensural. He even composed a mass in which all the parts are derived canonically from one musical line.
It was in the opening decades of the next century that music felt in a tactus (think of the modern t ...
See also:Renaissance music, Renaissance music - Overview, Renaissance music - Style and trends, Renaissance music - Genres, Renaissance music - Theory and notation, Renaissance music - Early Renaissance music 1400 - 1467, Renaissance music - Middle Renaissance music 1467 - 1534, Renaissance music - Late Renaissance music 1534 - 1600, Renaissance music - Mannerism, Renaissance music - Transition to the Baroque, Renaissance music - Sources and further reading Read more here: » Renaissance music: Encyclopedia II - Renaissance music - Middle Renaissance music 1467 - 1534 |
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| | | | | breve: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Irregular meter time signatures These include signatures whose upper notes are 5, 7, or numbers other than those discussed above. Also called asymmetric meters. Although these more complex meters are common in non-Western music, they didn't appear in Western music until the late 19th century; the second movement of Tchaikovsky's Pathetique Symphony was one of the earliest examples of 5/4. The most famous examples are "Money" (7/4), from the progressive rock band Pink Floyd and Holst's "Mars, the Bringer of War," from the orchestral suite The Planets. The jazz compos ...
See also:Time signature, Time signature - Simple and compound time signatures, Time signature - Simple time signatures, Time signature - Compound time signatures, Time signature - Beat and meter, Time signature - Most frequent time signatures, Time signature - Irregular meter time signatures, Time signature - Mixed meters, Time signature - Variations, Time signature - Stress and meter, Time signature - Rewriting meters, Time signature - Early music usage, Time signature - Mensural time signatures, Time signature - Proportions Read more here: » Time signature: Encyclopedia II - Time signature - Irregular meter time signatures |
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