Bollywood is the informal name given to the popular Mumbai-based Hindi language film industry in India. The name is a conflation of Bombay, the old name of Mumbai, and Hollywood, the center of the United States film industry. Though some purists deplore the name (arguing that it makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood), it seems likely to persist and now has ...

Including:

• Bollywood - Genre conventions
• Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance
• Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics
• Bollywood - Cast and crew
• Bollywood - Finances
• Bollywood - Advertising
• Bollywood - Controversies
• Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism
• Bollywood - Sex scandals
• Bollywood - Bollywood awards
• Bollywood - History
• Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia - Bollywood

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - Genre conventions

Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism. Constrained by rushed production schedules and small budgets, some Bollywood writers and musicians have been known to resort to plagiarism. They copy ideas, plot lines, tunes or riffs from sources close at hand (Pakistani [3] and Tamil films and songs) or far away (Hollywood and other Western movies, Western pop hits). In past times, this could be done with impunity. Copyright enforcement was lax in South Asia. As for the Western sources, the Bollywood film industry w ...

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - Controversies

India is a major regional center for cinema. The Indian film industry is the largest in the world (1200 movies released in the year 2002). The industry is supported mainly by a vast film-going Indian public, though Indian films have been gaining increasing popularity in the rest of the world — notably in countries with large numbers of expatriate Indians. Cinema of India - Regional film industries. India is a large country where many languages are spoken. Each of the larger languages supports its own film indust ...

Including:

• Cinema of India - Regional film industries
• Cinema of India - Genre conventions of commercial films
• Cinema of India - Indian art cinema
• Cinema of India - Indian cinema meets Hollywood
• Cinema of India - National film award
• Cinema of India - Facts on Indian cinema

Read more here: » Cinema of India: Encyclopedia - Cinema of India

Urdu (اردو) is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family which developed under Persian, Turkish, and Arabic influence in the South Asia during the time of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1200-1800). Taken by itself, Urdu is approximately the twentieth most populous natively spoken language in the world, and is the national language of Pakistan as well as one of the 24 national languages of India. However, Urdu is often considered to be part of a wider Hindustani la ...

Including:

• Urdu - Speakers and geographic distribution
• Urdu - Official Status
• Urdu - Classification and related languages
• Urdu - Dialects
• Urdu - Grammar
• Urdu - Levels of formality in Urdu
• Urdu - Politeness
• Urdu - Vocabulary
• Urdu - Writing System
• Urdu - Examples
• Urdu - Literature
• Urdu - Prose
• Urdu - Poetry
• Urdu - History
• Urdu - Urdu and Hindi
• Urdu - Footnote
• Urdu - Bibliography

Read more here: » Urdu: Encyclopedia - Urdu

Musical theatre (sometimes, although less often than not, spelled theater rather than theatre) is a form of theatre combining music, songs, dance, and spoken dialogue. It is closely related to opera, frequently being distinguished by the use of popular music of various forms (and thus usually different instrumentation), the use of unaccompanied dialogue (though some musicals are entirely accompanied, such as Les Misérables, and some operas have spoken dialogue, such as Carmen ...

Including:

• Musical theatre - Musical collaboration
• Musical theatre - The authors
• Musical theatre - History
• Musical theatre - In the beginning
• Musical theatre - Operetta
• Musical theatre - The Roaring Twenties
• Musical theatre - The Thirties
• Musical theatre - The Golden Age 1940s/1950s/1960s
• Musical theatre - More recent eras
• Musical theatre - Famous composers/writers
• Musical theatre - Famous choreographers
• Musical theatre - Famous performers

Read more here: » Musical theatre: Encyclopedia - Musical theatre

On the one hand, Indian cinema is becoming increasingly Westernized. This trend is strongest in Bollywood, which is importing Western actors (such as Rachel Shelley in Lagaan), racing to meet Western production standards, filming overseas, and incorporating more and more English in movie dialogues. Bollywood is also making hit films (like Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge and Kal Ho Na Ho) that deal with the overseas Indian experience. (It should be noted that Indian cinema has always been Westernized in the sense that ...

See also:

Cinema of India, Cinema of India - Regional film industries, Cinema of India - Genre conventions of commercial films, Cinema of India - Indian art cinema, Cinema of India - Indian cinema meets Hollywood, Cinema of India - National film award, Cinema of India - Facts on Indian cinema

Read more here: » Cinema of India: Encyclopedia II - Cinema of India - Indian cinema meets Hollywood

India is a large country where many languages are spoken. Each of the larger languages supports its own film industry: Urdu/Hindi, Bengali, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam. The Hindi/Urdu film industry, based in Mumbai, formerly Bombay, is called Bollywood (a melding of Hollywood and Bombay). The Tamil film industry, is based in the Kodambakkam area of Chennai, South India. Similar neologisms to Bollywood have been coined for the Kannada (Karnataka State) film industry (Sandalwood) based on Karnataka being known for Sandalwood, and ...

See also:

Cinema of India, Cinema of India - Regional film industries, Cinema of India - Genre conventions of commercial films, Cinema of India - Indian art cinema, Cinema of India - Indian cinema meets Hollywood, Cinema of India - National film award, Cinema of India - Facts on Indian cinema

Read more here: » Cinema of India: Encyclopedia II - Cinema of India - Regional film industries

In addition to commercial cinema, there is also high-minded Indian art cinema, known to film critics as "New Indian Cinema" or sometimes "the Indian New Wave" (see the Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema). Most people in India simply call such films "art films" as opposed to mainstream commercial cinema. From the 1960s through the 1980s, the art film was usually government-supported cinema. Aspiring directors could get federal or state government grants to produce non-commercial films on Indian themes. Many of these directors were graduates ...

See also:

Cinema of India, Cinema of India - Regional film industries, Cinema of India - Genre conventions of commercial films, Cinema of India - Indian art cinema, Cinema of India - Indian cinema meets Hollywood, Cinema of India - National film award, Cinema of India - Facts on Indian cinema

Read more here: » Cinema of India: Encyclopedia II - Cinema of India - Indian art cinema

Adhering to contemporary convention for female authors, Austen published her novels anonymously. Her novels achieved a measure of popular success and esteem yet her anonymity kept her out of leading literary circles. Although all her works are love stories and although her career coincided with the Romantic movement in English literature, Jane Austen was no Romantic. Passionate emotion usually carries danger in an Austen novel and the young woman who exercises rational moderation is more likely to find real happiness than one who elopes with ...

See also:

Jane Austen, Jane Austen - Life, Jane Austen - Work, Jane Austen - Bibliography, Jane Austen - Novels, Jane Austen - Shorter works, Jane Austen - Juvenilia, Jane Austen - Jane Austen today, Jane Austen - Filmography, Jane Austen - Notes

Read more here: » Jane Austen: Encyclopedia II - Jane Austen - Work

Musical theatre - In the beginning. The first theater piece that conforms to the modern conception of a musical is generally considered to be The Black Crook - with book by Charles M. Barras and musical adaptations by Giuseppe Operti - which premiered at Niblo's Gardens in New York on September 12, 1866. The production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length kept theatergoers mesmerized enough to run for 474 performances. < ...

See also:

Musical theatre, Musical theatre - Musical collaboration, Musical theatre - The authors, Musical theatre - History, Musical theatre - In the beginning, Musical theatre - Operetta, Musical theatre - The Roaring Twenties, Musical theatre - The Thirties, Musical theatre - The Golden Age 1940s/1950s/1960s, Musical theatre - More recent eras, Musical theatre - Famous composers/writers, Musical theatre - Famous choreographers, Musical theatre - Famous performers

Read more here: » Musical theatre: Encyclopedia II - Musical theatre - History

Musical theatre - In the beginning. The first theater piece that conforms to the modern conception of a musical is generally considered to be The Black Crook - with book by Charles M. Barras and musical adaptations by Giuseppe Operti - which premiered at Niblo's Gardens in New York on September 12, 1866. The production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length kept theatergoers mesmerized enough to run for 474 performances. Hundreds of Musical Comedies were staged on Broadway in t ...

See also:

Musical theatre, Musical theatre - Musical collaboration, Musical theatre - The authors, Musical theatre - History, Musical theatre - In the beginning, Musical theatre - Operetta, Musical theatre - The Roaring Twenties, Musical theatre - The Thirties, Musical theatre - The Golden Age 1940s/1950s/1960s, Musical theatre - More recent eras, Musical theatre - Famous composers/writers, Musical theatre - Famous choreographers, Musical theatre - Famous performers

Read more here: » Musical theatre: Encyclopedia II - Musical theatre - History

The Indian screen magazine Filmfare started the first Filmfare Awards in 1953. These awards were to be Bollywood's version of the Academy Awards. Magazine readers submit their votes and the awards are presented at a glamorous, star-studded ceremony. Like the Oscars, they are frequently accused of bias towards commercial success rather than merit. Other companies (Stardust magazine, Zee TV etc) later entered the award business. Some of the other popular awards are: Zee Cine Awards Star Screen Awards < ...

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - Bollywood awards

The Indian screen magazine Filmfare started the first Filmfare Awards in 1953. Modeled after the poll-based merit format of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, individuals may submit their votes in seperate categories; The awards are presented at a glamorous, star-studded ceremony. However, unlike the Oscars, voting is not restricted to members of a specific club or academy, but is open to all people. Like the Oscars, they are frequently accused of bias towards c ...

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - Bollywood awards

Cinema first came to India in 1896, when the Lumiere Brothers’ Cinematographe showed six short films in the Watson Hotel. Three years later, Harishchandra Bhatvadekar shot and exhibited two short films. Following this, there were several attempts to film staged plays and imported films were shown in the first decade of the 20th century. The first indigenous silent feature film was Raja Harishchandra, released in 1913 and directed by Dadasaheb Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, who is considered the father of India ...

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - History

Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism. Constrained by rushed production schedules and small budgets, some Bollywood writers have been known to borrow the plots or even the scenes of hit Western films; some music directors have been known to copy tunes or riffs, from Western hit tunes (as well as Pakistani hits [2], Tamil language movies, their own older tunes, etc.). The copyists could copy Westerners with impunity since the Bollywood film scene was largely unknown to most people in the West; in addition, many in ...

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - Controversies

Bollywood film music is called filmi music (from Hindi, meaning "of films"). Songs from Bollywood movies are generally pre-recorded by professional playback singers, with the actors then lip synching the words to the song on-screen, often while dancing. While most actors, especially today, are excellent dancers, few are also singers. One notable exception was Kishore Kumar, who starred in several major films in the 1950s while also having a stellar career as a playback singer. K. L. Saigal, Suraiyya and ...

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance

Bollywood employs people from all parts of India. It attracts thousands of aspiring actors and actresses, all hoping for a break in the industry. Models and beauty contestants, television actors, theatre actors and even common people come to Mumbai with the hope and dream of becoming a star. Just as in Hollywood very few succeed. Stardom in the entertainment industry is very fickle, and Bollywood is no exception. The popularity of the stars can rise and fall rapidly, based on single movies. Very few people become national icons, who a ...

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - Cast and crew

Bollywood budgets are usually modest by Hollywood standards. Sets, costumes, special effects, and cinematography were less than world-class up until the mid-to-late 1990s. But as Western films and television gain wider distribution in India itself, there is increasing pressure for Bollywood films to attain the same production levels. Sequences shot overseas have proved a real box office draw, so Mumbai film crews are increasingly peripatetic, filming in Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, continental Europe and elsewhere. Nowadays, India ...

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - Finances

Bollywood employs people from all parts of India. It attracts thousands of aspiring actors and actresses, all hoping for a break in the industry. Models and beauty contestants, television actors, theatre actors and even common people come to Mumbai with the hope and dream of becoming a star. Just as in Hollywood, very few succeed. Stardom in the entertainment industry is very fickle, and Bollywood is no exception. The popularity of the stars can rise and fall rapidly, based on single movies. Very few people become national icons, who ...

See also:

Bollywood, Bollywood - Genre conventions, Bollywood - Bollywood song and dance, Bollywood - Dialogues and lyrics, Bollywood - Cast and crew, Bollywood - Finances, Bollywood - Advertising, Bollywood - Controversies, Bollywood - Accusations of plagiarism, Bollywood - Sex scandals, Bollywood - Bollywood awards, Bollywood - History, Bollywood - List of popular movies

Read more here: » Bollywood: Encyclopedia II - Bollywood - Cast and crew