Bosnians

About one hundred years ago, the term "Bosniak" had a similar meaning to the one "Bosnian" has today. Many of the people who lived in Bosnia and Herzegovina once called themselves "Bosniaks" including Catholics, Orthodox Christians, Jews and Muslims. This meaning has since been relatively replaced. During the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1878 to 1918, the administration of Benjamin Kallay, the Austria-Hungarian governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina, enforced the idea of a unitary Bosnian nation (Bosanci) tha ...

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Bosnians, Bosnians - History, Bosnians - Bosnians in respect to religion, Bosnians - Bosnians today

Read more here: » Bosnians: Encyclopedia II - Bosnians - History

Serbia and Montenegro:    c. 245,000   Serbia:   136,087 [+19,503] (2002) [1]   Montenegro:   63,272 [+28,714] (2003) [2] Croatia:    20,755 (2001) [3] Slovenia:    21,542 (2002) [4] Republic of Macedonia:    17,018 (2002) [5] Germany:    180,000 USA:    130,000 Austria:    90,000 Sweden:    54,000 Switzer ...

Including:

• Bosniaks - History
• Bosniaks - Pre-Slavic roots
• Bosniaks - Medieval Bosnia
• Bosniaks - Ottoman rule
• Bosniaks - Austro-Hungarian rule and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
• Bosniaks - The struggle for recognition
• Bosniaks - Culture
• Bosniaks - Folklore
• Bosniaks - Language
• Bosniaks - Religion
• Bosniaks - Surnames and names
• Bosniaks - Symbols
• Bosniaks - Traditions and customs
• Bosniaks - Important dates in Bosniak history
• Bosniaks - People
• Bosniaks - Bosniaks today

Read more here: » Bosniaks: Encyclopedia - Bosniaks

Originally, the Islamic Ottoman Empire didn't have a concept of private ownership of land. Rights to till the land (tapija) were given to deserving military commanders (spahi), and after their death this right was delegated to another person. However, considering the special circumstances of the border-line province of Bosnia, the Ottoman sultan made an exception allowing for tapijas to be hereditary. This resulted in a de facto feudal system. Bosnian landlords (begs) quickly acquired more land than they could pos ...

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Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ethnic background of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Brief history of religions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Transformation of ethnicity to religion its cause and course

Read more here: » Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Encyclopedia II - Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Transformation of ethnicity to religion its cause and course

Bosniaks - Pre-Slavic roots. The earliest well known inhabitants of the area now known as Bosnia and Herzegovina were the Illyrians. This ancient Indo-European people presumably arrived in the west Balkans around 2000 BC, overrunning the various old European cultures who lived there before them (such as the Butmir Culture in the vicinity of modern Sarajevo). Despite the arrival of the Celts in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, the Illyrians remained the dominant group in the west Balk ...

See also:

Bosniaks, Bosniaks - History, Bosniaks - Pre-Slavic roots, Bosniaks - Medieval Bosnia, Bosniaks - Ottoman rule, Bosniaks - Austro-Hungarian rule and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Bosniaks - The struggle for recognition, Bosniaks - Culture, Bosniaks - Folklore, Bosniaks - Language, Bosniaks - Religion, Bosniaks - Surnames and names, Bosniaks - Symbols, Bosniaks - Traditions and customs, Bosniaks - Important dates in Bosniak history, Bosniaks - People, Bosniaks - Bosniaks today

Read more here: » Bosniaks: Encyclopedia II - Bosniaks - History

Burek or Börek is a dish originating in Turkish Cuisine, but very popular in many countries in the Balkan region (especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina), probably spread during the Ottoman Empire. It is made of phyllo pastry, generally filled with cheese (most commonly feta cheese), meat (most commonly ground beef), or vegetables (most commonly spinach). Börek is the Turkish word for this food. In Albania it is called byrek. In other Balkan countries (most notably countries of former Yugoslavia) ...

Including:

• Burek - Börek
• Burek - Burek

Read more here: » Burek: Encyclopedia - Burek

The Bosnian language (bosanski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Central-South Slavic diasystem, based on the Štokavian dialect. The language is used primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the region of Sandžak (in Serbia and Montenegro) and elsewhere. It is based on the Western variant of the Shtokavian dialect and uses both the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The name Bosnian language is the commonly accepted name among Bosniak linguists, and the name used by the ISO-639 standard. Including:

• Bosnian language - History
• Bosnian language - Controversy
• Bosnian language - Phonology
• Bosnian language - Vowels
• Bosnian language - Consonants
• Bosnian language - Differences to similar languages

Read more here: » Bosnian language: Encyclopedia - Bosnian language

Adnan Terzic Bosnia and Herzegovina (locally: Bosna i Hercegovina/Босна и Херцеговина, most commonly abbreviated as BiH) is a country in south-east Europe with an estimated population of between three and four million people. The country is the homeland of its three ethnic constituent peoples: Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats. Other communities that live there are not given the status of being "constituent"[1]. A citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina, ...

Including:

• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Etymology
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - History
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Pre-Slavic period
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Medieval Bosnia
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ottoman era
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Austrio-Hungarian rule
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - The first Yugoslavia
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - World War II
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Socialist Yugoslavia
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Bosnian war
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Politics
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Subdivisions
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Geography
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Economy
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Demographics
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Education
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Culture
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Gallery
• Bosnia and Herzegovina - Related topics

Read more here: » Bosnia and Herzegovina: Encyclopedia - Bosnia and Herzegovina

This article is about genocide that took place during the Bosnian War from 1992-1995. Other cases of genocide in the same region during World War II are covered in other articles. The Bosnian Genocide or Bosnia Genocide was an organized killing of Bosnians, predominantly male Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) during the war between 1992 and 1995 by authorities of Republika Srpska and its Army. The Bosnian Genocide is a term used by some academic and human rights institutions when referring to the case of genocide that to ...

Including:

• Bosnian Genocide - Recent Developments
• Bosnian Genocide - Background
• Bosnian Genocide - Statements

Read more here: » Bosnian Genocide: Encyclopedia - Bosnian Genocide

The Battle of Varna took place on November 10, 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. In this battle the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II defeated the Polish and Hungarian armies under Wladislaus III of Poland (Władysław III Warneńczyk in Polish) and Janos Hunyadi. Battle of Varna - Prelude. After a failed expedition in 1441/1442 against Belgrade, the Ottoman sultan Murad II signed a ten-year truce with Hungary. After he had made peace with the Karaman Emirate in Anatolia in August 1444, he resigned th ...

Including:

• Battle of Varna - Prelude
• Battle of Varna - Forces
• Battle of Varna - Aftermath
• Battle of Varna - Follow Up

Read more here: » Battle of Varna: Encyclopedia - Battle of Varna

The Waffen-SS ("Armed Protective Squadron") was the combat arm of the Schutzstaffel. Headed by Heinrich Himmler who was ranked Reichsführer-SS (National Leader of the SS), the Waffen-SS saw action throughout the Second World War. After humble beginnings as a protection unit for the NSDAP leadership, the Waffen-SS eventually grew into a force of thirty-eight combat divisions comprising over 950,000 men, and including a number of elite units. In the Nuremberg Trials, the Waffen-SS was condemned as part of a criminal organisation ...

Including:

• Waffen-SS - Early history; LSSAH SS-VT
• Waffen-SS - Concept training
• Waffen-SS - Trial by fire
• Waffen-SS - Classic SS divisions
• Waffen-SS - Foreign volunteers and conscripts
• Waffen-SS - War crimes and atrocities

Read more here: » Waffen-SS: Encyclopedia - Waffen-SS

During the Bronze Age, Bosnia was inhabited by a group of tribes we usually call Illyrians or Illyres. They were finally conquered by Roman Empire in A.D. 10. It is commonly believed that Illyrians were completely Romanized by the 4th century; they spoke Latin language and their pagan religion was first replaced by corresponding Roman myths and later they became Christians. The turmoil after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 was followed by settlement of Slavs in the 7th century. Even though modern languages of this area are ...

See also:

Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ethnic background of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Brief history of religions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Transformation of ethnicity to religion its cause and course

Read more here: » Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Encyclopedia II - Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ethnic background of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosniaks - Bosniaks today. Today, a national consciousness is found in the vast majority of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the country, Bosniaks make up a large majority in the Bosna river valley and western Bosnian Krajina, with significant populations found in Herzegovina. Currently, they are estimated to make up between 48 and 51% of the total population. With no official census howeve ...

See also:

Bosniaks, Bosniaks - History, Bosniaks - Pre-Slavic roots, Bosniaks - Medieval Bosnia, Bosniaks - Ottoman rule, Bosniaks - Austro-Hungarian rule and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Bosniaks - The struggle for recognition, Bosniaks - Culture, Bosniaks - Folklore, Bosniaks - Language, Bosniaks - Religion, Bosniaks - Surnames and names, Bosniaks - Symbols, Bosniaks - Traditions and customs, Bosniaks - Important dates in Bosniak history, Bosniaks - People, Bosniaks - Bosniaks today

Read more here: » Bosniaks: Encyclopedia II - Bosniaks - People

South Slavs were christianized in 9th century. Until the Ottoman conqueror of Bosnia, we have evidence of three Christian denominations in Bosnia: Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic and an indigenous church known as the Bosnian Church. Both Orthodox and Catholic officials declared this church to be a heresy. Apart from testimonies of inquisitors and a few excerpts from allegedly apocryphal texts, we have very little knowledge of the Bosnian Church. Its connection with Bogomils is spurious, however. Discussion about how numerous each of these d ...

See also:

Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ethnic background of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Brief history of religions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Transformation of ethnicity to religion its cause and course

Read more here: » Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Encyclopedia II - Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Brief history of religions in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosniaks - Folklore. Bosniak folklore has a long tradition dating back to the 15th century. Like many other elements of Bosniak culture, their folklore is a mix of Slavic and Oriental influences, typically taking place prior to the 19th century. Two popular characters seen often in Bosniak folklore are the trickster and the Hero. Probably the most famous example of the first is that of Nasrudin Hodža, where local folklore has him taking part in various episodes in a Bosnian setting. Other tricksters inclu ...

See also:

Bosniaks, Bosniaks - History, Bosniaks - Pre-Slavic roots, Bosniaks - Medieval Bosnia, Bosniaks - Ottoman rule, Bosniaks - Austro-Hungarian rule and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Bosniaks - The struggle for recognition, Bosniaks - Culture, Bosniaks - Folklore, Bosniaks - Language, Bosniaks - Religion, Bosniaks - Surnames and names, Bosniaks - Symbols, Bosniaks - Traditions and customs, Bosniaks - Important dates in Bosniak history, Bosniaks - People, Bosniaks - Bosniaks today

Read more here: » Bosniaks: Encyclopedia II - Bosniaks - Culture

The Slavs, who had originated in areas spanning modern-day southern Poland, were subjugated by the Eurasian Avars in the 5th century, and together they invaded the Eastern Roman Empire in the 6th and 7th centuries, settling in what is now Bosnia, Herzegovina, and the surrounding lands. The Serbs and Croats came later, in the first half of the 7th century as is explained in De Administrando Imperio, settling in the lands parts of Bosnia and surrounding lands. Majority of the Serbs settled in Rascia while the majority of Croats established the ...

See also:

History of Bosnia and Herzegovina, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ancient history, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Middle Ages, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ottoman era, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - 19th and 20th century, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Post-Yugoslav Bosnia, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - War in Bosnia, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia after the war, History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Notes

Read more here: » History of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Encyclopedia II - History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Middle Ages

After a failed expedition in 1441/1442 against Belgrade, the Ottoman sultan Murad II signed a ten-year truce with Hungary. After he had made peace with the Karaman Emirate in Anatolia in August 1444, he resigned the throne to his 12-year-old son Mehmed II. Despite the peace treaty, Hungary co-operated with Venice and the pope Eugenius IV to organize a new crusader army. On this news Murad was recalled to the throne by his son. Although Murad initially refused this summoning persistently on the grounds that he was not the sultan anymor ...

See also:

Battle of Varna, Battle of Varna - Prelude, Battle of Varna - Forces, Battle of Varna - Aftermath, Battle of Varna - Follow Up

Read more here: » Battle of Varna: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Varna - Prelude

In the past century, more or less systematic sprees of deliberate large-scale killings of entire groups of people have occurred in what is now the countries of Turkey, Namibia, Congo, Russia, Ukraine, Poland, China, Cambodia, Rwanda and Sudan. In a wider historical perspective, genocide, has been common throughout history, the annihilation of entire peoples, such as the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean and Patagonia, by Europeans, either directly or indirectly by making survival or procreation impossible, is usually considered to be genocide.
See also:

Genocides in history, Genocides in history - Ancient/medieval genocides, Genocides in history - Biblical genocides, Genocides in history - Scythian slaughter of Cimmerians, Genocides in history - Roman Empire, Genocides in history - France, Genocides in history - Genghis Khan and his sons, Genocides in history - Islamic conquest of South Asia, Genocides in history - Genocides from 1500 to 1950, Genocides in history - The Americas, Genocides in history - Canada, Genocides in history - The Congo, Genocides in history - Croatia, Genocides in history - Germany, Genocides in history - German South-West Africa, Genocides in history - Paraguay, Genocides in history - Philippines, Genocides in history - The Commonwealth of Poland - Lithuania, Genocides in history - Turkey, Genocides in history - United States, Genocides in history - USSR, Genocides in history - Genocides from 1951 to 1990, Genocides in history - Algeria, Genocides in history - Australia, Genocides in history - Bangladesh Liberation War, Genocides in history - Cambodia, Genocides in history - Guatemala, Genocides in history - Iraq, Genocides in history - Kashmir and Jammu, Genocides in history - China & Tibet, Genocides in history - Genocides since 1991, Genocides in history - Bosnia, Genocides in history - Rwanda, Genocides in history - Sudan, Genocides in history - Notes

Read more here: » Genocides in history: Encyclopedia II - Genocides in history - Genocides from 1500 to 1950

Herceg Novi, one of the youngest towns on the Adriatic coast, was originally called St. Stefan. The city was established in the Dracevica parish by the Bay of Topla in 1382 by the Bosnian king Tvrtko I Kotromanić. Novi, Castrum Novum, and Castel Nuovo were just few of the names Herceg Novi was called throughout the history. During the reign of the Herceg Stefana Vuksic Kosaca city was named Herceg Novi and experienced its most prosperous period. In 1482, the city was conquered by the Turks, who controlled the city until 1687. For a b ...

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Herceg Novi, Herceg Novi - History, Herceg Novi - Culture

Read more here: » Herceg Novi: Encyclopedia II - Herceg Novi - History

List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Medieval Bosnian State 1154-1463. 1154. - 1163. Ban Borić 1172. - 1204. Ban Kulin 1204. - 1232. Ban Stjepan 1232. - 1253. Ban Matej Ninoslav 1254. - 1287. Prijezda I 1287. - 1290. Prijezda II 1267. - 1313. Stjepan I Kotromanić, also known as Kotroman 1314 .- 1353. Stjepan II Kotromanić 1353. - 1366. Tvrtko I Kotromanić 1366. - 1367. Stjepan ...

See also:

List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Arts, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Literature, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Fine Arts, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Theatre and Performing Arts, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Popular Culture, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Film Radio and Television, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Pop Rock and Alternative music, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Ethno and Folk Music, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Politicians and Historical Figures, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Medieval Bosnian State 1154-1463, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Ottoman rule 1463-1878, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Austro-Hungarian Occupation 1878-1918, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918-1941, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - World War II, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1943-1991, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Bosnian Presidents since 1990, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Other prominent political figures since 1943, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Sportspeople, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Basketball, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Chess, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Football, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Handball, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Martial arts, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Tennis, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Other Prominent People, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Infamous People, List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Related Articles

Read more here: » List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians: Encyclopedia II - List of Bosnians and Herzegovinians - Politicians and Historical Figures

Himmler, wishing to expand the Waffen-SS, advocated the idea of SS controlled foreign legions. The Reichsführer, with his penchant for medieval lore, envisioned a united European 'crusade', fighting to save old Europe from the 'Godless bolshevik hordes'. While volunteers from regions which had been declared Aryan were approved almost instantly, Himmler eagerly pressed for the creation of more and more foreign units. In late 1940, the creation of a multinational SS division, the Wiking, was authorised. Command of the division w ...

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Waffen-SS, Waffen-SS - Early history; LSSAH SS-VT, Waffen-SS - Concept training, Waffen-SS - Trial by fire, Waffen-SS - Classic SS divisions, Waffen-SS - Foreign volunteers and conscripts, Waffen-SS - War crimes and atrocities

Read more here: » Waffen-SS: Encyclopedia II - Waffen-SS - Foreign volunteers and conscripts