brain damage

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Brain damage

Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain damage may occur due to a wide range of conditions, illnesses, or injuries. Possible causes of widespread (diffuse) brain damage include prolonged hypoxia (shortage of oxygen), poisoning, infection, and neurological illness. Common causes of focal or localized brain damage are physical trauma (traumatic brain injury), stroke, aneurysm, or neurological illness. The extent and effect of brain injury is often assessed by the use of neurological examinatio ...

brain damage: Encyclopedia II - Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - Brain damage and facial defects Craniofacial abnormalities are visible in children with FAS, though not in children with FAE. Generally, children with FAS have a smaller head circumference and low birth weight, and they may fail to thrive. Their facial features are distinctive and diagnostically significant, in that they are a sign of brain damage, although there may be brain damage without the visible facial effects. Common findings are mild to moderate microcephaly; small palpebral fissure lengths (palpebral fissures are the opening of the eyelids, measured from b ...

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brain damage: Encyclopedia - Traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), traumatic injuries to the brain, also called acquired brain injury, intracranial injury, or simply head injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. Parts of the brain that can be damaged include the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem (see brain damage). Symptoms of a TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the extent of the damage to the brain. Outcome can be anything from complete recovery to permanent disability or death. Traumatic brain injury ...

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brain damage: Encyclopedia - Brain

In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for "in the head"), acts as the control center of the central nervous system. In most animals, the brain is located in the head close to the primary sensory apparatus and the mouth. While all vertebrate nervous systems have a brain, invertebrate nervous systems may have either a centralized brain or collections of individual ganglia. The brain is an extremely complex organ; for example, the human brain is a collection of 100 billion neurons, each linked with up to 25,000 others [1]. T ...

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Brain - Neurobiology

Brain - The study of the brain

Brain - Brain as food

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brain damage: Encyclopedia - Brain healing

Brain healing is the process that goes inside the skull that after the brain has been damaged. When parts of the brain are damaged, for instance by a stroke, there will be no repair or scar formation. The brain tissue will undergo liquefactive necrosis, and a rim of gliosis will form around the damaged area. Brain healing - No scar formation. Apart from a small amount in the blood vessels, there is no collagen or fibroblasts in the brain. A scar is formed by fibroblasts producing collagen to repair ...

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brain damage: Encyclopedia - Electroencephalography

Electroencephalography is the neurophysiologic measurement of the electrical activity of the brain by recording from electrodes placed on the scalp, or in the special cases on the cortex. The resulting traces are known as an electroencephalogram (EEG) and represent so-called brainwaves. This device is used to assess brain damage, epilepsy and other problems. In some jurisdictions it is used to assess brain death. EEG can ...

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brain damage: Encyclopedia - Aphasia

Aphasia is a loss or impairment of the ability to produce or comprehend language, due to brain damage. It is usually a result of damage to the language centres of the brain (like Broca's area). These areas are always located in the left hemisphere and in most people this is where the ability to produce and comprehend language is found. However in a very small number of people language ability is found in the right hemisphere. Damage to these language areas can be caused by a stroke or physical injury. Depending on the area and extent ...

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brain damage: Encyclopedia - Bobath concept

The Bobath Concept is an important approach to rehabilitation in the care of patients with injuries to the brain or spinal cord. It is named after its inventors, Berta Bobath, a physiotherapist, and her husband Karel, a neurologist. It is based on the brain's ability to reorganize, which means that healthy parts of the brain learn and take on the functions which were previously carried out by the damaged regions of the brain. The prerequisite for this is, however, a consequent support and stimulation of the patient on the part ...

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Erotic asphyxiation

Erotic asphyxiation, asphyxiophilia, breath control play or scarfing is the sexual practice of partial asphyxiation by strangulation or suffocation of one person by another during sexual intercourse. The decrease of oxygen to the brain is said to heighten sexual pleasure. It can be dangerous and result in brain damage through loss of oxygenation to the brain, or in death through sudden cardiac arrest. It has also been speculated that in some cases erotic asphyxiation may have triggered the little-known phen ...

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Erotic asphyxiation - Fictional accounts

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Arcuate fasciculus

The arcuate fasciculus (literally the 'curved bundle') is the neural pathway connecting the posterior part of the temporoparietal junction with the frontal cortex in the brain. In the cerebral hemisphere specialised for language, this pathway is thought to connect Broca's area to Wernicke's area. It is thought to be important in the connecting areas of the brain involved in the generation and understanding of language. Damage to this pathway can cause a form of aphasia known as conduction aphasia, where auditory comprehension and speech articulation are preser ...

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Aging senescence

In biology, senescence is the combination of processes of deterioration which follow the period of development of an organism. For the science of the care of the elderly, see gerontology; for experimental gerontology, see life extension. The word senescence is derived from the Latin word senex, meaning "old man" or "old age." Cellular senescence is the phenomenon where cells lose the ability to divide. In response to DNA damage (including shortened telomeres) cells either senesce or self-destruct (apoptosis ...

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brain damage: Encyclopedia - Blindsight

Visual processing in the brain goes through a series of processing stages. Destruction of the first visual cortical area, primary visual cortex (or V1 or striate cortex) leads to blindness in the part of the visual field that corresponds to the damaged cortical representation. The area of blindness - known as a scotoma - is in the visual field opposite the damaged hemisphere and can vary from a small area up to the entire hemifield. Although individuals with damage to V1 are not consciously aware of stimuli presented in their blind fi ...

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Clinical death

Clinical death occurs when a patient's heartbeat and breathing have stopped. The reversal of this state is possible through CPR, Defibrillation, Epinephrine injection, and other treatments. Resuscitation after more than 4 to 6 minutes of clinical death at normal body temperature is difficult, and can result in brain damage or brain death. Longer intervals of clinical death can be survived under conditions of Hypothermia. Hypothermia also improves outcomes after resuscitation from clinical death even if body ...

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Nominal aphasia

Nominal aphasia (also known as anomic aphasia) is a form of aphasia (loss of language capability caused by brain damage) in which the subject has difficulty remembering or recognizing names which the subject should know well. The subject speaks fluently and grammatically and has normal comprehension, and the only deficit is trouble finding appropriate words. Subjects often use circumlocutions (speaking in a roundabout way) in order to express a certain word they cannot find the name for. Sometimes the subject can recall the name when given clues. Sufferers are often frustrated whe ...

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Central neurogenic hyperventilation

Central neurogenic hyperventilation is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by deep and rapid breaths. It is unrelated to other forms of hyperventilation like Kussmaul's respriations. It is caused by the body's attempt to reduce intracranial pressure by reducing the carbon dioxide levels in the blood, causing contraction of cranial arteries; or direct damage to certain areas of the brain stem. This abnormal breathing pattern is seen in p ...

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Chris Buck

Chris Buck is a violin virtuoso and teacher. He lost his hearing due to latent radiation damage; radiation was part of the cancer therapy he had to endure nearly 14 years ago for a rare adult brain tumor. Other related archivesbrain tumor, cancer, lost his hearing, radiation, violin

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Bili light

A Bili Light is a phototherapy tool to treat newborn jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) which in higher levels causes brain damage Kernicterus leading to cerebral palsy, auditory neuropathy, gaze abnormalities and dental enamel hypoplasia. The therapy uses a blue light that converts bilirubin so that it can be excreted in the urine and feces. Soft eye shields are placed on the baby to protect their eyes from damage tha ...

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Bili light - Outside Links

brain damage: Encyclopedia - Stroke

A stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted. In brain tissue, a reduction of blood flow, ischemia, leads to an ischemic cascade that can damage or kill brain cells. Death of brain tissue can lead to loss of the function controlled by that tissue. Thus stroke is the third leading cause of death and leading cause of adult disability in the US and industrialized European nations (Jauch, 2005), and is a medical emergency. To underscore the seriousness ...