Bone, also called osseous tissue, (Latin: "os") is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bones support body structures, protect internal organs, and (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; are also involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage. The bones of an animal are, collectively, known as the skeleton. Bone has a different composition than cartilage, and both are derived from mesoderm. In common parlance, cartilage can also be called "bone", cert ...

Including:

• Bone - Functions
• Bone - Post-mortem functions
• Bone - Structure
• Bone - Cells
• Bone - Matrix
• Bone - Formation
• Bone - Bone pathologies
• Bone - Terminology

Read more here: » Bone: Encyclopedia - Bone

See also:

Bone, Bone - Functions, Bone - Post-mortem functions, Bone - Structure, Bone - Cells, Bone - Matrix, Bone - Formation, Bone - Bone pathologies, Bone - Terminology

Read more here: » Bone: Encyclopedia II - Bone - Bone pathologies

Long bones can be connected to muscles via tendons. Bones connect at joints by ligaments. The interaction between bone and muscle is studied in biomechanics. Bone - Post-mortem functions. Cut and polished bone from a variety of animals is sometimes used as material for jewelry and other crafts. Ground cattle bone is sometimes used as fertilizer. In the Stone Age bone was used to manufacture ...

See also:

Bone, Bone - Functions, Bone - Post-mortem functions, Bone - Structure, Bone - Cells, Bone - Matrix, Bone - Formation, Bone - Bone pathologies, Bone - Terminology

Read more here: » Bone: Encyclopedia II - Bone - Functions

The zygomatic bone (also known as the zygoma; Os Zygomaticum; Malar Bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It forms part of the orbit and is commonly referred to as the cheekbone. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face: it forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae [Fig. 1]. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; ...

Including:

• Zygomatic bone - Surfaces
• Zygomatic bone - Processes
• Zygomatic bone - Borders
• Zygomatic bone - Ossification
• Zygomatic bone - Articulations

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The cuboid bone is one of seven Tarsal bones. Distally, the Cuboid articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals, forming the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal joints. Proximally, it articulates with the calcaneus, forming the calcaneocuboid joint. The medial surface of the bone articulates with both the lateral cuneiform bone and the navicular bone. The inferior surface has a groove on its distal th ...

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The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the navicular and lunate; a constricted portion or neck; and below this, the body. The superior surface is round, smooth, and articulates with the lunate bone. The inferior surface is divided by two ridges into three facets, for articulation with the second, third, and fourth metacarpal bones, that for the third being the largest.< ...

Including:

• Capitate bone - Articulations

Read more here: » Capitate bone: Encyclopedia - Capitate bone

In human anatomy, the carpal bones are the bones of the human wrist. There are eight of them altogether, and they can be thought of as forming two rows of four. Carpal bone - Proximal Row. Scaphoid (or navicular) - this bone, with the lunate, articulates with the radius of the arm. Lunate - articulates with the radius and the capitate. Triquetrum - on the ulnar side of the hand, but does not articulate with the ulna. Pisiform - a se ...

Including:

• Carpal bone - Proximal Row
• Carpal bone - Distal Row

Read more here: » Carpal bone: Encyclopedia - Carpal bone

The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and touches the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomeronasal organ, also called Jacobson's organ, is a chemoreceptor organ named for its closeness to the vomer and nasal bones, and is particularly developed in animals such as cats (who adopt a characteristic pose called the Flehmen reaction or flehming when making use of it), and is thought to have ...

Including:

• Vomer bone - Ossification
• Vomer bone - Articulations

Read more here: » Vomer bone: Encyclopedia - Vomer bone

There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone. The first cuneiform (a.k.a. os cuneiform primum / medial cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal. It articulates with four bones: the navi ...

Read more here: » Cuneiform anatomy: Encyclopedia - Cuneiform anatomy

The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot or the point of an animal's hock. Calcaneus - Human. It articulates with two other tarsal bones, the talus above and the cuboid toward the midfoot. In addition to receiving the weight of the body with each step, the calcaneus is the anchor for the plantar fascia, which supports the arch of the foot. The posterior-most portion of the calcaneus is the calcaneal tuberosity, a large, non-articulating process that is the i ...

Including:

• Calcaneus - Human
• Calcaneus - Horse

Read more here: » Calcaneus: Encyclopedia - Calcaneus

In human anatomy, the clavicle or collar bone is a bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle (pectoral girdle). Clavicle - Overview. It is a doubly-curved long bone that connects the arm (upper limb) to the body (trunk), located directly above the first rib. Medially, it articulates with the breast-bone (sternum) at the sternoclavicular joint. At its lateral end it articulates with the acromion of the shoulder-blade (scapula) at the acromioclavicular joint. It is shorter, thinner, less curved, a ...

Including:

• Clavicle - Overview
• Clavicle - Functions
• Clavicle - Attachments
• Clavicle - Development
• Clavicle - Common Clavicle Injuries
• Clavicle - Note about anatomical position

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A skull, or cranium, is a bony structure of Craniates which serves as the general framework for a head. The skull supports the structures of the face and protects the brain against injury. Skull - Humans. In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 28 bones. Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined together by sutures, rigid articulations permitting very little movement. Eight bones form the neurocranium (braincase), a protective vault of bone surrounding ...

Including:

• Skull - Humans
• Skull - Development of the skull
• Skull - Pathology
• Skull - Craniometry and morphology of human skulls
• Skull - Bones of the human skull
• Skull - Other features of the skull

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The coccyx (Latin: os coccygis), commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column, of three to five (usually four) fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae), below the sacrum. It is attached to the sacrum in a fibrocartilaginous joint, which permits limited movement between them. Coccyx - Function. The coccyx is regarded as vestigial in humans, meaning it no longer serves major functions it did in ancestor species of humans. (Those included suppor ...

Including:

• Coccyx - Function
• Coccyx - Structure
• Coccyx - Surfaces
• Coccyx - Borders
• Coccyx - Base
• Coccyx - Apex
• Coccyx - Pathology

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Vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column (aka spine) — a flexuous and flexible column. There are thirty-three (33) vertebrae in humans, including the five that are fused to form the sacrum (the others are separated by intervertebral discs) and the four coccygeal bones which form the tailbone. The upper three regions comprise the remaining 24, and are grouped under the names cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae) and lumbar (5 v ...

Including:

• Vertebra - General structure
• Vertebra - Cervical vertebrae
• Vertebra - Thoracic vertebrae
• Vertebra - Lumbar vertebrae
• Vertebra - Vertebral Development

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The fibula or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee-joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms ...

Including:

• Fibula - The Upper Extremity or Head
• Fibula - The Body or Shaft
• Fibula - Borders
• Fibula - Surfaces
• Fibula - The Lower Extremity or Lateral Malleolus
• Fibula - Ossification

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Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). It connects to the rib bones via cartilage, forming the rib cage with them, and thus helps to protect the lungs and heart from physical trauma. The sternum is usually cut open (a sternotomy) to gain access to the thoracic contents when performing cardiothoracic surgery. Sternum - Overview. The sternum (Figs. 1 to 3) is an elongated, flattened bone, forming the middle portion of the anterior wall of the thor ...

Including:

• Sternum - Overview
• Sternum - Manubrium
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Borders
• Sternum - Body
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Borders
• Sternum - Xiphoid Process
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Structure
• Sternum - Ossification
• Sternum - Articulations
• Sternum - Fractures of the Sternum

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In anatomy, ribs (Latin costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage. Ribs surround the chest (Latin thorax) of land vertebrates, and protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thoracic cavity. In mammals, one generally thinks of ribs only occurring in the chest. However, fused-on remnants of ribs can be traced in development in neck vertebrae and sacral vertebrae. In reptiles, ribs sometimes occur in all vertebrae from the neck to the sacrum. Fish can have up to four ribs on each vert ...

Including:

• Rib - Types of Ribs
• Rib - Rib Anatomy
• Rib - Typical ribs
• Rib - Atypical ribs
• Rib - Rib Fractures and Associated Injuries
• Rib - Bifid rib bifurcated rib
• Rib - Biblical Legend
• Rib - Notes

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Bone is a relatively hard and lightweight composite material, formed mostly of calcium phosphate in the chemical arrangement termed calcium hydroxyapatite. It has relatively high compressive strength but poor tensile strength. While bone is essentially brittle, it does have a degree of significant elasticity contributed by its organic components (chiefly collagen). Bone has an internal mesh-like structure, the density of w ...

See also:

Bone, Bone - Functions, Bone - Post-mortem functions, Bone - Structure, Bone - Cells, Bone - Matrix, Bone - Formation, Bone - Bone pathologies, Bone - Terminology

Read more here: » Bone: Encyclopedia II - Bone - Structure

The formation of bone occurs by two methods: intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification mainly occurs during formation of the flat bones of the skull; the bone is formed from mesenchyme tissue. Endochondral ossification occurs in long bones, such as limbs; the bone is formed from cartilage. Endochondral ossification begins with points in the cartilage called "primary ossification centers." They mostly appear during fetal development, though a few short bones begin their primary ossification after birth ...

See also:

Bone, Bone - Functions, Bone - Post-mortem functions, Bone - Structure, Bone - Cells, Bone - Matrix, Bone - Formation, Bone - Bone pathologies, Bone - Terminology

Read more here: » Bone: Encyclopedia II - Bone - Formation

The formation of bone occurs by two methods: intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification mainly occurs during formation of the flat bones of the skull; the bone is formed from mesenchyme tissue. Endochondral ossification occurs in long bones, such as limbs; the bone is formed from cartilage. Endochondral ossification begins with points in the cartilage called "primary ossification centers." They mostly appear during fetal development, though a few short bones begin their pri ...

See also:

Bone, Bone - Functions, Bone - Post-mortem functions, Bone - Structure, Bone - Cells, Bone - Matrix, Bone - Formation, Bone - Bone pathologies, Bone - Terminology

Read more here: » Bone: Encyclopedia II - Bone - Formation