Brain - The brain in animals. Three groups of animals, with some exceptions, have notably complex brains: the arthropods (insects and crustaceans), the cephalopods (octopuses, squid, and similar mollusks), and the craniates (vertebrates and their cousins) [1]. The brain of arthropods and cephalopods arises from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. In arthropods, the brain consists of a central ...

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Brain, Brain - The importance of the brain, Brain - The brain in animals, Brain - Pathology of the brain, Brain - Other matters, Brain - The biology of the brain, Brain - Histology, Brain - Anatomy, Brain - Brain regions in vertebrates, Brain - Function, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - History, Brain - The brain as a food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - The importance of the brain

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Brain, Brain - The importance of the brain, Brain - The brain in animals, Brain - Pathology of the brain, Brain - Other matters, Brain - The biology of the brain, Brain - Histology, Brain - Anatomy, Brain - Brain regions in vertebrates, Brain - Function, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - History, Brain - The brain as a food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - The brain as a food

Despite the variance of the species in which the brain is found there are many common features in its cellular make-up, its structure and its function. On a cellular level, the brain is composed of two classes of cell, neurons and glia, both of which contain several different cell types which perform different functions. Interconnected neurons form neural networks (or neural ensembles). These networks are similar to man-made electrical circuits in that they contain circuit elements (neurons) connected by biological wires (nerve fibers). Of c ...

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Brain, Brain - The importance of the brain, Brain - The brain in animals, Brain - Pathology of the brain, Brain - Other matters, Brain - The biology of the brain, Brain - Histology, Brain - Anatomy, Brain - Brain regions in vertebrates, Brain - Function, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - History, Brain - The brain as a food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - The biology of the brain

Like most animal tissues, brain metabolism depends primarily on glucose for fuel in most circumstances. A limited amount of glucose can be derived from glycogen stored in astrocytes, but it is consumed within minutes. For most practical purposes, the brain is dependent on a continual supply of glucose diffusing from the blood into the interstitial tissue within the central nervous system and into the neurons themselves. Therefore, if the amount of glucose supplied by the blood falls, the brain is one of the first organs affected. In m ...

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Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Defining hypoglycemia: what's normal and what's low?, Hypoglycemia - Measurement method: different methods can yield different values, Hypoglycemia - Age differences: normal glucose levels vary by age, Hypoglycemia - Presence or absence of effects: are symptoms more important than the number?, Hypoglycemia - Purpose of definition: different levels are used for different purposes, Hypoglycemia - Pathophysiology: why low blood sugar primarily affects the brain, Hypoglycemia - Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Adrenergic Manifestations, Hypoglycemia - Glucagon Manifestations, Hypoglycemia - Neuroglycopenic Manifestations, Hypoglycemia - Determining the cause, Hypoglycemia - The circumstances of hypoglycemia provide most of the clues to diagnosis, Hypoglycemia - In less obvious cases a critical sample may provide the diagnosis, Hypoglycemia - Further diagnostic steps depend on the initial evidence, Hypoglycemia - Causes of hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in newborn infants, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in young children, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in older children and young adults, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in older adults, Hypoglycemia - Treatment and prevention, Hypoglycemia - Reversing acute hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Preventing further episodes, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia as American folk medicine

Read more here: » Hypoglycemia: Encyclopedia II - Hypoglycemia - Pathophysiology: why low blood sugar primarily affects the brain

The teaching which is written on paper is not the true teaching. Written teaching is a kind of food for your brain. Of course, it is necessary to take some kind of food for your brain, but it is more important to be yourself by practicing the right kind of life.

Shunryu Suzuki

In the 'modern' era, eating has become a sensual activity. We eat more for pleasure than to keep our body temples healthy. Living to eat rather than eating to live has become the norm. Judicious use of colours, fragrances, and aromatic ingredients in food has only encouraged restless minds to move even further away from the truth inherent in creation.

(See also: Essence of Meditation, Meditation, Meditation for Beginners, Meditation Techniques)

Read more here: » Essence of Meditation: Food For Thought

Indigo and Crystal children not only behave and think differently to their predecessors, they are spiritually different. Their subtle bodies are more developed, and they are "wired" differently. Because they represent the next step in human evolution, they carry within their auras the seed of an important new energy that is birthing on our planet.

It is well known by science that every human has much brain and DNA capacity that is not used, or for which they can find no use. This "extra" DNA is even referred to as "junk" DNA. However, it is not "junk" or "spare" capacity, it is innate human potential waiting to be activated.

(See also: Indigo Children, What is Indigo Children, Parenting Indigo Children, Adult Indigo, Indigo Children Channeling)

Read more here: » Indigo Children: The Indigo Crystal "Human Angel"  

Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones (adrenaline and glucagon) triggered by the falling glucose, and the neuroglycopenic effects produced by the reduced brain sugar. Hypoglycemia - Adrenergic Manifestations. Shakiness, anxiety, nervousness, tremor Palpitations, tachycardia Sweating, feeling of warmth Pallor, coldness, clamminess Dilated pupils Hypoglycemia - Glucagon Manifestations. Hunger, ...

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Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Defining hypoglycemia: what's normal and what's low?, Hypoglycemia - Measurement method: different methods can yield different values, Hypoglycemia - Age differences: normal glucose levels vary by age, Hypoglycemia - Presence or absence of effects: are symptoms more important than the number?, Hypoglycemia - Purpose of definition: different levels are used for different purposes, Hypoglycemia - Pathophysiology: why low blood sugar primarily affects the brain, Hypoglycemia - Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Adrenergic Manifestations, Hypoglycemia - Glucagon Manifestations, Hypoglycemia - Neuroglycopenic Manifestations, Hypoglycemia - Determining the cause, Hypoglycemia - The circumstances of hypoglycemia provide most of the clues to diagnosis, Hypoglycemia - In less obvious cases a critical sample may provide the diagnosis, Hypoglycemia - Further diagnostic steps depend on the initial evidence, Hypoglycemia - Causes of hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in newborn infants, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in young children, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in older children and young adults, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in older adults, Hypoglycemia - Treatment and prevention, Hypoglycemia - Reversing acute hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Preventing further episodes, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia as American folk medicine

Read more here: » Hypoglycemia: Encyclopedia II - Hypoglycemia - Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

The principal substrate of physiologic importance is glucose, and the most important product is glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). The other necessary substrate, from which the phosphate is derived, is ATP. A simplified version of the glucokinase reaction is: Glucose + ATP → glucose-6-phosphate + ADP ATP participates in the reaction in a form complexed to magnesium as a cofactor. Furthermore, under certain conditions, glucokinase, like other hexokinases, can induce phosphorylation of other hexoses (6 carbon sugars) and s ...

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Glucokinase, Glucokinase - Substrates and products of GK: glucose is the important substrate, Glucokinase - Terminology: physiologists and physicians prefer glucokinase, Glucokinase - Characteristics of the glucokinase molecule: a monomer with an actin fold, Glucokinase - Kinetic and functional properties of GK: low glucose affinity but uninhibited, Glucokinase - Molecular mechanism of catalysis: critically dependent on sulfhydryl groups, Glucokinase - Genetic aspects of GK: one gene but two promoters, Glucokinase - Tissue distribution of GK: key locations for carbohydrate metabolism, Glucokinase - Function and regulation of GK in the liver: initiator of glycogen synthesis, Glucokinase - Rapid regulation of GK activity in hepatocytes, Glucokinase - Transcriptional regulation of GK in hepatocytes, Glucokinase - Hormonal and dietary regulation of glucokinase in hepatocytes, Glucokinase - Function and regulation in pancreas and other neuroendocrine tissue, Glucokinase - GK in beta cells: a signal for insulin, Glucokinase - GK in alpha cells: suppression of glucagon?, Glucokinase - GK in the brain: glucose sensing in the hypothalamus, Glucokinase - GK in enterocytes: subserving incretin?, Glucokinase - Effects of disease on glucokinase activity, Glucokinase - Diseases caused by glucokinase mutations, Glucokinase - Loss of function mutations cause diabetes, Glucokinase - Gain of function mutations cause hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, Glucokinase - Glucokinase as a drug target, Glucokinase - Comparative biology

Read more here: » Glucokinase: Encyclopedia II - Glucokinase - Substrates and products of GK: glucose is the important substrate

Two important kinetic properties distinguish glucokinase from the other hexokinases, allowing it to function in a special role as glucose sensor. Glucokinase has a lower affinity for glucose than the other hexokinases. Glucokinase changes conformation and/or function in parallel with rising glucose concentrations in the physiologically important range of 4-10 mmol/L (72-180 mg/dl). It is half-saturated at a glucose concentration of about 8 mmol/L (144 mg/dl). Glucokinase is not inhibited by its product, glucose-6-phosphate. This all ...

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Glucokinase, Glucokinase - Substrates and products of GK: glucose is the important substrate, Glucokinase - Terminology: physiologists and physicians prefer glucokinase, Glucokinase - Characteristics of the glucokinase molecule: a monomer with an actin fold, Glucokinase - Kinetic and functional properties of GK: low glucose affinity but uninhibited, Glucokinase - Molecular mechanism of catalysis: critically dependent on sulfhydryl groups, Glucokinase - Genetic aspects of GK: one gene but two promoters, Glucokinase - Tissue distribution of GK: key locations for carbohydrate metabolism, Glucokinase - Function and regulation of GK in the liver: initiator of glycogen synthesis, Glucokinase - Rapid regulation of GK activity in hepatocytes, Glucokinase - Transcriptional regulation of GK in hepatocytes, Glucokinase - Hormonal and dietary regulation of glucokinase in hepatocytes, Glucokinase - Function and regulation in pancreas and other neuroendocrine tissue, Glucokinase - GK in beta cells: a signal for insulin, Glucokinase - GK in alpha cells: suppression of glucagon?, Glucokinase - GK in the brain: glucose sensing in the hypothalamus, Glucokinase - GK in enterocytes: subserving incretin?, Glucokinase - Effects of disease on glucokinase activity, Glucokinase - Diseases caused by glucokinase mutations, Glucokinase - Loss of function mutations cause diabetes, Glucokinase - Gain of function mutations cause hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, Glucokinase - Glucokinase as a drug target, Glucokinase - Comparative biology

Read more here: » Glucokinase: Encyclopedia II - Glucokinase - Kinetic and functional properties of GK: low glucose affinity but uninhibited

Computational neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field which draws on neuroscience, computer science and applied mathematics. It most often uses mathematical and computational techniques such as computer simulations and mathematical models to understand the function of the nervous system. The field of computational neuroscience began with the work of Andrew Huxley, Alan Hodgkin, and David Marr. The results of Hodgkin and Huxley's pioneering work in developing the voltage clamp allowed them to develop the first mathematical mo ...

Read more here: » Computational neuroscience: Encyclopedia - Computational neuroscience

The Bobath Concept is an important approach to rehabilitation in the care of patients with injuries to the brain or spinal cord. It is named after its inventors, Berta Bobath, a physiotherapist, and her husband Karel, a neurologist. It is based on the brain's ability to reorganize, which means that healthy parts of the brain learn and take on the functions which were previously carried out by the damaged regions of the brain. The prerequisite for this is, however, a consequent support and stimulation of the patient on the part ...

Read more here: » Bobath concept: Encyclopedia - Bobath concept

The arcuate fasciculus (literally the 'curved bundle') is the neural pathway connecting the posterior part of the temporoparietal junction with the frontal cortex in the brain. In the cerebral hemisphere specialised for language, this pathway is thought to connect Broca's area to Wernicke's area. It is thought to be important in the connecting areas of the brain involved in the generation and understanding of language. Damage to this pathway can cause a form of aphasia known as conduction aphasia, where auditory comprehension and speech articulation are preser ...

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In psychology, the behavioral neuroscience approach is an approach that emphasizes the importance of understanding the brain and nervous system if we are to understand behavior, thought and emotion. The approach considers behavioral variables being measured or manipulated. Studies in behavioral neuroscience cover the entire range of relevant biological and neural sciences, including anatomy, chemistry, physiology, endocrinology, and pharmacology. See also:. Biological psychology Including:

Behavioral neuroscience approach - Behavioral Neuroscience Programs in Universities

Read more here: » Behavioral neuroscience approach: Encyclopedia - Behavioral neuroscience approach

The cerebellum (Latin: "little brain") is a region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor output. Many neural pathways link the cerebellum with the motor cortex—which sends information to the muscles causing them to move—and the spinocerebellar tract—which provides feedback on the position of the body in space (proprioception). The cerebellum integrates these two functions, using the constant feedback on body position to fine-tune motor movements. Because of this 'upda ...

Including:

Cerebellum - General features Cerebellum - Development and evolution Cerebellum - Anatomy
Cerebellum - Divisions Cerebellum - Deep nuclei Cerebellum - Cortical layers Cerebellum - Peduncles Cerebellum - Blood supply
Cerebellum - Dysfunction
Cerebellum - Lesions of the cerebellum Cerebellum - Ischemia and thrombosis
Cerebellum - Theories about cerebellar function Cerebellum - Cerebellar modeling

Read more here: » Cerebellum: Encyclopedia - Cerebellum

Cognitive science is usually defined as the scientific study either of mind or of intelligence (e.g. Luger 1994). Practically every introduction to cognitive science also stresses that it is highly interdisciplinary; components of cognitive science include psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, computer science, robotics, anthropology and biology. Cognitive science - History. psychology, neuroscience, Neural Darwinism, Society of Mind theory, cognitive science of ...

Including:

Cognitive science - History Cognitive science - Principles of Cognitive Science
Cognitive science - Approaches Cognitive science - Levels of analysis Cognitive science - Interdisciplinary nature Cognitive science - Cognitive science - The term
Cognitive science - Scope of cognitive science
Cognitive science - Artificial intelligence Cognitive science - Attention Cognitive science - Language processing Cognitive science - Learning and development Cognitive science - Memory Cognitive science - Perception and action
Cognitive science - Research methods
Cognitive science - Behavioral experiments Cognitive science - Brain imaging Cognitive science - Computational modeling Cognitive science - Neurobiological methods
Cognitive science - Key findings Cognitive science - Notable researchers in cognitive science and related fields

Read more here: » Cognitive science: Encyclopedia - Cognitive science

Management of hypoglycemia involves immediately raising the blood sugar to normal, determining the cause, and taking measures to prevent future episodes. Hypoglycemia - Reversing acute hypoglycemia. The blood glucose can be raised to normal within minutes by taking (or receiving) 10-20 grams of carbohydrate. It can be taken as food or drink if the person is conscious and able to swallow. This amount of carbohydrate is contained in about 3-4 ounces (100-120 ml) of orange, apple, or grape juice, about 4-5 ou ...

See also:

Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Defining hypoglycemia: what's normal and what's low?, Hypoglycemia - Measurement method: different methods can yield different values, Hypoglycemia - Age differences: normal glucose levels vary by age, Hypoglycemia - Presence or absence of effects: are symptoms more important than the number?, Hypoglycemia - Purpose of definition: different levels are used for different purposes, Hypoglycemia - Pathophysiology: why low blood sugar primarily affects the brain, Hypoglycemia - Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Adrenergic Manifestations, Hypoglycemia - Glucagon Manifestations, Hypoglycemia - Neuroglycopenic Manifestations, Hypoglycemia - Determining the cause, Hypoglycemia - The circumstances of hypoglycemia provide most of the clues to diagnosis, Hypoglycemia - In less obvious cases a critical sample may provide the diagnosis, Hypoglycemia - Further diagnostic steps depend on the initial evidence, Hypoglycemia - Causes of hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in newborn infants, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in young children, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in older children and young adults, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia in older adults, Hypoglycemia - Treatment and prevention, Hypoglycemia - Reversing acute hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemia - Preventing further episodes, Hypoglycemia - Hypoglycemia as American folk medicine

Read more here: » Hypoglycemia: Encyclopedia II - Hypoglycemia - Treatment and prevention

Control of respiration refers to the physiological mechanisms involved in the control of respiration (physiology). The most important function of breathing is gas exchange (of oxygen and carbon dioxide). Thus the control of respiration is centred primarily on how well this is achieved by the lungs. Control of respiration - Control Unit. The control unit of respiration consists of a processor (the breathing centre in the brain) which integrates inputs (emotional, chemical and physical stimuli) ...

Including:

Control of respiration - Control Unit Control of respiration - Ventilatory Pattern Control of respiration - Determinants of Ventilatory Rate

Read more here: » Control of respiration: Encyclopedia - Control of respiration

Angiotensinogen, angiotensin I (CAS# 9041-90-1) and angiotensin II (CAS# 11128-99-7) are peptides involved in maintenance of blood volume and pressure. They play an important role in the renin-angiotensin system. Angiotensin - Angiotensinogen. Angiotensinogen is the precursor molecule, and it is produced constitutively and released into the circulation mainly by the liver although other sites have been thought to contribute to local effects of the molecule. Biochemically it is a member of the ...

Including:

Angiotensin - Angiotensinogen Angiotensin - Angiotensin I Angiotensin - Angiotensin II Angiotensin - Effects of Angiotensin II
Angiotensin - Vascular Angiotensin - Brain Angiotensin - Adrenals Angiotensin - Renal Angiotensin - Other
Angiotensin - Angiotensin III & IV

Read more here: » Angiotensin: Encyclopedia - Angiotensin

Color or colour [1] is the perception of the frequency (or wavelength) of light, and can be compared to how pitch (or a musical note) is the perception of the frequency or wavelength of sound. It is a perception that, in humans, derives from the ability of the fine structures of the eye to provide the brain with differently filtered analyses of a view (usually three). The perception of color is influenced by biology (some people are born ...

Including:

Color - Physics of color
Color - Important note Color - Spectral versus non-spectral colors Color - Physical basis of color
Color - Color vision
Color - Clinical issues Color - Tetrachromat
Color - Color perception
Color - Effect of luminosity Color - Cultural influences Color - Color constancy Color - Contrast
Color - Measurement and reproduction of color
Color - Pigments and reflective media Color - Structural color
Color - Footnotes

Read more here: » Color: Encyclopedia - Color

In anatomy, the head of an animal is the anterior part (from anatomical position) that comprises the mouth, the brain and various sensory organs (e.g. organs of sight, hearing, smell and taste). Head - Anatomy. The front (ventrum) of the head, where the eyes and ears and mouth are located, is called the face. The area above the eyes is called the forehead (the front of the head). Below the mouth is the chin. Younger aged humans and some older humans heads have a continuing growing layer ...

Including:

Head - Anatomy
Head - Human head anatomy Head - The face
Head - Cultural import Head - Clothing Head - Pseudoscientific study of the human head

Read more here: » Head: Encyclopedia - Head