The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. The goal of an anticonvulsant is to suppress the rapid and excessive firing of neurons that start a seizure. Failing this, a good anticonvulsant would prevent the spread of the seizure within the brain and offer protection against excitotoxic effects that can result in brain damage. An excellent anticonvulsant would have fe ...

Including:

• Anticonvulsant - Aldehydes
• Anticonvulsant - Aromatic Allylic Alcohols
• Anticonvulsant - Barbiturates
• Anticonvulsant - Benzodiazepines
• Anticonvulsant - Bromides
• Anticonvulsant - Carbamates
• Anticonvulsant - Carboxamides
• Anticonvulsant - Fatty Acids
• Anticonvulsant - Fructose Derivatives
• Anticonvulsant - GABA Analogs
• Anticonvulsant - Hydantoins
• Anticonvulsant - Oxazolidinediones
• Anticonvulsant - Propionates
• Anticonvulsant - Pyrimidinediones
• Anticonvulsant - Pyrrolidines
• Anticonvulsant - Succinimides
• Anticonvulsant - Sulfonamides
• Anticonvulsant - Triazines
• Anticonvulsant - Ureas
• Anticonvulsant - Valproylamides Amide Derivatives of Valproate

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Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder which affects an individual's ability to properly digest the sugar galactose. Lactose in food (such as dairy products) is broken down by the body into glucose and galactose. Normally, galactose is then converted into glucose by the enzyme GALT (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase). In individuals with galactosemia, GALT activity is severely diminished, leading to toxic levels of galactose to build up in the blood, resulting in hepatomegaly (an enlarged liver), renal failure, cataracts, and brain damage. Without treatment, m ...

Including:

• Galactosemia - Types
• Galactosemia - Diagnosis
• Galactosemia - Treatment
• Galactosemia - Reference

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Atonic seizures (also called drop seizures, drop attacks, or akinetic seizures), are a minor type of seizure. They consist of a brief lapse in muscle tone that are caused by temporary alterations in brain function. The seizures are brief - usually less than fifteen seconds. They begin in childhood and may persist into adulthood. The seizure itself causes no damage, but the loss of muscle control can result in falling and injuring oneself in that way. Electroencephalography can be used to confirm diagnosis. It is minor and relatively common, and can be indicative o ...

Including:

• Atonic seizure - Reference

Read more here: » Atonic seizure: Encyclopedia - Atonic seizure

Canavan disease is an inherited disorder that causes progressive damage to nerve cells in the brain. This disease is one of a group of genetic disorders called leukodystrophies. Leukodystrophies are characterized by degeneration of myelin, which is the fatty covering that insulates nerve fibers. Canavan disease - Epidemiology. Although Canavan disease may occur in any ethnic group, it affects persons of Eastern European Jewish ancestry more frequently. About 1/40 individuals of Eastern European (Ashkenazi) ...

Including:

• Canavan disease - Epidemiology
• Canavan disease - Cause
• Canavan disease - Symptoms
• Canavan disease - Treatment
• Canavan disease - Current research

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This disorder is a result of organic brain damage, usually centered around the right parietal or right parietal-occipital lobe. Right-sided brain injury usually causes neglect to the contralateral (opposite) side of space. This damage results in neglect or misperceptions of space opposite from the brain damage; usually the neglect is seen on the left with damage in the right hemisphere. Unilateral neglect may result from left hemisphere damag ...

See also:

Unilateral neglect, Unilateral neglect - Overview, Unilateral neglect - Causes

Read more here: » Unilateral neglect: Encyclopedia II - Unilateral neglect - Causes

Fetal alcohol syndrome was named in 1973 by two dysmorphologists, Kenneth Lyons Jones and David W. Smith of the University of Washington Medical School in Seattle. They identified a pattern of "craniofacial, limb, and cardiovascular defects associated with prenatal onset growth deficiency and developmental delay" in eight unrelated children, of three ethnic groups, born to mothers who were alcoholics (Jones et al 1973, p. 1267). The pattern of malformations indicated that the damage was prenatal. News of the discovery was "shocking, and met at ...

See also:

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Naming of the syndrome, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Brain damage and facial defects, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Diagnostic criteria, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - When the brain damage occurs, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Other physical effects, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Prevention

Read more here: » Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Encyclopedia II - Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Naming of the syndrome

Although clinicians agree on the definition of full-blown fetal alcohol syndrome, there is no agreement on the clinical criteria or names for lesser forms of it. This has led to some confusion for clinicians and patients. The following definitions are used in the clinic of Dr. Sterling Clarren (Clarren in Streissguth and Kanter 2002, p. 46): FAS with a confirmed history of fetal alcohol exposure The definition of FAS is much the same as when the syndrome was first named. Diagnostic criteria include growth de ...

See also:

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Naming of the syndrome, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Brain damage and facial defects, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Diagnostic criteria, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - When the brain damage occurs, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Other physical effects, Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Prevention

Read more here: » Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Encyclopedia II - Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Diagnostic criteria

Like most other internal organs, the brain can serve as nourishment. For example, in the Southern United States canned pork brain in gravy can be purchased for consumption as food. This form of brain is often fried with scrambled egg to produce the famous "Eggs n' Brains"[11]. The brain of animals also features in the cuisine of France such as in the dish tête de veau, or head of calf. Although it might consist only of the outer meat of the skul ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - The importance of the brain, Brain - The brain in animals, Brain - Pathology of the brain, Brain - Other matters, Brain - The biology of the brain, Brain - Histology, Brain - Anatomy, Brain - Brain regions in vertebrates, Brain - Function, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - History, Brain - The brain as a food

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Brain - The brain in animals. Three groups of animals, with some exceptions, have notably complex brains: the arthropods (insects and crustaceans), the cephalopods (octopuses, squid, and similar mollusks), and the craniates (vertebrates and their cousins) [1]. The brain of arthropods and cephalopods arises from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. In arthropods, the brain consists of a central ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - The importance of the brain, Brain - The brain in animals, Brain - Pathology of the brain, Brain - Other matters, Brain - The biology of the brain, Brain - Histology, Brain - Anatomy, Brain - Brain regions in vertebrates, Brain - Function, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - History, Brain - The brain as a food

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Despite the variance of the species in which the brain is found there are many common features in its cellular make-up, its structure and its function. On a cellular level, the brain is composed of two classes of cell, neurons and glia, both of which contain several different cell types which perform different functions. Interconnected neurons form neural networks (or neural ensembles). These networks are similar to man-made electrical circuits in that they contain circuit elements (neurons) connected by biological wires (nerve fibers). Of c ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - The importance of the brain, Brain - The brain in animals, Brain - Pathology of the brain, Brain - Other matters, Brain - The biology of the brain, Brain - Histology, Brain - Anatomy, Brain - Brain regions in vertebrates, Brain - Function, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - History, Brain - The brain as a food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - The biology of the brain

Anosognosia is relatively common following brain injury (e.g. 20-30% in the case of hemiplegia/hemiparesis after stroke), but can appear to occur in conjunction with virtually any neurological impairment. However, it is not related to global mental confusion (see delirium), cognitive flexibility, or other major intellectual disturbance. Anosognosia can be selective in that an affected person with multiple impairments may only seem unaware of one handicap, while a ...

See also:

Anosognosia, Anosognosia - Neurology, Anosognosia - Psychiatry, Anosognosia - Treatment, Anosognosia - Research

Read more here: » Anosognosia: Encyclopedia II - Anosognosia - Neurology

Despite the variance of the species in which the brain is found there are many common features in its cellular make-up, its structure, and its function. On a cellular level the brain is composed of two classes of cells, neurons and glia, both of which contain several different cell types which perform different functions. Interconnected neurons form neural networks (or neural ensembles). These networks are similar to man-made electrical circuits in that they contain circuit elements (neurons) connected by biological wires (nerve fibers). The ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Humans, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Neurobiology

Like most other internal organs, the brain can serve as nourishment. For example, in the Southern United States canned pork brain in gravy can be purchased for consumption as food. The form of brain is often fried with scrambled eggs to produce the famous "Eggs n' Brains"[12]. The brain of animals also features in French cuisine such as in the dish [tête de veau], or head of calf. Although it might consist only of the outer meat of the sk ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Humans, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Brain as food

Brain - Fields of study. Several areas of science specifically study the brain. Neuroscience seeks to understand the nervous system, including the brain, from a biological and computational perspective. Psychology seeks to understand behavior and the brain. The terms neurology and psychiatry usually refer to medical applications of neuroscience and psychology respectively. Cognitive science seeks to unify neuroscience and psychology with other fields that concern themselves with the brain, such as computer science (artificial ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Humans, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - The study of the brain

Three groups of animals, with some exceptions, have notably complex brains: the arthropods (insects and crustaceans), the cephalopods (octopuses, squid, and similar mollusks), and the craniates (vertebrates)[6]. The brain of arthropods and cephalopods arises from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. In arthropods, the brain consists of a central brain with three divisions and large optical lobes behind each eye for visual processing^{See also:}

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Humans, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Comparative anatomy

A distinction is sometimes made in the philosophy of mind between the mind and brain. The brain is defined as the physical, biological [[for all electrochemical neuronal processes. The mind, however, exits as something outside of the brain. The mind is sometimes thought of as consciousness, the soul, or some other non-physical center of thought. The inability to determine what consciousness is has led to the mind-body problem. Some philosophers such as strong AI theorists believe that the mind is analogous to comp ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Humans, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Mind and brain

Ancient Greeks had differing views on the function of the brain. Hippocrates believed the brain to be the seat of intelligence. Aristotle believed that the brain was a cooling mechanism for the blood while the heart was the seat of intelligence. He reasoned that humans are more rational than the beasts because they have a proportionally larger brain to cool their hot-bloodedness ^{See also:}

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Humans, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - History

Like most other internal organs, the brain can serve as nourishment. For example, in the Southern United States canned pork brain in gravy can be purchased for consumption as food. The form of brain is often fried with scrambled eggs to produce the famous "Eggs n' Brains".[18] The brain of animals also features in French cuisine such as in the dish [tête de veau], or head of calf. Although it might consist only of the outer meat of the sk ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Brain as food

A distinction is sometimes made in the philosophy of mind between the mind and brain. The brain is defined as the physical, biological matter contained within the head, responsible for all electrochemical neuronal processes. The mind, however, exists as something outside of the brain. The mind is sometimes thought of as consciousness, the soul, or some other non-physical center of thought. The inability to determine what consciousness is has led to the mind-body problem. Some philosophers such as strong AI theorists believe that the mind is analogous to comp ...

See also:

Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Mind and brain

The Red Baron has become a symbol for dexterity, daring and victory, combined with an element of tragedy both as being 'on the other side' and in his ultimate death. The engine from von Richthofen's aircraft is on display in the Imperial War Museum in London as part of the War in the Air Exhibit. It still bears the damage sustained in that final crash. Von Richthofen has been the subject of numerous films, both documentary and fictional, including the grossly inaccurate 1971 Roger Corman movie, ...

See also:

Manfred von Richthofen, Manfred von Richthofen - Early life, Manfred von Richthofen - Piloting career, Manfred von Richthofen - The Flying Circus, Manfred von Richthofen - Death, Manfred von Richthofen - Brain Damage, Manfred von Richthofen - The Red Baron in popular culture, Manfred von Richthofen - Relatives of note, Manfred von Richthofen - Notes

Read more here: » Manfred von Richthofen: Encyclopedia II - Manfred von Richthofen - The Red Baron in popular culture

The Red Baron has become a symbol for dexterity, daring and victory, combined with an element of tragedy both as being 'on the losing side' and in his ultimate death. The engine from von Richthofen's aircraft is on display in the Imperial War Museum in London as part of the War in the Air Exhibit. It still bears the damage sustained in that final crash. Von Richthofen has been the subject of numerous films, both documentary and fictional, including the grossly inaccurate 1971 Roger Corman movie, ...

See also:

Manfred von Richthofen, Manfred von Richthofen - Early life, Manfred von Richthofen - Piloting career, Manfred von Richthofen - The Flying Circus, Manfred von Richthofen - Death, Manfred von Richthofen - Brain Damage, Manfred von Richthofen - The Red Baron in popular culture, Manfred von Richthofen - Relatives of note, Manfred von Richthofen - Notes

Read more here: » Manfred von Richthofen: Encyclopedia II - Manfred von Richthofen - The Red Baron in popular culture