Between 780–82 and 1802 the Archbishop of Mainz was an influential ecclesiastic and secular prince in the Holy Roman Empire. His see was established in ancient Roman times, in the city of Mainz, which had been a Roman provincial capital called Moguntiacum, but the office really came to prominence upon its elevation to an archdiocese in 780/82. The first bishops before the 4th century have legendary names, beginning with Crescens. The first verifiable Bishop of Mainz was Mar(t)inus in 343. The ecclesiastical and secular importance of ...

Including:

• Archbishopric of Mainz - Bishops of Moguntiacum 80-745
• Archbishopric of Mainz - Archbishops of Mainz 745-1251
• Archbishopric of Mainz - Archbishops-Electors of Mainz 1251-1803

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Saint Boniface (Latin: Bonifacius)(German: Bonifatius), (c. 672 - June 5, 754), the Apostle of the Germans, born Winfrid or Wynfrith at Crediton in Devon, England, was a missionary who propagated Christianity in the Frankish Empire during the 8th century. Saint Boniface - Early Life. Born at Crediton, Devon . He was of good family, and it was somewhat against his father's wishes that he devoted himself at an early age to the monastic life. He received his theological training in the Ben ...

Including:

• Saint Boniface - Early Life
• Saint Boniface - First Mission to Frisia
• Saint Boniface - Thor's Oak and the Conversion of the Northern German Tribes
• Saint Boniface - Boniface and the Carolingians
• Saint Boniface - Last Mission to Frisia
• Saint Boniface - Trivia

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Carthage (from the Phoenician Qart-Hadasht "New City" (written without vowels as QRT HDŠT قرت-حدش or קרת חדשת), was an ancient city in North Africa located on the eastern side of Lake Tunis, across from the center of modern Tunis in Tunisia. It remains a popular tourist attraction. Carthage - Founding of Carthage. In approximately 814 BC, Carthage was founded by Phoenician settlers from the city of Tyre, bringing with them the city-god Melqart. Traditionally, the city was founded ...

Including:

• Carthage - Founding of Carthage
• Carthage - Life in Carthage
• Carthage - Carthaginian Commerce
• Carthage - Carthaginian Government
• Carthage - Carthaginian Religious Practices
• Carthage - Conflict with the Greeks and Romans
• Carthage - First Sicilian War
• Carthage - Second Sicilian War
• Carthage - Third Sicilian War
• Carthage - Pyrrhus of Epirus
• Carthage - The Messanan Crisis
• Carthage - The Punic Wars
• Carthage - Roman Carthage
• Carthage - Carthage in fiction

Read more here: » Carthage: Encyclopedia - Carthage

Cotton Mather (February 12, 1663 – February 13, 1728). B.A. 1678 (Harvard College), M.A. 1681; honorary doctorate 1710 (University of Glasgow), was a socially and politically-influential "Puritan" minister, prolific author, and pamphleteer. Cotton Mather was the son of influential minister Increase Mather. Mather attended Boston Latin School, and graduated from Harvard in 1678, at only 15 years of age. After completing his post-graduate work, he joined his father as assistant Pastor of Boston's original North Church (not to b ...

Including:

• Cotton Mather - Mather's Major Works By Date
• Cotton Mather - Fiction

Read more here: » Cotton Mather: Encyclopedia - Cotton Mather

Wieringen (population: 8,451 in 2004) is a municipality consisting of the former island of Wieringen in the northwest of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. There are plans to make Wieringen an island again by widening the Amsteldiepkanaal into a lake called the Wieringerrandmeer. The municipality covers an area of 212.50 km² (of which 185.73 km² is water) and includes these towns, villages and townships: Dam, De Haukes, De Hoelm, Den Oever, Hippolytushoef, Hollebalg, Noordburen, Oosterklief, Oosterland, Smerp, ...

Including:

• Wieringen - History

Read more here: » Wieringen: Encyclopedia - Wieringen

Winfrid again set out in 718, visited Rome, and was commissioned in 719 by Pope Gregory II, who gave him his new name of Boniface, to evangelize in Germany and reorganize the church there. For five years he laboured in Hesse, Thuringia and Frisia, and on November 30, 722, he was elevated to bishop of the German territories he would bring into the fold of the Roman Church. In 723, Boniface felled the holy oak tree dedicated to Thor near the present-day town of Fritzlar in northern Hesse. He built a chapel from its wood at the site wher ...

See also:

Saint Boniface, Saint Boniface - Early Life, Saint Boniface - First Mission to Frisia, Saint Boniface - Thor's Oak and the Conversion of the Northern German Tribes, Saint Boniface - Boniface and the Carolingians, Saint Boniface - Last Mission to Frisia, Saint Boniface - Trivia

Read more here: » Saint Boniface: Encyclopedia II - Saint Boniface - Thor's Oak and the Conversion of the Northern German Tribes

In the early days of the Roman Republic, patricians formed a hereditary ruling group within the state. The patricians claimed to be able to trace their family to the original populous of Rome before the reign of Ancus Marcius and strong ties to the earliest members of Roman Senate. All magistracies were off-limits to non-patricians, who were known as plebeians. Patrician status was inherited, and intermarriage between patricians and plebeians was forbidden. Trade between ...

See also:

Patrician, Patrician - Patrician caste, Patrician - Patrician position, Patrician - List of Patricii, Patrician - Modern usage, Patrician - Use in fiction

Read more here: » Patrician: Encyclopedia II - Patrician - Patrician caste

Carthage - First Sicilian War. Carthage's success led to the creation of a powerful navy to discourage both pirates and rival nations. This, coupled with its success and growing hegemony, brought Carthage into increasing conflict with the Greeks, the other major power contending for control of the central Mediterranean. The island of Sicily, lying at Carthage's doorstep, became the arena on which this conflict played out. From their earliest days, both the Greeks and Phoenicians had been attracted to the l ...

See also:

Carthage, Carthage - Founding of Carthage, Carthage - Life in Carthage, Carthage - Carthaginian Commerce, Carthage - Carthaginian Government, Carthage - Carthaginian Religious Practices, Carthage - Conflict with the Greeks and Romans, Carthage - First Sicilian War, Carthage - Second Sicilian War, Carthage - Third Sicilian War, Carthage - Pyrrhus of Epirus, Carthage - The Messanan Crisis, Carthage - The Punic Wars, Carthage - Roman Carthage, Carthage - Carthage in fiction

Read more here: » Carthage: Encyclopedia II - Carthage - Conflict with the Greeks and Romans

In approximately 814 BC, Carthage was founded by Phoenician settlers from the city of Tyre, bringing with them the city-god Melqart. Traditionally, the city was founded by Dido (or Elissa) (Dido fled from Tyre after her younger brother killed her husband to become the ruler), and a number of foundation myths have survived through Greek and Roman literature. (See Byrsa for one example.) In 509 BC a treaty was signed between Carthage and Rome indicating a division of influence and commercial activities. It is the first known source that indicated Cart ...

See also:

Carthage, Carthage - Founding of Carthage, Carthage - Life in Carthage, Carthage - Carthaginian Commerce, Carthage - Carthaginian Government, Carthage - Carthaginian Religious Practices, Carthage - Conflict with the Greeks and Romans, Carthage - First Sicilian War, Carthage - Second Sicilian War, Carthage - Third Sicilian War, Carthage - Pyrrhus of Epirus, Carthage - The Messanan Crisis, Carthage - The Punic Wars, Carthage - Roman Carthage, Carthage - Carthage in fiction

Read more here: » Carthage: Encyclopedia II - Carthage - Founding of Carthage

In the satirical fantasy series Discworld by British author Terry Pratchett, the city of Ankh-Morpork is run by a Presidential like figure akin to the old roman nobility. The ruler rules under the title of Patrician but is in all respects simply a tyrant. In the City Watch (see Guards! Guards!) series of novels the Patrician is named Havelock Vetinari and though he often puts up a democratic facade he is to all intents and purposes a ...

See also:

Patrician, Patrician - Patrician caste, Patrician - Patrician position, Patrician - List of Patricii, Patrician - Modern usage, Patrician - Use in fiction

Read more here: » Patrician: Encyclopedia II - Patrician - Use in fiction

The support of the Frankish Mayors of the Palace (maior domos) and later, the early Pippinid and Carolingian rulers, was important to Boniface's program of forcible conversion. The Christian Frankish leaders desired to defeat their rival power, the Heathen Saxons, and to take the Saxon lands for their growing empire. Boniface's destruction of the indigenous Germanic faith and holy sites was an important part of the Frankish campaign. Boniface balanced this support and attempted to maintain some independence, however, by attaining the ...

See also:

Saint Boniface, Saint Boniface - Early Life, Saint Boniface - First Mission to Frisia, Saint Boniface - Thor's Oak and the Conversion of the Northern German Tribes, Saint Boniface - Boniface and the Carolingians, Saint Boniface - Last Mission to Frisia, Saint Boniface - Trivia

Read more here: » Saint Boniface: Encyclopedia II - Saint Boniface - Boniface and the Carolingians

In approximately 814 BC, Carthage was founded by Phoenician settlers from the city of Tyre, bringing with them the city-god Melqart. Traditionally, the city was founded by Dido, and a number of foundation myths have survived through Greek and Roman literature. (See Byrsa for one example.) Carthage's early years were defined by a long rivalry between the maritime and landholding families. In general, due to the city's dependence on maritime trade, the maritime faction controlled the government, and during the 6th century BC, Carthage b ...

See also:

Carthage, Carthage - Founding of Carthage, Carthage - Life in Carthage, Carthage - Carthaginian Commerce, Carthage - Carthaginian Government, Carthage - Carthaginian Religious Practices, Carthage - Conflict with the Greeks and Romans, Carthage - First Sicilian War, Carthage - Second Sicilian War, Carthage - Third Sicilian War, Carthage - Pyrrhus of Epirus, Carthage - The Messanan Crisis, Carthage - The Punic Wars, Carthage - Roman Carthage, Carthage - Carthage in fiction

Read more here: » Carthage: Encyclopedia II - Carthage - Founding of Carthage

Carthage - Carthaginian Commerce. The early trading empire of Carthage depended heavily on its trade with Tartessos and other cities of the Iberian peninsula, from which it obtained vast quantities of silver and, even more importantly, tin ore, which was essential to the manufacture of bronze objects by the civilizations of antiquity. Carthage followed trade routes already established by her parent city, Tyre. When Tartessos fell, the Carthaginian ships went directly to the primary sources of tin in the northwest ...

See also:

Carthage, Carthage - Founding of Carthage, Carthage - Life in Carthage, Carthage - Carthaginian Commerce, Carthage - Carthaginian Government, Carthage - Carthaginian Religious Practices, Carthage - Conflict with the Greeks and Romans, Carthage - First Sicilian War, Carthage - Second Sicilian War, Carthage - Third Sicilian War, Carthage - Pyrrhus of Epirus, Carthage - The Messanan Crisis, Carthage - The Punic Wars, Carthage - Roman Carthage, Carthage - Carthage in fiction

Read more here: » Carthage: Encyclopedia II - Carthage - Life in Carthage

The site was too well-chosen to let it go to waste, however, and a new city grew up there, eventually becoming the second largest city in the western half of the Roman empire. By the late 2nd century, Carthage was the center of the Roman province of Africa, with a population of 500,000 people. It briefly became the capital of an usurper, Domitius Alexander, in 308-311. Carthage also became a centre of early Christianity. Tertullian rhetorically addresses the Roman governor with the fact that the Christians of Carthage that just yester ...

See also:

Carthage, Carthage - Founding of Carthage, Carthage - Life in Carthage, Carthage - Carthaginian Commerce, Carthage - Carthaginian Government, Carthage - Carthaginian Religious Practices, Carthage - Conflict with the Greeks and Romans, Carthage - First Sicilian War, Carthage - Second Sicilian War, Carthage - Third Sicilian War, Carthage - Pyrrhus of Epirus, Carthage - The Messanan Crisis, Carthage - The Punic Wars, Carthage - Roman Carthage, Carthage - Carthage in fiction

Read more here: » Carthage: Encyclopedia II - Carthage - Roman Carthage

Under the Roman Empire, patrician status as it had been understood in the Republic ceased to have meaning in everyday life. The emperor Constantine reintroduced the term; Patrician (Patricius) became an honorific title for those who demonstrated faithful service to the Empire. There were generally only a few patricians in the Empire at any given time, and sometimes only one. By the fifth century in the West, the title generally denoted a man who held the power behind the imperial throne, usually a general of the Roman army. Pat ...

See also:

Patrician, Patrician - Patrician caste, Patrician - Patrician position, Patrician - List of Patricii, Patrician - Modern usage, Patrician - Use in fiction

Read more here: » Patrician: Encyclopedia II - Patrician - Patrician position