Whales use music primarily for communication; its sounds are not only beautiful but are distinct and correspond to the origins of the whale pod. This distinctiveness implies environmental factors in the composition of these songs, but the universality implies a natural aspect. As is usual in such cases, it is most likely a mixture of the two. birds use their songs primarily as a mating device. Evolutionary scientists have theorized that this is not directly beneficial to the species as song is actually a waste of energy and catches the atten ...

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Music and the brain, Music and the brain - Introduction, Music and the brain - Music in the Animal Kingdom, Music and the brain - The Brain, Music and the brain - Janata et al, Music and the brain - Gray and McCormick, Music and the brain - Twin Studies, Music and the brain - Anatomy of Music, Music and the brain - Tonality and Emotion, Music and the brain - Linguistics and Organization, Music and the brain - Development, Music and the brain - Memory, Music and the brain - Auditory Cortices

Read more here: » Music and the brain: Encyclopedia II - Music and the brain - Music in the Animal Kingdom

See also:

Brain, Brain - The importance of the brain, Brain - The brain in animals, Brain - Pathology of the brain, Brain - Other matters, Brain - The biology of the brain, Brain - Histology, Brain - Anatomy, Brain - Brain regions in vertebrates, Brain - Function, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - History, Brain - The brain as a food

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Like most other internal organs, the brain can serve as nourishment. For example, in the Southern United States canned pork brain in gravy can be purchased for consumption as food. This form of brain is often fried with scrambled egg to produce the famous "Eggs n' Brains"[11]. The brain of animals also features in the cuisine of France such as in the dish tête de veau, or head of calf. Although it might consist only of the outer meat of the skul ...

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Brain, Brain - The importance of the brain, Brain - The brain in animals, Brain - Pathology of the brain, Brain - Other matters, Brain - The biology of the brain, Brain - Histology, Brain - Anatomy, Brain - Brain regions in vertebrates, Brain - Function, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - History, Brain - The brain as a food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - The brain as a food

This very, very exciting article actually gives a scientific theory behind many spiritual viewpoints and spiritual experiences, including enlightenment and the perception of oneness encountered by many people that have had strong spiritual experiences.

It all started 1982 at the University of Paris. A research team led by physicist Alain Aspect performed what may turn out to be one of the most important experiments of the 20th century. Aspect and his team discovered that under certain circumstances subatomic particles such as electrons are able to instantaneously communicate with each other regardless of the distance separating them. After this, it didn’t take long before the idea of a holographic universe was created. But the implications of this are truly mind boggling…

Read more here: » Spirituality and Science: The Holographic Universe

For neuroscientists, the first thing to point to is the brain; whales have enormous brains and bird brains undergo neurogenesis every year in the area which retains song memory. Monkeys and dolphins must not have the neural equipment or the need to develop music. The question of neural ability now befalls the third species with musical ability: Homo sapiens. What enables us to create and enjoy music which is absent in dolphins and monkeys? Will these structures be found in whales and/or bir ...

See also:

Music and the brain, Music and the brain - Introduction, Music and the brain - Music in the Animal Kingdom, Music and the brain - The Brain, Music and the brain - Janata et al, Music and the brain - Gray and McCormick, Music and the brain - Twin Studies, Music and the brain - Anatomy of Music, Music and the brain - Tonality and Emotion, Music and the brain - Linguistics and Organization, Music and the brain - Development, Music and the brain - Memory, Music and the brain - Auditory Cortices

Read more here: » Music and the brain: Encyclopedia II - Music and the brain - The Brain

Music and the brain - Tonality and Emotion. It has been indicated that the right auditory cortex a primary component for perceiving pitch, and parts of harmony, melody and rhythm (Tramo 2001). Janata found that there are tonally sensitive areas in the medial prefrontal cortex, the cerebellum, the Superior Temporal Sulci of both hemispheres and the Superior Temporal gyri (which has a skew towards the right hemisphere). When unpleasant melodies are played, the posterior cingulated cortex is activated, indicating a ...

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Music and the brain, Music and the brain - Introduction, Music and the brain - Music in the Animal Kingdom, Music and the brain - The Brain, Music and the brain - Janata et al, Music and the brain - Gray and McCormick, Music and the brain - Twin Studies, Music and the brain - Anatomy of Music, Music and the brain - Tonality and Emotion, Music and the brain - Linguistics and Organization, Music and the brain - Development, Music and the brain - Memory, Music and the brain - Auditory Cortices

Read more here: » Music and the brain: Encyclopedia II - Music and the brain - Anatomy of Music

Based upon the above evidence, it seems clear that music is an emergent property of rhythm, melody and linguistics; where the whole is much greater than the sum of its parts. Malyarenko played music in a background setting for a group of four year old preschoolers for a period of six months. The musical group had significantly greater interhemispheric activity and range coherence than the control. Also, the musical four year olds were found to have greater left hemisphere intrahemispheric coherence (Strickland, 2001). Musicians have been fou ...

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Music and the brain, Music and the brain - Introduction, Music and the brain - Music in the Animal Kingdom, Music and the brain - The Brain, Music and the brain - Janata et al, Music and the brain - Gray and McCormick, Music and the brain - Twin Studies, Music and the brain - Anatomy of Music, Music and the brain - Tonality and Emotion, Music and the brain - Linguistics and Organization, Music and the brain - Development, Music and the brain - Memory, Music and the brain - Auditory Cortices

Read more here: » Music and the brain: Encyclopedia II - Music and the brain - Development

Vomiting (or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth. Although it probably evolved as a mechanism for expelling ingested poisons, vomiting may result from many causes not related to poisoning, ranging from gastritis to brain tumors, or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). The feeling that one is about to vomit is called nausea. It usually, but not necessarily, precedes vomiting, but it does not always lead to vomiting. Antiemetics are somet ...

Including:

Vomiting - Mechanism Vomiting - Content Vomiting - Causes
Vomiting - Digestive tract Vomiting - Sensory system and brain Vomiting - Other
Vomiting - Related medication
Vomiting - Emetics Vomiting - Antiemetics
Vomiting - Social implications
Vomiting - Nausea inducement in groups Vomiting - Context Vomiting - In language
Vomiting - In other animals

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Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = "soul" or "mind", logos/-ology = "study of") is an academic and applied field involving the study of mind and behavior. "Psychology" also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. Psychology differs from sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science in part because it involves studying the mental processes and behavior of individuals (alone or i ...

Including:

Psychology - History Psychology - Principles of psychology
Psychology - Mind and brain Psychology - Schools of thought
Psychology - Scope of psychology
Psychology - Biological basis: the brain Psychology - Information processing: the mind Psychology - Change over time: development Psychology - Interaction with others Psychology - Study of animals in psychology Psychology - Mental health Psychology - Applied psychology
Psychology - Research methods
Psychology - Controlled experiments Psychology - Correlational studies Psychology - Longitudinal studies Psychology - Neuropsychological methods Psychology - Computational modeling
Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Read more here: » Psychology: Encyclopedia - Psychology

In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for "in the head"), acts as the control center of the central nervous system. In most animals, the brain is located in the head close to the primary sensory apparatus and the mouth. While all vertebrate nervous systems have a brain, invertebrate nervous systems may have either a centralized brain or collections of individual ganglia. The brain is an extremely complex organ; for example, the human brain is a collection of 100 billion neurons, each linked with up to 25,000 others [1]. T ...

Including:

Brain - Mind and brain Brain - History Brain - Modern neuroscience Brain - Comparative anatomy
Brain - Invertebrates Brain - Vertebrates
Brain - Neurobiology
Brain - Histology Brain - Function Brain - Brain pathology
Brain - The study of the brain
Brain - Fields of study Brain - Methods of observation Brain - Other matters
Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia - Brain

Cetacean intelligence denotes the cognitive capabilities of the cetacean order of mammals and especially the various species of dolphin. Cetaceans include whales, porpoises and dolphins and while all are broadly considered intelligent, dolphins have generated the most attention as their capabilities appear to be of a different order than that of their relatives. Conclusions about the nature and magnitude of dolphin intelligence have not yet been reached. There are many different species of dolphin (see the cetacea articl ...

Including:

Cetacean intelligence - Brain characteristics Cetacean intelligence - Differences from other mammalian brains Cetacean intelligence - Behavior
Cetacean intelligence - Pack characteristics Cetacean intelligence - Complex play Cetacean intelligence - Creative behavior
Cetacean intelligence - Communication Cetacean intelligence - Self-awareness Cetacean intelligence - Comparative Cognition

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In anatomy of animals, the archipallium the oldest region of the brain's pallium. The archipallium is often considered continguous with the olfactory cortex, but the extent of archipallium varies among species. In older species, such as fish, the archipallium makes up most of the cerebrum. Amphibians develop archipallium and paleopallium, whereas reptiles develop archipallium, paleopallium and a primitive neopallium. See also: Regions in the human brain ...

Read more here: » Archipallium: Encyclopedia - Archipallium

Located deep in the brain's medial temporal lobe, the almond-shaped amygdala (in Latin, corpus amygdaloideum) is believed to play a key role in the emotions. It forms part of the limbic system. In humans and other animals, this subcortical brain structure is linked to both fear responses and pleasure. Its size is positively correlated with aggressive behavior across species. In humans it is the most sexually dimorphic brain structure, and shrinks by more than 30% in males upon castration. Conditions such as anxiety, autism, dep ...

Including:

Amygdala - Anatomical subdivisions
Amygdala - Connections
Amygdala - Fear conditioning

Read more here: » Amygdala: Encyclopedia - Amygdala

Autostereogram - Simple wallpaper autostereogram. The human brain accomplishes stereo vision by a complex set of mechanisms which attempt to relate the two slightly different two-dimensional images seen by the two eyes. The brain tries to assemble a three-dimensional impression by matching each point (or set of points) in one eye's view with the equivalent point (or set of points) in the other eye's view. It therefore assesses the points' positi ...

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Autostereogram, Autostereogram - History, Autostereogram - How they work, Autostereogram - Simple wallpaper autostereogram, Autostereogram - Depth maps, Autostereogram - Random dot autostereogram, Autostereogram - Animated Autostereograms, Autostereogram - How to see them, Autostereogram - How the brain perceives objects in 3D, Autostereogram - How to trick the brain into seeing 3D images, Autostereogram - Techniques for improved viewing experience, Autostereogram - Terminology

Read more here: » Autostereogram: Encyclopedia II - Autostereogram - How they work

Cerebellar vermis - Description. Part of the structure of animal brains, the cerebellar vermis is a narrow, wormlike structure between the hemispheres of the cerebellum. It is the site of termination of the spinocerebellar pathways that carry nonconscious proprioception. Cerebellar vermis - Where is it?. The term vermis of cerebellum refers to a composite substructure of the cerebellar cortex. It includes the vermis of posterior lobe, which consists of the declive, the f ...

Including:

Cerebellar vermis - Description Cerebellar vermis - Where is it?

Read more here: » Cerebellar vermis: Encyclopedia - Cerebellar vermis

Anandamide, also known as arachidonylethanolamide or arachidonoylethanolamine or AEA, is a naturally occurring endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter found in the brain of animals, as well as other organs. It was isolated, and its structure elucidated by William Devane and Lumír Hanuš in the Laboratory of Raphael Mechoulam, at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1992. The name is taken from the Sanskrit wo ...

Read more here: » Anandamide: Encyclopedia - Anandamide

The term cognition (Latin, cogito: to think) is used in several different loosely related ways. In psychology it is used to refer to the mental processes of an individual, with particular relation to a view that argues that the mind has internal mental states (such as beliefs, desires and intentions) and can be understood in terms of information processing, especially when a lot of abstraction or concretization is involved, or processes such as involving knowledge, expertise or learning for example are at work. It is also used ...

Including:

Cognition - Cognition in mainstream psychology
Cognition - Influence and influences
Cognition - Cognitive ontology Cognition - Cognition as compression Cognition - Cognition as a social process Cognition - Cognition in a cultural context
Cognition - Example of emergent organization
Cognition - Summary Cognition - Related fields

Read more here: » Cognition: Encyclopedia - Cognition

The nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and processes input from the senses, and initiates actions. Prominent participants in a nervous system include neurons and nerves which play roles in such coordination. In animals without brains, the nervous system does not generate or conduct thoughts and emotions. Thus it is the system that animates "animals" (sponges are an exception). Chemicals that target the activity of nerves generally are the most rapidly act ...

Including:

Nervous system - Vertebrate nervous systems Nervous system - Metabolism of the nervous system

Read more here: » Nervous system: Encyclopedia - Nervous system

While there is no physiological characteristic that unequivocally indicates intelligence in animals, scientists naturally focus on brain size and structure. Absolute brain size does appear to correlate to intelligence[1] but it is a crude measure given that animal species vary in size over many orders of magnitude. Brain-to-body ratio is considered a more precise benchmark, particularly for species that are otherwise similar in size (the larger the species the smaller the brain-to-body mass ratios as a general rule). Comparing a land based s ...

See also:

Cetacean intelligence, Cetacean intelligence - Brain characteristics, Cetacean intelligence - Differences from other mammalian brains, Cetacean intelligence - Behavior, Cetacean intelligence - Pack characteristics, Cetacean intelligence - Complex play, Cetacean intelligence - Creative behavior, Cetacean intelligence - Communication, Cetacean intelligence - Self-awareness, Cetacean intelligence - Comparative Cognition

Read more here: » Cetacean intelligence: Encyclopedia II - Cetacean intelligence - Brain characteristics

Much advice exists about seeing the intended three-dimensional image in an autostereogram. While some people can simply see the 3D image in an autostereogram, others need to learn to train their eyes to decouple eye convergence from lens focusing. People with amblyopia (lazy eye) are unable to see the three-dimensional image. Autostereogram - How the brain perceives objects in 3D. The depth perception of the brain is based on many operations. For objects relatively close to the eyes (within 18-20 feet), bi ...

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Autostereogram, Autostereogram - History, Autostereogram - How they work, Autostereogram - Simple wallpaper autostereogram, Autostereogram - Depth maps, Autostereogram - Random dot autostereogram, Autostereogram - Animated Autostereograms, Autostereogram - How to see them, Autostereogram - How the brain perceives objects in 3D, Autostereogram - How to trick the brain into seeing 3D images, Autostereogram - Techniques for improved viewing experience, Autostereogram - Terminology

Read more here: » Autostereogram: Encyclopedia II - Autostereogram - How to see them