Bologna

Cesare Emiliani (8 December 1922, Bologna, Italy - 20 July 1995, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, USA) is considered one of the greatest geologists and micropaleontologists of the 20th century and the founder of paleoceanography. He established that the ice ages of the last half million years or so are a cyclic phenomena, which gave strong support to the hypothesis of Milankovitch and revolutionized ideas about the history of the oceans and of the glaciations. He was also the proponent of Project "LOCO" (for Long Cores) to the U.S. ...

Including:

• Cesare Emiliani - Biography
• Cesare Emiliani - Academic Life
• Cesare Emiliani - Comments about Cesare Emiliani
• Cesare Emiliani - Popular works by Cesare Emiliani
• Cesare Emiliani - Prominent works by Cesare Emiliani

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The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, called the Church of the Resurrection (Anastasis in Greek and Սուրբ Հարություն Surp Harutyun in Armenian) by Eastern Christians, is a Christian church now within the walled Old City of Jerusalem. The ground on which the church rests is venerated by most Christians as Golgotha, the Hill of Calvary, where the New Testament describes that Jesus was crucified. It also is said to contain the place where Jesus was reportedly buried (the sepulchre). The church has been an ...

Including:

• Church of the Holy Sepulchre - History
• Church of the Holy Sepulchre - Modern arrangement of the church
• Church of the Holy Sepulchre - Authenticity

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William Turner (c. 1508 - 7 July 1568) was a British ornithologist and botanist. He is sometimes called "the father of English botany" and the first ornithologist in the modern scientific spirit. William Turner was born in Morpeth, Northumberland in or around 1508. His father was probably a tanner of the same name. He studied at Cambridge University, Pembroke Hall, from 1526-1533, where he received his B.A. in 1530 and his M.A. in 1533. He was a Fellow and Senior Treasurer of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. While at Cambridge ...

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The Villanovan culture was the earliest Iron Age culture of central and northern Italy, abruptly following the Bronze Age Terramare culture and giving way in the 7th century to an increasingly Orientalizing culture influenced by Greek traders, which was followed without a severe break by the Etruscan civilization. Villanovan cultural origins, but perhaps not all its peoples, lay in the Eastern Alps, with connections to the Halstatt culture. The Villanovans introduced iron-working to the Italian peninsula; they practiced cremation and buried the ashes of the ...

Including:

• Villanovan culture - Sources and further reading

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William of Tyre (c. 1130 - 1185) was archbishop of Tyre and an historian of the Crusades and the Middle Ages. William of Tyre - Early life. William was born in Jerusalem around 1130, one of the second generation of children born to the children of the original European Crusaders in the new Kingdom of Jerusalem. His parents were probably French or Italian in origin, possibly Normans from Sicily. He had a brother named Ralph who was probably a merchant in the kingdom, and the family was certainly non-noble. A ...

Including:

• William of Tyre - Early life
• William of Tyre - Religious and political life in Jerusalem
• William of Tyre - Works
• William of Tyre - Sources

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The viol or viola da gamba is a family of musical instruments and is related to and descending from the vihuela and rebec. Viol - History. It is thought that vihuelists began playing their instruments with a bow in the 15th century. This eventually led to the evolution of an entirely new instrument, which had many of the features of the vihuela: flat back, frets and arched bridge (hence its Spanish name vihuela de arco), but was bowed rather than plucked. This new instrument began to be held u ...

Including:

• Viol - History
• Viol - Construction
• Viol - Viol bows
• Viol - Versions
• Viol - Tuning
• Viol - Popularity
• Viol - The viol today

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791) is among the most significant and enduringly popular composers of European classical music and is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in world history, if not the greatest. His enormous output includes works that are widely acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music. Many of his works are part of the standard concert repertory and are widely recognized as masterpieces of the classical style. Wolfgang Amade ...

Including:

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Life
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Family and early childhood years
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - The years of travel
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Mozart in Vienna
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Mozart and Prague
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Final illness and death
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Works musical style and innovations
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Influence
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - The Köchel catalogue
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Myths and controversies
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Media

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Urban, city, or town planning, deals with the physical, social and economic development of metropolitan regions, municipalities and neighborhoods. Other professions deal in more detail with a smaller scale of development, namely architecture, landscape architecture and urban design. Regional planning deals with a still larger environment, at a less detailed level. The Greek Hippodamus is often considered the father of city planning, for his design of Miletus, though examples of planned cities permeate antiquity. Muslims are tho ...

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• Urban planning - History
• Urban planning - Planning and aesthetics
• Urban planning - Planning and safety
• Urban planning - Planning and transport
• Urban planning - Planning and suburbanization
• Urban planning - Planning and the environment

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Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria Stuart (December 31, 1720 – January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, commonly known as "Bonnie Prince Charlie". Charles was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart who was in turn the son of King James II of England, Scotland and Ireland, who had been deposed in 1688. The Jacobite movement tried to restore the family to the throne. Charles's mother was James's Polish-born wife, Maria Clementina Sobieska (1702–1735). After hi ...

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The Cisalpine Republic (Italian: Repubblica Cisalpina) was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1797 to 1802. After the Battle of Lodi, in May 1796, the French general Napoleon Bonaparte proceeded to organize two states—one on the south of the Po River, the Cispadane Republic, and one on the north, the Transpadane Republic. These two along with the province of Novara were merged into the Cisalpine Republic on June 29, 1797, with capital Milan. Austria acknowledged the new entity in the Tre ...

Including:

• Cisalpine Republic - Extension
• Cisalpine Republic - Relationships with Switzerland
• Cisalpine Republic - Institutional form
• Cisalpine Republic - The treaty of Alliance
• Cisalpine Republic - The second Republic
• Cisalpine Republic - Dates of Directories

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Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. The Etruscan civilization flourished in Etruria and the Po valley in the northern part of what is now Italy, prior to the arrival of Gauls in the Po valley and the formation of the Roman Republic. Etruscan culture developed in northern and central Italy after ca 800 BC without a serious break out of the preceding Villanovan culture. The Villanovan culture, the earliest ...

Including:

• Etruscan civilization - Language
• Etruscan civilization - Collapse of Etruscan politics
• Etruscan civilization - Influence
• Etruscan civilization - Some Etruscan cities
• Etruscan civilization - Some Etruscan rulers
• Etruscan civilization - Bibliography

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Edgardo Mortara (August 27, 1851–March 11, 1940), a Jewish-born Italian Catholic priest, became the centre of an international controversy when, as a six-year-old boy, he was seized from his Jewish parents by the Papal authorities and taken to be raised as a Catholic. The Mortara case was the catalyst for far-reaching political changes, and its repercussions are still being felt within the Catholic Church and in relations between the Church and Jewish organisations. Edgardo Mortara - The Mortara case. On ...

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• Edgardo Mortara - The Mortara case
• Edgardo Mortara - Pius IX and the Jews

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The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the major historical states of Italy before the boot-shaped peninsula was unified under the Piedmontese crown of Savoy (later a republic). The Papal States comprised those territories over which the Pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense before 1870. This governing power is commonly called the temporal power of the Pope, as opposed to his (unique and more essential) ecclestiastical primacy. The plural is u ...

Including:

• Papal States - Origins
• Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire
• Papal States - The Renaissance
• Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon
• Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States
• Papal States - Institutions

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Raphael or Raffaello (Urbino, Italy, April 6, 1483–Rome, April 6, 1520) was a master painter and architect of the Florentine school in the Italian High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and softness of his paintings. He was also called Raffaello Sanzio, Raffaello Santi, Raffaello de Urbino or Rafael Sanzio de Urbino. Raphael - Biography. Raphael was born the son of Giovanni Santi and Màgia di Battista Ciarla, who died in 1491. His father was a poet and a painter for the cour ...

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• Raphael - Biography
• Raphael - Dates of birth and death
• Raphael - Critical assessment and legacy
• Raphael - Other works
• Raphael - Chronology of main works

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898 - Events. Accession of Pope John IX Accession of King Kasyapa IV of Sri Lanka Magyar army headed by Álmos besieges Kiev Magyar tribes found state of Szekesfahervar in Hungary Bologna joins Italian Kingdom End of Yodit era in Ethiopia Foundation of Bhaktapur in Nepal 898 - Births. 898 - Deaths. Category: 898 ...

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• 898 - Events
• 898 - Births
• 898 - Deaths

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On August 2, 1980 at 10.25 am, an improvised explosive device (IED) made with 20 kilograms of a TNT mixture, detonated inside Bologna's main train station. The IED was contained in a suitcase, which was placed near the wall inside a waiting lobby. The explosion killed 85 people and injured more than 200. The wing of the station in which the bomb detonated has been reconstructed but, as a testimony to the victims of the attack, the original pavement was maintained as well as a deep crack in the main wall. Moreover, the station main clock is f ...

See also:

Bologna Central Station, Bologna Central Station - History, Bologna Central Station - Terrorism

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1402 - Events. June 26 - Battle of Casalecchio - Gian Galeazzo Visconti, the Duke of Milan, crushes the forces of Bologna, but he dies later that year. September 14 - Battle of Homildon Hill. Northern English nobles led by Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy, defeat a Scottish raiding army under the Earl of Douglas Battle of Angora - Tamerlane defeats the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I, who is captured. Mehmed I succeeds Bayezid as Sultan. 1402 - Births. No ...

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• 1402 - Events
• 1402 - Births
• 1402 - Deaths

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Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (February 24, 1463 – November 17, 1494) was an Italian Renaissance humanist philosopher and scholar. Most famous for the events of 1486, when at the age of twenty-three, he proposed to defend 900 theses on religion, philosophy, natural philosophy and magic against all comers, for which he wrote the famous Oration on the Dignity of Man which has been called the "Manife ...

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• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola - Biography
• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola - Writings

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List of asteroids named after places - Czech Republic. 290 Brunna (Latin name for Brno) 371 Bohemia (Bohemia) 1901 Moravia (Moravia) 1942 Jablunka (Jablunka) 2080 Jihlava (Jihlava) 2081 Sázava (Sázava River) 2123 Vltava (Vltava River) 2199 Kleť (Kleť, a hill) 2321 Lužnice (Lužnice River) 2337 Boubín (Boubín, a hill) 2367 Praha (Prague) 2390 Nežárka (Nežárka River) 2403 Šumava (Šumava)See also:

List of asteroids named after places, List of asteroids named after places - Africa, List of asteroids named after places - Countries of Africa, List of asteroids named after places - Cities of Africa, List of asteroids named after places - Asia, List of asteroids named after places - Japan, List of asteroids named after places - China, List of asteroids named after places - Russia and the former Soviet Union Asia, List of asteroids named after places - Europe, List of asteroids named after places - Czech Republic, List of asteroids named after places - Eastern Europe, List of asteroids named after places - Finland, List of asteroids named after places - France, List of asteroids named after places - Germany, List of asteroids named after places - Italy, List of asteroids named after places - Greece, List of asteroids named after places - The Low Countries, List of asteroids named after places - Russia and the former Soviet Union Europe, List of asteroids named after places - Scandinavia, List of asteroids named after places - Slovakia, List of asteroids named after places - Spain, List of asteroids named after places - Turkey, List of asteroids named after places - United Kingdom, List of asteroids named after places - North America, List of asteroids named after places - Canada, List of asteroids named after places - USA, List of asteroids named after places - Oceania, List of asteroids named after places - Polar regions, List of asteroids named after places - South and Central America, List of asteroids named after places - Fictional places

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List of stadiums - Algeria. Stade 5 Julliet 1962, Algiers Stade 19 Mai 1956, Annaba Stade 24 Fevrier 1956, Sidi Bel Abbes Stade Ahmed Zabana, Oran List of stadiums - Angola. Estádio da Cidadela, Luanda Estádio Municipal de Benguela, Benguela Estádio Joaquim Dinis, Luanda List of stadiums - Benin. Stade de l'Amitié, Cotonou List of stadiums - Botswana.

Born to Antonio Albinoni (1634–1709), a wealthy paper merchant and nobleman in Venice, he studied violin and singing. Relatively little is known about his life, especially considering his contemporary stature as a composer, and the comparatively well-documented period in which he lived. In 1694 he dedicated his Opus 1 to the fellow-Venetian Pietro, Cardinal Ottoboni (grand-nephew of Pope Alexander VIII); Ottoboni was an important patron in Rome of other composers, such as Arcangelo Corelli. Albinoni was employed in 1700 as a violinist to t ...

See also:

Tomaso Albinoni, Tomaso Albinoni - Life, Tomaso Albinoni - Music and influence, Tomaso Albinoni - Published Works, Tomaso Albinoni - Contemporary performances and popular culture use

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There are some common types of city nicknames. List of city nicknames - Agricultural or Industrial Capitals. Many cities have nicknames which claim that the international or, less commonly, the national or regional capital of a particular industry, hobby or other phenomenon, especially the agricultural production of a certain plant. These include: Almond Capital of the World - Sacramento, California, Chico, California, both in the USA Apple Capital of the World - Wenatch ...

See also:

List of city nicknames, List of city nicknames - Patterns, List of city nicknames - Agricultural or Industrial Capitals, List of city nicknames - Self-proclaimed Capitals of the World, List of city nicknames - Birthplace, List of city nicknames - Comparative nicknames, List of city nicknames - 'Venice of ...', List of city nicknames - Folk heroes, List of city nicknames - Paradises, List of city nicknames - Complete list, List of city nicknames - Cities in Argentina, List of city nicknames - Cities in Australia, List of city nicknames - Cities in Belgium, List of city nicknames - Cities in Brazil, List of city nicknames - Cities in Canada, List of city nicknames - Cities in China, List of city nicknames - Cities in Colombia, List of city nicknames - Cities in the Czech Republic, List of city nicknames - Cities in Denmark, List of city nicknames - Cities in Egypt, List of city nicknames - Cities in Finland, List of city nicknames - Cities in France, List of city nicknames - Cities in Germany, List of city nicknames - Cities in Guatemala, List of city nicknames - Cities in Hungary, List of city nicknames - Cities in India, List of city nicknames - Cities in Iran, List of city nicknames - Cities in the Republic of Ireland, List of city nicknames - Cities in Israel, List of city nicknames - Cities in Italy, List of city nicknames - Cities in Japan, List of city nicknames - Cities in Lebanon, List of city nicknames - Cities in Malaysia, List of city nicknames - Cities in Mexico, List of city nicknames - Cities in the Netherlands, List of city nicknames - Cities in New Zealand, List of city nicknames - Cities in Norway, List of city nicknames - Cities in Peru, List of city nicknames - Cities in the Philippines, List of city nicknames - Cities in Poland, List of city nicknames - Cities in Portugal, List of city nicknames - Cities in Puerto Rico, List of city nicknames - Cities in Romania, List of city nicknames - Cities in Russia, List of city nicknames - Cities in Serbia, List of city nicknames - Cities in Slovakia, List of city nicknames - Cities in South Africa, List of city nicknames - Cities in Spain, List of city nicknames - Cities in Sweden, List of city nicknames - Cities in Switzerland, List of city nicknames - Cities in Thailand, List of city nicknames - Cities in Ukraine, List of city nicknames - Cities in the United Kingdom, List of city nicknames - Cities in the United States, List of city nicknames - Cities in Venezuela

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