The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres (a plexus) running from the spine (vertebrae C5-T1), through the neck, the axilla (armpit region), and into the arm. All nerves of the arm stem from the brachial plexus (with the exception of the intercostobrachialis nerve which supplies an area of skin near the axilla). Therefore, lesions of the plexus can lead to severe functional impairment. Brachial plexus - Anatomy. The brachial plexus starts from the five ventral rami of the spinal nerves, after th ...

Including:

Brachial plexus - Anatomy
Brachial plexus - Branches of the brachial plexus
Brachial plexus - Anesthesia of the Brachial Plexus
Brachial plexus - Peripheral nerve blockade Brachial plexus - Brachial plexus blockade
Brachial plexus - Injuries

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See also:

Brachial plexus, Brachial plexus - Anatomy, Brachial plexus - Branches of the brachial plexus, Brachial plexus - Anesthesia of the Brachial Plexus, Brachial plexus - Peripheral nerve blockade, Brachial plexus - Brachial plexus blockade, Brachial plexus - Injuries

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The brachial plexus starts from the five ventral rami of the spinal nerves, after they have given off their segmental supply to the muscles of the neck. These are the five roots. These roots merge to form three trunks: "superior" or "upper" C5-C6, "middle" C7, and "inferior" or "lower" C8-T1. Each trunk then splits to form an anterior and a posterior division. These six divisions will regroup to become the cords. The cords are named by their position in respect to the axillary artery. The posterior ...

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Brachial plexus, Brachial plexus - Anatomy, Brachial plexus - Branches of the brachial plexus, Brachial plexus - Anesthesia of the Brachial Plexus, Brachial plexus - Peripheral nerve blockade, Brachial plexus - Brachial plexus blockade, Brachial plexus - Injuries

Read more here: » Brachial plexus: Encyclopedia II - Brachial plexus - Anatomy

The upper limb is the professional term used to describe the region that laymen would usually call the "arm". In human anatomy, this area is defined as everything from: the shoulder the surrounding axilla muscles and structures supplied by the brachial plexus nerves the arm the forearm the wrist (carpal joint) and the hand. Category: Upper limb anatomy Other related archi

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The ulnar nerve is a nerve that in humans runs down the arm and forearm, and into the hand. The ulnar nerve comes from the lower cord of the brachial plexus, and runs posterior to the humerus down the arm, going behind the medial epicondyle at the elbow. This part of the ulnar nerve is known as the funnybone for two reasons: because of its proximity to the humerus (and the similar word "humorous"), and because of the mild pain and tingling throughout the forearm associated with sudden compression of the nerve at this point (the label 'funnybone' is th ...

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The last 4 cervical spinal nerves, C5 through C8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, T1,combine to form the brachial plexus, or plexus brachialis, a tangled array of nerves, splitting, combining and recombining, to form the nerves that subserve the arm and upper back. Although the brachial plexus may appear tangled, it is highly organized and predictable, with little variation between people. See brachial plexus injuries. See also:

Peripheral nervous system, Peripheral nervous system - Naming of specific nerves, Peripheral nervous system - Cervical spinal nerves C1-C4, Peripheral nervous system - Brachial plexus C5-T1, Peripheral nervous system - Before forming three cords, Peripheral nervous system - Lateral cord, Peripheral nervous system - Posterior cord, Peripheral nervous system - Medial cord, Peripheral nervous system - Other thoracic spinal nerves T3-T12, Peripheral nervous system - Pelvis and perineal nerves

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The 12 cranial nerves originate from the brainstem, and mainly control the functions of the anatomic structures of the head with some exceptions. CN X receives visceral sensory information from the thorax and abdomen, and CN XI is responsible for innervating the sternocleidomastoid, or musculus sternocleidomastoideus and trapezius muscle, or the musculus trapezius, neither of which are exclusively in the head. Spinal nerves take their origins from the spinal cord. They control the functions of the rest of the body. In humans, there ar ...

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Peripheral nervous system, Peripheral nervous system - Naming of specific nerves, Peripheral nervous system - Cervical spinal nerves C1-C4, Peripheral nervous system - Brachial plexus C5-T1, Peripheral nervous system - Before forming three cords, Peripheral nervous system - Lateral cord, Peripheral nervous system - Posterior cord, Peripheral nervous system - Medial cord, Peripheral nervous system - Other thoracic spinal nerves T3-T12, Peripheral nervous system - Pelvis and perineal nerves

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The clavicles articulate with the manubrium, so form an anterior relation of thoracic inlet. Superior to the thoracic inlet is the root of the neck, and the superior mediastinum is related inferiorly. The brachial plexuses are superolateral relations of the thoracic inlet. The brachial plexus emerges between the anterior and middle scalene muscle, superior to the first rib and pass obliquely and inferiorly, underneath the clavicle, into the shoulder and then the arm. Impingement of the plexus in the region of the scalenes, ribs an ...

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Superior thoracic aperture, Superior thoracic aperture - Boundaries, Superior thoracic aperture - Relations, Superior thoracic aperture - Reference

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The supraspinatus muscle is supplied by the suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, and C6), which arises from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus and passes laterally through the posterior triangle of the neck and through the scapular notch on the superior border of the scapula. After supplying fibers to the supraspinatus muscle, it supplies articular branches to the capsule of the shoulder joint. This nerve can be damaged along its course in fractures of the overlying clavicle, which can redu ...

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Supraspinatus muscle, Supraspinatus muscle - Origin, Supraspinatus muscle - Insertion, Supraspinatus muscle - Innervation, Supraspinatus muscle - Action

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The first rib is rarely fractured because of its protected position behind the clavicle (collarbone). However, if it is broken serious damage can occur to the brachial plexus of nerves and the subclavian vessels. The middle ribs are the ones most commonly fractured. Fractures usually occur from direct blows or from indirect crushing injuries. The weakest part of a rib is just anterior to its angle, but a fracture can occur anywhere. A lower rib fracture has the complication of potentially injuring ...

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Rib, Rib - Types of Ribs, Rib - Rib Anatomy, Rib - Typical ribs, Rib - Atypical ribs, Rib - Rib Fractures and Associated Injuries, Rib - Bifid rib bifurcated rib, Rib - Biblical Legend

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The first rib is rarely fractured because of its protected position behind the clavicle (collarbone). However, if it is broken serious damage can occur to the brachial plexus of nerves and the subclavian vessels. The middle ribs are the ones most commonly fractured. Fractures usually occur from direct blows or from indirect crushing injuries. The weakest part of a rib is just anterior to its angle, but a fracture can occur anywhere. A lower rib fracture has the complication of potentially injuring ...

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Rib, Rib - Types of Ribs, Rib - Rib Anatomy, Rib - Typical ribs, Rib - Atypical ribs, Rib - Rib Fractures and Associated Injuries, Rib - Bifid rib bifurcated rib, Rib - Biblical Legend, Rib - Notes

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In anatomy, ribs (Latin costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage. Ribs surround the chest (Latin thorax) of land vertebrates, and protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thoracic cavity. In mammals, one generally thinks of ribs only occurring in the chest. However, fused-on remnants of ribs can be traced in development in neck vertebrae and sacral vertebrae. In reptiles, ribs sometimes occur in all vertebrae from the neck to the sacrum. Fish can have up to four ribs on each vert ...

Including:

Rib - Types of Ribs Rib - Rib Anatomy
Rib - Atypical ribs
Rib - Rib Fractures and Associated Injuries Rib - Bifid rib, bifurcated rib Rib - Biblical Legend Rib - Notes

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Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge from the brainstem instead of the spinal cord. Cranial nerves I and II are named as such, but are technically not nerves, as they are continuations of the central nervous system. In human anatomy, there are exactly 12 pairs of them, traditionally abbreviated by the corresponding Roman numerals: Olfactory nerve (I) Optic nerve (II) Oculomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Trigeminal nerve (V), subdivided into Ophthalmic nerve (V1)< ...

Including:

Cranial nerves - Nerves and nuclei
Cranial nerves - Arrangement of the nuclei
Cranial nerves - Cranial nerves in non-human vertebrates Cranial nerves - Mnemonic devices Cranial nerves - External link

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In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery. It has several smaller branches. In order, when traveling from the heart, they are: Superior thoracic artery, Thoracoacromial artery, Lateral thoracic artery, Subscapular artery, Anterior circumflex humeral artery an ...

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In anatomy, ribs (Latin costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage. Ribs surround the chest (Latin thorax) of land vertebrates, and protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thoracic cavity. In mammals, one generally thinks of ribs only occurring in the chest. However, fused-on remnants of ribs can be traced in development in neck vertebrae and sacral vertebrae. In reptiles, ribs sometimes occur in all vertebrae from the neck to the sacrum. Fish can have up to four ribs on each vert ...

Including:

Rib - Types of Ribs Rib - Rib Anatomy
Rib - Typical ribs Rib - Atypical ribs
Rib - Rib Fractures and Associated Injuries Rib - Bifid rib bifurcated rib Rib - Biblical Legend Rib - Notes

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In anatomy, the arm is the upper limb of a bipedal mammal, specifically the segment between the shoulder and the elbow. Arm can also refer to any analogous structure, such as one of the paired forelimbs of a quadruped, or any muscular hydrostat similar to a tentacle, as seen on some cephalopods, such as octopuses. The term arm also refers to the entire upper limb in an organism. Anatomically, the segment between the elbow and wrist is properly called the forearm. In primates the arms are richly adapted for ...

Including:

Arm - Anatomy of the human arm
Arm - Bony structure and joints Arm - Osteofascial compartments Arm - Cubital fossa Arm - Nervous supply Arm - Blood supply and venous drainage

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A plexus is a network. In biology it has two meanings. In many animals the processes of neurons join together to form a plexus or nerve net. This is the characteristic form of nervous system in the coelenterates and persists with modifications in the flatworms. The nerves of the radially symmetric echinoderms also take this form, where a plexus underlies the ectoderm of these animals and deeper in the body other nerve cells form plexuses of limited extent. In vertebrates nerves branch and rejoin in some parts of the body, for e ...

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Plexus - Novel

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The accessory nerve (or "Spinal accessory nerve") is the eleventh of twelve cranial nerves. It leaves the cranium through the jugular foramen along with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and vagus nerve (X). It innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle (sternomastoid) and trapezius muscle on the ipsilateral side. There are two parts to the accessory nerve, a spinal part (innervates the muscles around neck), and a cranial part, that splits off, and quickly combines with the vagus nerve. The cranial part of nerve XI can b ...

Including:

Accessory nerve - Nuclei of the spinal accessory nerve Accessory nerve - Testing the accessory nerve

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Exposure to carcinogens, such as those present in tobacco smoke, immediately causes cumulative changes to the tissue lining the bronchi of the lungs (the bronchial mucous membrane) and more tissue gets damaged until a tumour develops. There are four major causes of lung cancer (and, actually, cancer in general): Carcinogens such as those in cigarette smoke Radiation exposure Genetic susceptibility Viral infection Lun ...

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Lung cancer, Lung cancer - Signs and symptoms, Lung cancer - Diagnosis, Lung cancer - Types, Lung cancer - Non-small cell lung cancer, Lung cancer - Small cell lung cancer, Lung cancer - Other types, Lung cancer - Metastatic, Lung cancer - Causes, Lung cancer - The role of smoking, Lung cancer - Asbestos, Lung cancer - Radon gas, Lung cancer - Genetics and viruses, Lung cancer - Treatment, Lung cancer - Surgery, Lung cancer - Chemotherapy, Lung cancer - Targeted therapy, Lung cancer - Radiotherapy, Lung cancer - Interventional radiology, Lung cancer - Epidemiology, Lung cancer - Prevention, Lung cancer - Primary prevention, Lung cancer - Screening and secondary prevention

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Rib - Typical ribs. The third through ninth ribs are "typical ribs" since they share the same structure. They each have a head that has two facets separated by a crest. One head articulates with the rib's corresponding vertebra and one head articulates with the vertebra superior (above) to it. They have a neck that connects the head with the shaft. The neck meets the shaft at a tubercle. The shaft is thin, flat, and curved. The curve is most prominent at the costal angle. The concave (inside) surface has a groove to protect the intercostal nerve and vessels. See also:

Rib, Rib - Types of Ribs, Rib - Rib Anatomy, Rib - Typical ribs, Rib - Atypical ribs, Rib - Rib Fractures and Associated Injuries, Rib - Bifid rib bifurcated rib, Rib - Biblical Legend

Read more here: » Rib: Encyclopedia II - Rib - Rib Anatomy