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Bohdan Khmelnytsky | A Wisdom Archive on Bohdan Khmelnytsky | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky A selection of articles related to Bohdan Khmelnytsky | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Bohdan Khmelnytsky | | | |  Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918Official Russian policy would eventually prove to be substantially harsher to the Jews than that under independent Polish rule. The lands that had once been Poland were to remain the home of many Jews, as, in 1772, Catherine II, the tzarina of Russia, instituted the Pale of Settlement, restricting Jews to the western parts of the empire, which would eventually include much of Poland, although it excluded some areas in which Jews had previously lived. By the late 1800s, over four million Jews would live in the Pale.
Initially, R ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918 |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth The culture and intellectual output of the Jewish community in Poland had a profound impact on Judaism as a whole. Some Jewish historians have recounted that the word Poland is pronounced as Polania or Polin in Hebrew, and as transliterated into Hebrew, these names for Poland were interpreted as "good omens" because Polania can be broken down into three Hebrew words: po ("here"), lan ("dwells"), ya ("God"), and Polin into two words of: po ("here") lin ("[you should] dwell"). The ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39
History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews.
Jews also played a role in the fight for independence in 1918, some joining Józef Piłsudski, while many other communities decided to remain neutral in the fight for a Polish state. In the wake of World War I and the ensuing conflicts that engulfed Eastern Europe — the Russian Civil War, Polish-Ukrainian War, and Polish-Soviet War — many pogroms were launched against the Jews by all sides. As a substantial number of Jews were perceived to have supported the Bolsheviks in Russia ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39 |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45
History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign.
During the Polish September Campaign of 1939, some 120,000 Polish citizens of Jewish descent took part in battles with the Germans and the Soviets as members of the Polish Armed Forces. It is estimated that during the entirety of World War II as many as 32,216 Jewish soldiers and officers died and 61,000 were taken prisoner by the Germans; the majority did not survive. The soldiers and non-commissioned officers who were released ultimately f ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45 |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - Ukraine - Name The etymology of the Ukrainian name Ukrayina stems from the Old Slavic root *kraj-, meaning "cut". Opinions vary as to the immediate derivation:
Borderland, frontier (cf. Russian okraina "outskirts"; a semantic parallel to -mark in Denmark, cf. Marches)
Ukrainian krajina "country" (this is also one of the meanings of Ukrainian and Russian kraj)
Ukrainian verb krajaty "to cut", indicating the land the Ukrainians carved out for themselves
In En ...
See also:Ukraine, Ukraine - Name, Ukraine - History, Ukraine - Government and Politics, Ukraine - Subdivisions, Ukraine - Geography, Ukraine - Economy, Ukraine - Demographics, Ukraine - Religion, Ukraine - Culture, Ukraine - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Ukraine: Encyclopedia II - Ukraine - Name |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89
History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar.
Between 40,000 and 100,000 Polish Jews survived the Holocaust in Poland by hiding or by joining the Polish or Soviet partisan units. Another 50,000–170,000 were repatriated from the Soviet Union and 20,000–40,000 from Germany and other countries. At its postwar peak, there were 180,000–240,000 Jews in Poland settled mostly in Warsaw, Łódź, Kraków, and Wrocław.
Soon after the end of the Second World War, Jews began to flee Poland. Prompted by renewed anti- ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89 |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795
History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation.
Following the childless death of Zygmund II, the last king of the Jagiellon dynasty, Polish and Lithuanian nobles (szlachta) gathered at Warsaw and signed a document in which representatives of all the major religions pledged each other mutual support and tolerance.
See: Warsaw Confederation.
History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation.
Following Sigismund, Stephen Bathory (1576–1586) was elected ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795 |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - List of Ukrainians - Religious leaders and theologists
List of Ukrainians - Orthodox Christian and Greek Catholic.
Lyubomyr Huzar, Cardinal, head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
John (Maximovitch) of Tobolsk
Petro Mohyla
Andriy Sheptytsky, head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church through both world wars
Iosef Slipyi
Myroslav Liubachivsky
List of Ukrainians - Jewish.
Zvi Hirsch Chajes, talmudic scholar
Israel ben Eliezer, founder of Hasidism
Malbim, rabbi and preacher
Nachman of Breslov, Ha ...
See also:List of Ukrainians, List of Ukrainians - Athletes, List of Ukrainians - Artists, List of Ukrainians - Actors, List of Ukrainians - Composers, List of Ukrainians - Film and theater directors, List of Ukrainians - Musicians, List of Ukrainians - Painters, List of Ukrainians - Poets, List of Ukrainians - Sculptors, List of Ukrainians - Writers, List of Ukrainians - Other performing artists, List of Ukrainians - Business, List of Ukrainians - Cosmonauts, List of Ukrainians - Cossack Hetmans, List of Ukrainians - Academics, List of Ukrainians - Biologists/Physicians, List of Ukrainians - Chemists, List of Ukrainians - Computer scientists, List of Ukrainians - Economists, List of Ukrainians - Engineers, List of Ukrainians - Historians, List of Ukrainians - Mathematicians, List of Ukrainians - Physicists, List of Ukrainians - Other academics, List of Ukrainians - Politicians, List of Ukrainians - Ukrainian politicians, List of Ukrainians - Zionists and Israeli politicians, List of Ukrainians - Bolsheviks and Soviet politicians, List of Ukrainians - Soviet dissidents, List of Ukrainians - Russian politicians, List of Ukrainians - Polish politicians, List of Ukrainians - Military Figures, List of Ukrainians - Religious leaders and theologists, List of Ukrainians - Orthodox Christian and Greek Catholic, List of Ukrainians - Jewish, List of Ukrainians - Other, List of Ukrainians - Other, List of Ukrainians - Parents born in Ukraine, List of Ukrainians - See Also Read more here: » List of Ukrainians: Encyclopedia II - List of Ukrainians - Religious leaders and theologists |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - List of Ukrainians - Politicians
List of Ukrainians - Ukrainian politicians.
Mykola Azarov, minister of finance, vice premier
Stepan Bandera, nationalist leader
Taras Chornovil
Vyacheslav Chornovil
Mykhaylo Hrushevsky, president of Ukrainian People's Republic
Leonid Kravchuk, president
Leonid Kuchma, president
Anastassia Lisowska
Nestor Makhno
Kirill S. Moskalenko
Symon Petliura
Borys Tarasyuk, foreign mnister
Yuliya Tymoshenko, prim ...
See also:List of Ukrainians, List of Ukrainians - Athletes, List of Ukrainians - Artists, List of Ukrainians - Actors, List of Ukrainians - Composers, List of Ukrainians - Film and theater directors, List of Ukrainians - Musicians, List of Ukrainians - Painters, List of Ukrainians - Poets, List of Ukrainians - Sculptors, List of Ukrainians - Writers, List of Ukrainians - Other performing artists, List of Ukrainians - Business, List of Ukrainians - Cosmonauts, List of Ukrainians - Cossack Hetmans, List of Ukrainians - Academics, List of Ukrainians - Biologists/Physicians, List of Ukrainians - Chemists, List of Ukrainians - Computer scientists, List of Ukrainians - Economists, List of Ukrainians - Engineers, List of Ukrainians - Historians, List of Ukrainians - Mathematicians, List of Ukrainians - Physicists, List of Ukrainians - Other academics, List of Ukrainians - Politicians, List of Ukrainians - Ukrainian politicians, List of Ukrainians - Zionists and Israeli politicians, List of Ukrainians - Bolsheviks and Soviet politicians, List of Ukrainians - Soviet dissidents, List of Ukrainians - Russian politicians, List of Ukrainians - Polish politicians, List of Ukrainians - Military Figures, List of Ukrainians - Religious leaders and theologists, List of Ukrainians - Orthodox Christian and Greek Catholic, List of Ukrainians - Jewish, List of Ukrainians - Other, List of Ukrainians - Other, List of Ukrainians - Parents born in Ukraine, List of Ukrainians - See Also Read more here: » List of Ukrainians: Encyclopedia II - List of Ukrainians - Politicians |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - List of Ukrainians - Academics
List of Ukrainians - Biologists/Physicians.
Nikolai Amosov
Oleksandr Bohomolets
Theodosius Dobzhansky
Katherine Esau
Volodymyr Filatov
Waldemar Haffkine
Dimitri Ivanovski
Trofim Lysenko
Ilya Mechnikov, microbilogist, Nobel Prize in Medicine (1908)
Jaroslaw Nowicky
Svitlana P. Sydorenko
Vladimir Vernadsky, mineralog ...
See also:List of Ukrainians, List of Ukrainians - Athletes, List of Ukrainians - Artists, List of Ukrainians - Actors, List of Ukrainians - Composers, List of Ukrainians - Film and theater directors, List of Ukrainians - Musicians, List of Ukrainians - Painters, List of Ukrainians - Poets, List of Ukrainians - Sculptors, List of Ukrainians - Writers, List of Ukrainians - Other performing artists, List of Ukrainians - Business, List of Ukrainians - Cosmonauts, List of Ukrainians - Cossack Hetmans, List of Ukrainians - Academics, List of Ukrainians - Biologists/Physicians, List of Ukrainians - Chemists, List of Ukrainians - Computer scientists, List of Ukrainians - Economists, List of Ukrainians - Engineers, List of Ukrainians - Historians, List of Ukrainians - Mathematicians, List of Ukrainians - Physicists, List of Ukrainians - Other academics, List of Ukrainians - Politicians, List of Ukrainians - Ukrainian politicians, List of Ukrainians - Zionists and Israeli politicians, List of Ukrainians - Bolsheviks and Soviet politicians, List of Ukrainians - Soviet dissidents, List of Ukrainians - Russian politicians, List of Ukrainians - Polish politicians, List of Ukrainians - Military Figures, List of Ukrainians - Religious leaders and theologists, List of Ukrainians - Orthodox Christian and Greek Catholic, List of Ukrainians - Jewish, List of Ukrainians - Other, List of Ukrainians - Other, List of Ukrainians - Parents born in Ukraine, List of Ukrainians - See Also Read more here: » List of Ukrainians: Encyclopedia II - List of Ukrainians - Academics |
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| | | | | Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Khmelnytsky in Fiction Sholem Asch wrote about Kmelnytsky's cossack war in his book Al Kiddush Hashem: A Novel of 1648 which describes the massacres of the Jews in horrific detail.
In Poland, Khmelnytsky's war was described in the 19th century by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his famous novel, With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i mieczem). This book was written with a clearly stated intent of raising the national spirit in partitioned Poland, and shows the story of Khmelnytsky and the Cossacks from the point of view of the Polish nobles (szlachta), thus glor ...
See also:Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Biography, Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Early life, Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Cossack leader, Bohdan Khmelnytsky - The Uprising, Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Khmelnytsky in Fiction, Bohdan Khmelnytsky - External link Read more here: » Bohdan Khmelnytsky: Encyclopedia II - Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Khmelnytsky in Fiction |
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