Encyclopedia - Boron: Encyclopedia - Boron
Boron is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol B and atomic number 5. A trivalent metalloid element, boron occurs ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boron: Encyclopedia Ii - Boron - Notable Characteristics
Boron is electron-deficient, possessing a vacant p-orbital. It is an electrophile. Compounds of boron often behave as Lewis acids, readil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boron: Encyclopedia Ii - Boron - Isotopes
Boron has two naturally-occurring and stable isotopes, 11B (80.1%) and 10B (19.9%). The mass difference results in a wide range of δB-11...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boron Trifluoride: Encyclopedia - Boron Trifluoride
Boron trifluoride (BF3, trifluoroborane) is a pungent colourless toxic gas. In moist air it forms white fumes. Boron trifluoride can be h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boron: Encyclopedia Ii - Boron - Applications
The most economically important compounds of boron are: sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Na2B4O7 · 5H2O, which is used in large amounts ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boron: Encyclopedia Ii - Boron - History
Compounds of boron (Arabic Buraq from Persian Burah) have been known of for thousands of years. In early Egypt, mummification depended up...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boron: Encyclopedia Ii - Boron - Occurrence
The United States and Turkey are the world's largest producers of boron. Boron does not appear in nature in elemental form but is found c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boron Nitride: Encyclopedia - Boron Nitride
Disclaimer and references Boron nitride is a binary chemical compound, consisting of equal proportions of boron and nitrogen, with formul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crystallographic Defects In Diamond: Encyclopedia - Crystallographic Defects In Diamond
Crystallographic defects in the crystal lattice of diamond are common; they may be the result of extrinsic substitutional impurities, or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ferrite Magnet: Encyclopedia - Ferrite Magnet
Ferrites are ferromagnetic ceramic materials, compounds of iron, boron and barium or strontium or molybdenum. Ferrites have a high magnet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baleen: Encyclopedia - Baleen
Baleen (also called whalebone) is a substance made of keratin and is therefore stiff but somewhat elastic. Whalebone is a modification of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Metal: Encyclopedia - Metal
In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tourmaline: Encyclopedia - Tourmaline
The tourmaline mineral group is chemically one of the most complicated groups of silicate minerals. It is a complex silicate of aluminium...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borosilicate Glass: Encyclopedia - Borosilicate Glass
Borosilicate glass is a particular type of glass, better known under the brand names Pyrex and Kimax. It was first developed by German gl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Holy Grail: Encyclopedia - Holy Grail
In Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish, plate, cup or vessel used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borate: Encyclopedia - Borate
The borate ion is BO33-. A borate is a compound of the borate ion with metallic elements. Boron found in nature is commonly as a borate m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chobham Armour: Encyclopedia - Chobham Armour
Chobham armour is a composite armour developed at the British tank research centre on Chobham Common. Although the exact composition of C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abrasive: Encyclopedia - Abrasive
An abrasive is usually a material that is used to smooth, machine, or, in some cases, roughen another softer material through extensive r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bn: Encyclopedia - Bn
BN or bn may stand for: Bachelor of Nursing Barisan Nasional, a political coalition in Malaysia Barnes and Noble, a popular bookstore/co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boron California: Encyclopedia Ii - Boron California - Geography
Boron is located at 35°0'55" North, 117°39'39" West (35.015177, -117.660799)GR1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boron California: Encyclopedia Ii - Boron California - Demographics
As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there are 2,025 people, 801 households, and 535 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 56.5...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crystallographic Defects In Diamond: Encyclopedia Ii - Crystallographic Defects In Diamond - Extrinsic Defects
The burning of diamonds in a vacuum and the analysis of resultant gases and remnant matter has shown that diamonds can contain many eleme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borazon: Encyclopedia Ii - Borazon - Production
Borazon is used in industrial applications to shape tools as it can withstand temperatures greater than 2000 °C (3500 °F), much higher ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crystallographic Defects In Diamond: Encyclopedia Ii - Crystallographic Defects In Diamond - Intrinsic Defects
Every natural diamond crystal contains typical intrinsic or self-defects: vacancies, dislocations, and interstitial atoms. Crystallograp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spirulina: Encyclopedia Ii - Spirulina - Nutritional Facts
55 - 70 % protein. Contains: vitamin A, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin), vitamin C, vitamin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sodium Borohydride: Encyclopedia Ii - Sodium Borohydride - Reactivity
Sodium borohydride will convert aldehydes and ketones into alcohols but unlike the powerful reducing agent lithium aluminium hydride will...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borane: Encyclopedia Ii - Borane - Chemistry
The chemistry of boranes is dominated by boron possessing only three valence electrons, but four valence orbitals. Imagining a covalently...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Elements Song: Encyclopedia Ii - The Elements Song - Lyrics
There's antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium, And hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and rhenium, And nickel, neodymium, neptunium, german...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Igraine: Encyclopedia Ii - Igraine - Robert De Boron
In Robert de Boron's later Merlin, Igraine's previous husband is an unnamed Duke of Tintagel and it is by him that she becomes the mother...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Igraine: Encyclopedia Ii - Igraine - Geoffrey Of Monmouth
The first surviving mention is in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, where she enters the story as the wife of Gorlois, Du...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Igraine: Encyclopedia Ii - Igraine - Vulgate Merlin
In the Vulgate Merlin Ygraine is provided with two earlier husbands, one named Hoel who is the father of two daughters: Gawain's mother a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Material Properties Of Diamond: Encyclopedia Ii - Material Properties Of Diamond - Hardness And Crystal Structure
See also: Crystallographic defects in diamond Known to the Ancient Greeks as adamas ("untameable" or "unconquerable") and sometimes calle...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Holy Grail: Encyclopedia Ii - Holy Grail - Ideas Of The Grail
As stated above, the Grail was considered a bowl or dish when first described by Chrétien de Troyes. Other authors had their own ideas; ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borane: Encyclopedia Ii - Borane - History
German chemist Alfred Stock was the first scientist to characterize the series of boron-hydrogen compounds by analogy with hydrocarbons. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Holy Grail: Encyclopedia Ii - Holy Grail - The Beginnings Of The Grail In Literature
Holy Grail - Chrétien de Troyes. The Grail is first featured in Perceval, le Conte du Graal (The Story of the Grail) by Chrétien de T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Holy Grail: Encyclopedia Ii - Holy Grail - The Later Legend
Belief in the Grail, and interest in its potential whereabouts, has never ceased. Ownership has been attributed to various groups (includ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Holy Grail: Encyclopedia Ii - Holy Grail - Modern Interpretations
Holy Grail - Casual metaphor. The legend of the Holy Grail is the basis of the use of the term holy grail in modern-day culture. This o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inorganic Compounds By Element: Encyclopedia Ii - Inorganic Compounds By Element - Elements
Inorganic compounds by element - Aluminium. AlH3, AlBr3, AlCl3, AlnCl(3n-m)(OH)m, AlF3, AlGaAs2, AlGaN2, Al(OH)3, Al(i-PrO)3, Al(NO3)3,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Table Of Nuclides: Encyclopedia Ii - Table Of Nuclides - Thallium
... See also:Table of nuclides, Table of nuclides - Neutron, Table of nuclides - Hydrogen, Table of nuclides - Helium, Table of nucli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Isotopes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Isotopes - Elements 46-60
List of isotopes - Palladium. Main article Isotopes of palladium List of isotopes - Silver. Main article Isotopes of silver List of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Semiconductor Fabrication: Encyclopedia Ii - Semiconductor Fabrication - Hazardous Materials Note
Many toxic materials are used in the fabrication process. These include: poisonous elemental dopants such as arsenic, boron, antimony an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Isotopes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Isotopes - Elements 91-105
List of isotopes - Protactinium. Main article Isotopes of protactinium List of isotopes - Uranium. Main article Isotopes of uranium ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Isotopes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Isotopes - Elements 1-15
List of isotopes - Hydrogen. Main article Isotopes of hydrogen Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-4 Hydrogen-5 Hydrogen-6 Hydrogen-7 Lis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydroboration-oxidation Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydroboration-oxidation Reaction - Isolation Of Borane Reagents
Borane exists as a toxic, colorless gas called diborane (B2H6). In diborane, the electrons of two hydrogen-boron bonds are delocalized an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydroboration-oxidation Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydroboration-oxidation Reaction - Mechanism
The addition of BH3 to the alkene is a concerted reaction, with multiple bond formation and breaking occuring simultaneously. The interme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bond Energy: Encyclopedia Ii - Bond Energy - Bond Energy/distance Correlation
Bond strength (energy) can be directly related to the distance of that bond. Therefore we can use the metallic, ionic, or covalent radii ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pyrex: Encyclopedia Ii - Pyrex - Properties
The boron gives borosilicate glass a reduced thermal expansion coefficient (about one-third that of ordinary glass), making it more resis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Doping Semiconductor: Encyclopedia Ii - Doping Semiconductor - Dopant Elements
Doping semiconductor - Group IV semiconductors. For the group IV semiconductors such as silicon, germanium, and silicon carbide, the mo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Holy Grail: Encyclopedia Ii - Holy Grail - Origins Of The Grail
Holy Grail - The Grail. The Grail plays a different role everywhere it appears, but in most versions of the legend the hero must prove ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydride: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydride - Covalent Hydrides
As the name suggests, the hydrogen is covalently bonded to more electronegative p-block (boron, aluminium and Group 4-7) elements and ber...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Liaoning: Encyclopedia Ii - Liaoning - Economy
Main agricultural products of Liaoning include maize, Chinese sorghum and soybeans. The region around Dalian produces 3/4 of China's expo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Semiconductor Fabrication: Encyclopedia Ii - Semiconductor Fabrication - Hazardous Materials Note
Many toxic materials are used in the fabrication process. These include: poisonous elemental dopants such as arsenic, boron, antimony an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hydride: Encyclopedia Ii - Hydride - Covalent Hydrides
As the name suggests, the hydrogen is covalently bonded to more electropositive p-block (boron, aluminium and Group 4-7) elements and ber...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ferromagnetism: Encyclopedia Ii - Ferromagnetism - Unusual Ferromagnetism
In 2004, it was reported that a certain allotrope of carbon, nanofoam, exhibited ferromagnetism. The effect dissipates after a few hours ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Discoveries Of The Chemical Elements: Encyclopedia Ii - Discoveries Of The Chemical Elements - The Periodic Table And The Prediction Of New Elements
In 1871, Mendeleev predicted, from the gaps in his newly-devised periodic table, that there should be three as yet undiscovered elements,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ion Implantation: Encyclopedia Ii - Ion Implantation - Application In Semiconductor Device Fabrication
Ion implantation - Doping. The introduction of dopants in a semiconductor is the most common application of ion implantation. Dopant io...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ruthenium: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruthenium - Organometallic Chemistry
It is quite easy to form compounds with carbon ruthenium bonds, these compounds tend to be darker and react more quickly than the osmium ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ion Implantation: Encyclopedia Ii - Ion Implantation - Hazardous Materials Note
In the ion implantation semiconductor fabrication process of wafers, it is important for the workers to minimize their exposure to the to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Suzuki Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Suzuki Reaction - Reaction Mechanism
The mechanism of the Suzuki reaction is best viewed from the perspective of the Palladium catalyst. The first step is the oxidative addit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Material Properties Of Diamond: Encyclopedia Ii - Material Properties Of Diamond - Thermal Properties
Unlike most electrical insulators, diamond is a good conductor of heat because of the strong covalent bonding within the crystal. Most na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Synthetic Diamond: Encyclopedia Ii - Synthetic Diamond - Synthetic Diamond Types
Synthetic diamond - HPHT diamond grit. Grit are single crystal diamond particles that range from approximately 1 millimeter down to 1 Î...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Excalibur: Encyclopedia Ii - Excalibur - Excalibur And The Sword In The Stone
In surviving accounts of Arthur, there are two originally separate legends about his sword's origin. The first is the "Sword in the Stone...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phosphorus Tribromide: Encyclopedia Ii - Phosphorus Tribromide - Chemical Properties
Phosphorus tribromide, like PCl3 and PF3, has both properties of a Lewis base and a Lewis acid. For example, with a Lewis acid such as bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Letters Used In Mathematics And Science: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Letters Used In Mathematics And Science - Latin
Ã… - Ã…ngström, A - Ampere, Area, a Blood type, a Spectral type, Vector potential, Work, B - B meson, a Blood type, Boron, Luminance, Ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Squash Sport: Encyclopedia Ii - Squash Sport - Playing Equipment
'Standard' rackets are governed by the rules of the game. Traditionally they were made of laminated timber, with a small strung area usin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - King Arthur: Encyclopedia Ii - King Arthur - Arthur's Swords
In Robert de Boron's Merlin, later followed by Thomas Malory, Arthur obtained the throne by pulling a sword from a stone and anvil. In th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Matter Of Britain: Encyclopedia Ii - Matter Of Britain - Noteworthy Authors
Matter of Britain - Medieval. Béroul Chrétien de Troyes Geoffrey of Monmouth Hartmann von Aue Layamon Sir Thomas Malory Marie de Fra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fisher King: Encyclopedia Ii - Fisher King - Later Medieval Works
The Fisher King's next development occurs in Robert de Boron's Joseph d'Arimathe, the first work to connect the Grail with Jesus. Here, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - King Arthur: Encyclopedia Ii - King Arthur - Arthur's Swords
In Robert de Boron's Merlin, later followed by Thomas Malory, Arthur obtained the throne by pulling a sword from a stone and anvil. In th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fisher King: Encyclopedia Ii - Fisher King - Later Medieval Works
The Fisher King's next development occurs in Robert de Boron's Joseph d'Arimathie, the first work to connect the Grail with Jesus. Here, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aldol Reaction: Encyclopedia Ii - Aldol Reaction - Stereoselectivity
Aldol reaction - E vs. Z enolates. There is no significant difference between the level of stereoinduction observed with E and Z enolat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Isotopes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Isotopes - Elements 61-75
List of isotopes - Promethium. Main article Isotopes of promethium List of isotopes - Samarium. Main article Isotopes of samarium Li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Isotopes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Isotopes - Elements 76-90
List of isotopes - Osmium. Main article Isotopes of osmium List of isotopes - Iridium. Main article Isotopes of iridium List of isot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Isotopes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Isotopes - Elements 16-30
List of isotopes - Sulfur. Main article Isotopes of sulfur List of isotopes - Chlorine. Main article Isotopes of chlorine List of is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Isotopes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Isotopes - Elements 31-45
List of isotopes - Gallium. Main article Isotopes of gallium List of isotopes - Germanium. Main article Isotopes of germanium List o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ether: Encyclopedia - Ether
Ether is the general name for a class of chemical compounds which contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two (substituted...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Glass: Encyclopedia - Glass
The materials definition of a glass is a uniform amorphous solid material, usually produced when a suitably viscous molten material cools...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phonograph: Encyclopedia - Phonograph
The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing recorded sound from the 1870s through the 1980s. Phonograph - Termi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fission: Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fission
Nuclear fission (in nuclear physics, simply fission) is a process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diamond: Encyclopedia - Diamond
Diamond is one of the two best known forms (or allotropes) of carbon, whose hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for indu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 5 Number: Encyclopedia - 5 Number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >> List of numbers -- Integers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 >> quinque-/quinqu-/quint- (from Latin) 5 (fi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin
The hypothesis of abiogenic petroleum origin (synonyms: abiotic, abyssal, endogenous, inorganic, juvenile, mineral, primordial) holds tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - B: Encyclopedia - B
The letter B is the second letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is bee. B - History. The letter B probably started a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bacteria: Encyclopedia - Bacteria
Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deino...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spirulina: Encyclopedia - Spirulina
Spirulina corakiana Spirulina crispum Spirulina labyrinthiformis Spirulina laxa Spirulina laxissima Spirulina major Spirulina meneghinian...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Impurity: Encyclopedia - Impurity
Impurities are substances inside a confined amount of liquid, gas, or solid, which differ from the chemical composition of the material o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baleen: Encyclopedia Ii - Baleen - Evolution Of Baleen
The oldest true fossils of baleen are only 15 million years old, but baleen rarely fossilizes, and scientists believe it originated consi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 5 Number: Encyclopedia Ii - 5 Number - In Mathematics
Five is the third smallest prime number, after 2 and 3, and before 7. Because it can be written as 2^(2^1)+1, five is classified as a Fer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Ambiguous Results
- Ongoing research has changed the status of some information. For example, the evidence of some biomarkers which were interpreted as sup...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Evidence Supporting Biogenic Theory
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Unusual deposits. While it is true that some oil fields do not conform to the standard model of a fixed am...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Petroleum Origin, Peak Oil, And Politics
Many aspects of the abiogenic theory were developed in the former Soviet Union by Russian and Ukrainian scientists during the Cold War. S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Methane On Earth
Methane is typically found on Earth, when not in natural gas deposits, in methane hydrate deposits under high pressure under the deep aby...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Evidence Supporting Abiogenic Theory
Abiogenic petroleum origin - Supergiant oil fields. Russian geologist Nikolai Kudryavtsev was also a prominent and forceful advocate of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin: Encyclopedia Ii - Abiogenic Petroleum Origin - Comparison Of Theories
There are two theories about the origin of carbon fuels: the biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory. These theories have been intensely...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Biochemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Biochemistry - Silicon Biochemistry
The most common other proposed basis is silicon, since silicon has many similar chemical properties to carbon. Silicon has a number of ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Biochemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Biochemistry - Nitrogen/phosphorus Biochemistry
Nitrogen and phosphorus also offer possibilities as the basis for biochemical molecules. Phosphorus can form long chain molecules on its ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fission: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fission - Physical Overview
Nuclear fission differs from other forms of radioactive decay in that it can be harnessed and controlled via a chain reaction: free neutr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 5 Number: Encyclopedia Ii - 5 Number - The Arabic Glyph
The evolution of our modern glyph for five cannot be neatly traced back to the Brahmin Indians quite the same way it can for 1 to 4. Lat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 5 Number: Encyclopedia Ii - 5 Number - In Science
5 number - In astronomy. Messier object M5, a magnitude 7.0 globular cluster in the constellation Serpens. The New General Catalogue o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Fission: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Fission - History
The results of the bombardment of uranium by neutrons had proved interesting and puzzling. First studied by Enrico Fermi and his colleagu...   » Read the article